Matthew 19:13-30 perfect end to complete perfection

Matthew 19:13 Then were there brought unto him little children, that he should put his hands on them, and pray: and the disciples rebuked them. [kjv]

τοτε προσηνεχθησαν αυτω παιδια ινα τας χειρας επιθη αυτοις και προσευξηται οι δε μαθηται επετιμησαν αυτοις [gnt]

Matthew 19:13

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KJV: Then were there brought unto him little children, that he should put his hands on them, and pray: and the disciples rebuked them.

Greek: τοτε προσηνεχθη προσηνεχθησαν αυτω παιδια ινα τας χειρας επιθη αυτοις και προσευξηται οι δε μαθηται επετιμησαν αυτοις

Matthew 19:14 But Jesus said, Suffer little children, and forbid them not, to come unto me: for of such is the kingdom of heaven. [kjv]

ο δε ιησους ειπεν αφετε τα παιδια και μη κωλυετε αυτα ελθειν προς με των γαρ τοιουτων εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων [gnt]

The English word "suffer" means to "allow". The woman's suffrage movement was to "allow" women to vote, etc. This is one of the themes in the Disney movie Mary Poppins, released in August 1964 and set in 1910 England.
The Greek for "suffer" has to do with "letting go" as in "forgiving".

More: Matthew: Forgive the modern psychology bait and switch

Matthew 19:14

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KJV: But Jesus said, Suffer little children, and forbid them not, to come unto me: for of such is the kingdom of heaven.

Greek: ο δε ιησους ειπεν αφετε τα παιδια και μη κωλυετε αυτα ελθειν προς με των γαρ τοιουτων εστιν η βασιλεια των ουρανων

Latin: Iesus vero ait eis sinite parvulos et nolite eos prohibere ad me venire talium est enim regnum caelorum

Wessex: Ða cwaeð se haelend. laeteð þa litlingas. & nelle ge hyo for-beodan cuman to me. swilcre ys heofena rice.

Wycliffe: And the disciplis blamyden hem. But Jhesus seide to hem, Suffre ye that litle children come to me, and nyle ye forbede hem; for of siche is the kyngdom of heuenes.

Tyndale: But Iesus sayde: suffre the chyldren and forbid them not to come to me: for of suche is the kyngdome of heven.

Luther: Aber Jesus sprach: Lasset die Kindlein und wehret ihnen nicht, zu mir zu kommen; denn solcher ist das Himmelreich.

Spanish: Pero Jesús dijo: Dejad a los niños venir a mí, y no se los impidáis, porque de los tales es el reino de los cielos.

Matthew 19:15 And he laid his hands on them, and departed thence. [kjv]

και επιθεις τας χειρας αυτοις επορευθη εκειθεν [gnt]

Matthew 19:15

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KJV: And he laid his hands on them, and departed thence.

Greek: και επιθεις αυτοις τας χειρας αυτοις επορευθη εκειθεν

Let us go back to the context of the previous verse for an interesting exchange of that rich young man with Jesus.

Matthew 19:16 And, behold, one came and said unto him, Good Master, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life? [kjv]

και ιδου εις προσελθων αυτω ειπεν διδασκαλε τι αγαθον ποιησω ινα σχω ζωην αιωνιον [gnt]

Note that the "Good" in "Good Master" is not in the Greek. Only the "good" as in "good thing" is in the Greek.

The "Good" in "Good Master" appears to be inferred from the next verse.

Note: There are some textual variants that do have the "good" in "good Master".

Matthew 19:16

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KJV: And, behold, one came and said unto him, Good Master, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?

Greek: και ιδου εις προσελθων ειπεν αυτω ειπεν διδασκαλε αγαθε τι αγαθον ποιησω ινα εχω σχω ζωην αιωνιον

Matthew 19:17 And he said unto him, Why callest thou me good? there is none good but one, that is, God: but if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments. [kjv]

ο δε ειπεν αυτω τι με ερωτας περι του αγαθου εις εστιν ο αγαθος ει δε θελεις εις την ζωην εισελθειν τηρει τας εντολας [gnt]

… god … god… [wes]

The idea of a rich young "ruler" appears to come from what people remembered and told Luke.

At the end of the verse is a high bar for passing the courses.

The Old English Wessex Gospels that say "god is god" for "God is good". This similarity is part of the confusion between "Gospel" as the "good word" (from the Greek) and "God's word" where "spell" is a term for the word as in speaking.

More: Calque: The good news

Matthew 19:17

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KJV: And he said unto him, Why callest thou me good? there is none good but one, that is, God: but if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments.

Greek: ο δε ειπεν αυτω τι με λεγεις αγαθον ουδεις αγαθος ει μη ερωτας περι του αγαθου εις εστιν ο θεος αγαθος ει δε θελεις εισελθειν εις την ζωην τηρησον εισελθειν τηρει τας εντολας

Wessex: Ða cwaeð he. Hwaet axost þu me be gode. An god is god. soðlice gyf þu wylt on lyf becuman heald þa bebode.

Matthew 19:17 And he said unto him, Why callest thou me good? there is none good but one, that is, God: but if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments. [kjv]

ο δε ειπεν αυτω τι με ερωτας περι του αγαθου εις εστιν ο αγαθος ει δε θελεις εις την ζωην εισελθειν τηρει τας εντολας [gnt]

… god … god… [wes]

Only God is "good". Jesus refers in other places to the "weak" or "sick" as "bad" as in "not good".

More: Matthew 9:8-13 The healthy make a strong case for evil sick time

One of the common misconceptions in the world and in many churches is that people or "good" and the "bad" is blamed on other factors. That does not appear to be what the Bible says (and in many places).

Details are left as a future topic.

A common meaning of "perfect" in modern English is "without error" is an a perfect score on an exam.

This meaning, however, is not the meaning used in the Bible as, say, translated by the KJV (King James Version). The English word "perfect, without fault" is from the Middle English word "parfit" ≈ "perfect, complete" and is through French from the Latin word "perficere" ≈ "to finish". • This Latin word is from two Latin words.

The Latin word "per" ≈ "through".
The Latin word "facere" ≈ "to do, to make".
The Spanish word "perfectos" ≈ "perfect".
The French word "parfait" ≈ "perfect".

The original meaning of "perfect" is of being "complete" in some sense. Thus, to "perfect" a process is to complete that process, not that it is without error.

Many languages have verbs that have a "perfect" tense and an "imperfect" tense (and others).

The "perfect tense" refers to an action that is "complete".
The "imperfect tense" refers to an action that is "not complete".

English example:

perfect: I have been, I have gone, I have seen, etc.
imperfect: I was, I went, I saw, etc.

The ancient Greek word "τέλειος" ≈ "complete".
The modern Greek word "τέλειος" (TEH-lee-os) ≈ "perfect, complete".
The modern Greek word "τελεία" (teh-LEE-a) ≈ "end" as in the period at the end of a sentence. In slang it can mean "great" (as in "what else could go wrong").

James 1:4 But let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing. [kjv]

η δε υπομονη εργον τελειον εχετω ινα ητε τελειοι και ολοκληροι εν μηδενι λειπομενοι [gnt]

patientia … perfectum … perfecti … [v]

James wants the "completed" actions to be without error is in not needed anything more.

One has reached a "fixed point" when no more changes are necessary.

James 1:4

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KJV: But let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing.

Greek: η δε υπομονη εργον τελειον εχετω ινα ητε τελειοι και ολοκληροι εν μηδενι λειπομενοι

Latin: patientia autem opus perfectum habeat ut sitis perfecti et integri in nullo deficientes

The following notes were moved here and need reorganized.

The context is that of a rich man entering heaven from the question of the rich man and the requirement to be "good" as in "perfect".

Matthew 19:21 Jesus said unto him, If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come and follow me. [kjv]

εφη αυτω ο ιησους ει θελεις τελειος ειναι υπαγε πωλησον σου τα υπαρχοντα και δος τοις πτωχοις και εξεις θησαυρον εν ουρανοις και δευρο ακολουθει μοι [gnt]

The Greek word for "perfect" here does not mean without error (though it can mean that). It means "complete" as in "perfected". In Greek it can also mean having a "purpose" or "end" (goal). This may or may not mean the idea of being without error, blemish, etc.

Matthew 19:21

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KJV: Jesus said unto him, If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come and follow me.

Greek: εφη αυτω ο ιησους ει θελεις τελειος ειναι υπαγε πωλησον σου τα υπαρχοντα και δος τοις πτωχοις και εξεις θησαυρον εν ουρανω ουρανοις και δευρο ακολουθει μοι

*G5046 *19 τέλειος (tel'-i-os) : from G5056; complete (in various applications of labor, growth, mental and moral character, etc.); neuter (as noun, with G3588) completeness:--of full age, man, perfect.

Usage

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τελειον *7

Romans 12:2 ... and acceptable, and perfect, will of God.
1 Corinthians 13:10 But when that which is perfect is come, then that which is ...
Ephesians 4:13 ... of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure ...
Colossians 1:28 ... we may present every man perfect in Christ Jesus:
James 1:4 But let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, ...
James 1:17 ... gift and every perfect gift is from above, ...
James 1:25 But whoso looketh into the perfect law of liberty, and ...

τελειοι *5

Matthew 5:48 Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect.
1 Corinthians 14:20 ... but in understanding be men.
Philippians 3:15 Let us therefore, as many as be perfect, be thus minded: and ...
Colossians 4:12 ... prayers, that ye may stand perfect and complete in ...
James 1:4 But let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, ...

τελειος *3

Matthew 5:48 Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect.
Matthew 19:21 ... If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that ...
James 3:2 ... in word, the same is a perfect man, and able also ...

τελειοις

1 Corinthians 2:6 ... wisdom among them that are perfect: yet not the wisdom ...

τελειων

Hebrews 5:14 But strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age, even those who by reason of use ...

τελειοτερας

Hebrews 9:11 ... a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, ...

τελεια

1 John 4:18 ... in love; but perfect love casteth out ...

*G5046 *19 τέλειος (tel'-i-os) : from G5056; complete (in various applications of labor, growth, mental and moral character, etc.); neuter (as noun, with G3588) completeness:--of full age, man, perfect.

Words: τελεια τελειοι=5 τελειοις τελειον=7 τελειος=3 τελειοτερας τελειων

This advice from Jesus to be "perfect" may hearken back to Matthew 5:48, a few verses after Matthew 5:20.

Matthew 5:20 For I say unto you, That except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven. [kjv]

λεγω γαρ υμιν οτι εαν μη περισσευση υμων η δικαιοσυνη πλειον των γραμματεων και φαρισαιων ου μη εισελθητε εις την βασιλειαν των ουρανων [gnt]

Matthew 5:48 Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect. [kjv]

εσεσθε ουν υμεις τελειοι ως ο πατηρ υμων ο ουρανιος τελειος εστιν [gnt]

… fulfremede… faeder … fulfremed. [wes]

With the bar set at being "perfect", the disciples have the following obvious question.

The Old English word "fulfremed" ≈ "to perfect" as in to complete to and ending point.

Matthew 5:48

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KJV: Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect.

Greek: εσεσθε ουν υμεις τελειοιωσπερ ως ο πατηρ υμων ο εν τοις ουρανοις ουρανιος τελειος εστιν

Latin: estote ergo vos perfecti sicut et Pater vester caelestis perfectus est

Wessex: Eornestlice beoð fulfremede. swa eowre heofenlice faeder is fulfremed.

Wycliffe: Therfore be ye parfit, as youre heuenli fadir is parfit.

Gothic: sijaith nu jus fullatojai, swaswe atta izwar sa in himinam fullatojis ist.

Luther: Darum sollt ihr vollkommen sein, gleichwie euer Vater im Himmel vollkommen ist.

Slavonic: Будите убо вы совершени, якоже Отец ваш Небесный совершен есть.

Russian: Итак будьте совершенны, как совершен Отец ваш Небесный.

Spanish: Sed, pues, vosotros perfectos, como vuestro Padre que está en el cielo es perfecto.

Matthew 19:18 He saith unto him, Which? Jesus said, Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, [kjv]

λεγει αυτω ποιας ο δε ιησους εφη το ου φονευσεις ου μοιχευσεις ου κλεψεις ου ψευδομαρτυρησεις [gnt]

… homicidium … furtum … [v]

… man-slyht… stell … [wes]

It is more difficult to see how the prohibition of stealing could be applied reflexively. How could one steal from oneself?

The Latin word "homicidium" ≈ "murder" from which we get the English word "homicide".

The Old English word "manslyht" ≈ "murder" which led to the Middle English word "mansleying" ≈ "murder" which led to the English (legal) word "manslaughter".

Matthew 19:18

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KJV: He saith unto him, Which? Jesus said, Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness,

Greek: λεγει αυτω ποιας ο δε ιησους ειπεν εφη το ου φονευσεις ου μοιχευσεις ου κλεψεις ου ψευδομαρτυρησεις

Latin: dicit illi quae Iesus autem dixit non homicidium facies non adulterabis non facies furtum non falsum testimonium dices

Wessex: Þa cwaeð he hwilce. Þa cwaeð se haelend. ne do þu man-slyht. ne do þu unriht-hameð. ne stell þu. ne saege þu lease gewytnesse.

Wycliffe: He seith to hym, Whiche? And Jhesus seide, Thou schalt not do mansleying, thou schalt not do auowtrie, thou schalt not do thefte, thou schalt not seie fals witnessying;

Luther: Da sprach er zu ihm: Welche? Jesus aber sprach: Du sollst nicht töten; du sollst nicht ehebrechen; du sollst nicht stehlen; du sollst nicht falsch Zeugnis geben;

Matthew 19:19 Honour thy father and thy mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. [kjv]

τιμα τον πατερα και την μητερα και αγαπησεις τον πλησιον σου ως σεαυτον [gnt]

Matthew 19:19

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KJV: Honour thy father and thy mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.

Greek: τιμα τον πατερα σου και την μητερα και αγαπησεις τον πλησιον σου ως σεαυτον

Matthew 19:20 The young man saith unto him, All these things have I kept from my youth up: what lack I yet? [kjv]

λεγει αυτω ο νεανισκος ταυτα παντα εφυλαξα τι ετι υστερω [gnt]

Matthew 19:20

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KJV: The young man saith unto him, All these things have I kept from my youth up: what lack I yet?

Greek: λεγει αυτω ο νεανισκος παντα ταυτα εφυλαξαμην εκ νεοτητος μου παντα εφυλαξα τι ετι υστερω

Matthew 19:18 He saith unto him, Which? Jesus said, Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, [kjv]

19:19 Honour thy father and thy mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. [kjv]

19:20 The young man saith unto him, All these things have I kept from my youth up: what lack I yet? [kjv]

Why did Jesus list only five of the ten commandments?
Why did Jesus use this order?

If one cannot make the standards, then there might be another way to, in this world, get by. One can change the standards. That may not work in eternity, but there are those who might do so to get by in this world.

What about the high bar or low bar issue?

What happens if everyone gets an A grade (or passes the course)?
What happens if everyone gets an F grade (or fails the course)?

Does this ever happen in college courses? Why or why not?

Does this ever happen in church teachings? Why or why not?

Matthew 7:21 Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven. [kjv]

This reminds on of the parable of the sheep and the goats. In Matthew 7, Jesus talks about the gates (e.g., gatekeeper courses) and the students wishing to graduate from their courses.

More: Matthew 25:31-46 Parable of the sheep and goats

Matthew 7:21

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KJV: Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven.

Greek: ου πας ο λεγων μοι κυριε κυριε εισελευσεται εις την βασιλειαν των ουρανων αλλ ο ποιων το θελημα του πατρος μου του εν τοις ουρανοις

Matthew 19:22 But when the young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful: for he had great possessions. [kjv]

Matthew 19:22

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KJV: But when the young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful: for he had great possessions.

Greek: ακουσας δε ο νεανισκος τον λογον τουτον απηλθεν λυπουμενος ην γαρ εχων κτηματα πολλα

Matthew 19:23 Then said Jesus unto his disciples, Verily I say unto you, That a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of heaven. [kjv]

Matthew 19:23

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KJV: Then said Jesus unto his disciples, Verily I say unto you, That a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of heaven.

Greek: ο δε ιησους ειπεν τοις μαθηταις αυτου αμην λεγω υμιν οτι δυσκολως πλουσιος δυσκολως εισελευσεται εις την βασιλειαν των ουρανων

Matthew 19:24 And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. [kjv]

Matthew 19:24

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KJV: And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.

Greek: παλιν δε λεγω υμιν ευκοπωτερον εστιν καμηλον δια τρυπηματος τρηματος ραφιδος διελθειν εισελθειν η πλουσιον εις την βασιλειαν του θεου εισελθειν

Matthew 19:25 When his disciples heard it, they were exceedingly amazed, saying, Who then can be saved? [kjv]

ακουσαντες δε οι μαθηται εξεπλησσοντο σφοδρα λεγοντες τις αρα δυναται σωθηναι [gnt]

19:26 But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible. [kjv]

εμβλεψας δε ο ιησους ειπεν αυτοις παρα ανθρωποις τουτο αδυνατον εστιν παρα δε θεω παντα δυνατα [gnt]

Matthew 19:25

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KJV: When his disciples heard it, they were exceedingly amazed, saying, Who then can be saved?

Greek: ακουσαντες δε οι μαθηται αυτου εξεπλησσοντο σφοδρα λεγοντες τις αρα δυναται σωθηναι

Matthew 19:26

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KJV: But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible.

Greek: εμβλεψας δε ο ιησους ειπεν αυτοις παρα ανθρωποις τουτο αδυνατον εστιν παρα δε θεω παντα δυναταεστιν

Latin: aspiciens autem Iesus dixit illis apud homines hoc inpossibile est apud Deum autem omnia possibilia sunt

Wessex: Ða quoth. se haelend un-aeðelic þaet ys mid mannen. ac ealle þing synde mid gode aeðelice.

Wycliffe: Jhesus bihelde, and seide to hem, Anentis men this thing is impossible; but anentis God alle thingis ben possible.

Tyndale: Iesus behelde the and sayde vnto them: with men this is vnpossible but with God all thinges are possible.

Geneva: And Iesus behelde them, and sayde vnto them, With men this is vnpossible, but with God all things are possible.

Luther: Jesus aber sah sie an und sprach zu ihnen: Bei den Menschen ist's unmöglich, aber bei Gott sind alle Dinge möglich.

Spanish: Mas Jesús, mirándoles, les dijo: Con los hombres esto es imposible, pero con Dios todo es posible.

Portuguese: Fixando neles o olhar, Jesus disse-lhes: «Aos homens é impossível, mas a Deus tudo é possível.»

*G1415 *32 δυνατός (doo-nat-os') : from G1410; powerful or capable (literally or figuratively); neuter possible:--able, could, (that is) mighty (man), possible, power, strong.

Words: δυνατα=6 δυνατοι=4 δυνατον=9 δυνατος=13

*G1415 *32 δυνατός (doo-nat-os') : from G1410; powerful or capable (literally or figuratively); neuter possible:--able, could, (that is) mighty (man), possible, power, strong.

Usage

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δυνατος *13

Luke 1:49 For he that is mighty hath done to me great things; and ...
Luke 14:31 ... and consulteth whether he be able with ten thousand ...
Luke 24:19 ... which was a prophet mighty in deed and ...
Acts 7:22 ... of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and ...
Acts 11:17 ... what was I, that I could withstand God?
Acts 18:24 ... an eloquent man, and mighty in the scriptures, came ...
Romans 4:21 ... what he had promised, he was able also to perform.
Romans 11:23 ... for God is able to graff them in again.
2 Corinthians 12:10 ... I am weak, then am I strong.
2 Timothy 1:12 ... am persuaded that he is able to keep that which I ...
Titus 1:9 ... he hath been taught, that he may be able by sound doctrine ...
Hebrews 11:19 Accounting that God was able to raise him up, even ...
James 3:2 ... the same is a perfect man, and able also to bridle the whole body.

δυνατον *9

Matthew 24:24 ... wonders; insomuch that, if it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect.
Matthew 26:39 ... Father, if it be possible, let this cup ...
Mark 13:22 ... to seduce, if it were possible, even the elect.
Mark 14:35 ... that, if it were possible, the hour might pass from him.
Acts 2:24 ... because it was not possible that he should be holden ...
Acts 20:16 ... he hasted, if it were possible for him, to be at ...
Romans 9:22 ... and to make his power known, endured with ...
Romans 12:18 If it be possible, as much as lieth in you, live peaceably with ...
Galatians 4:15 ... record, that, if it had been possible, ye would have plucked out your own eyes, ...

δυνατα *6

Matthew 19:26 ... God all things are possible.
Mark 9:23 ... thou canst believe, all things are possible to him that believeth.
Mark 10:27 ... God all things are possible.
Mark 14:36 ... Abba, Father, all things are possible unto thee; take away this ...
Luke 18:27 ... impossible with men are possible with God.
2 Corinthians 10:4 ... are not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of strong holds;)

δυνατοι *4

Acts 25:5 ... which among you are able, go down with me, and accuse this ...
Romans 15:1 We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities ...
1 Corinthians 1:26 ... the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called:
2 Corinthians 13:9 ... and ye are strong: and this also ...

John 15:11 These things have I spoken unto you, that my joy might remain in you, and that your joy might be full. [kjv]

ταυτα λελαληκα υμιν ινα η χαρα η εμη εν υμιν η και η χαρα υμων πληρωθη [gnt]

It appears that one needs to make friends with the teacher, who is the adviser and dean, in order to pass. Is it possible to be friends with the teacher?

Jesus addresses this in John 15.

John 15:11

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KJV: These things have I spoken unto you, that my joy might remain in you, and that your joy might be full.

Greek: ταυτα λελαληκα υμιν ινα η χαρα η εμη εν υμιν μεινη η και η χαρα υμων πληρωθη

John 15:12 This is my commandment, That ye love one another, as I have loved you. [kjv]

αυτη εστιν η εντολη η εμη ινα αγαπατε αλληλους καθως ηγαπησα υμας [gnt]

15:13 Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. [kjv]

μειζονα ταυτης αγαπην ουδεις εχει ινα τις την ψυχην αυτου θη υπερ των φιλων αυτου [gnt]

15:14 Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you. [kjv]

υμεις φιλοι μου εστε εαν ποιητε ο εγω εντελλομαι υμιν [gnt]

Notice the condition put on friendship with the teacher. In real life, students want to be friends with the teacher but expect an easy good grade without a lot of work.

John 15:12

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KJV: This is my commandment, That ye love one another, as I have loved you.

Greek: αυτη εστιν η εντολη η εμη ινα αγαπατε αλληλους καθως ηγαπησα υμας

John 15:13

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KJV: Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.

Greek: μειζονα ταυτης αγαπην ουδεις εχει ινα τις την ψυχην αυτου θη υπερ των φιλων αυτου

John 15:14

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KJV: Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you.

Greek: υμεις φιλοι μου εστε εαν ποιητε οσα ο εγω εντελλομαι υμιν

John 15:15 Henceforth I call you not servants; for the servant knoweth not what his lord doeth: but I have called you friends; for all things that I have heard of my Father I have made known unto you. [kjv]

One conclusion is that one needs to make friends with the teacher to put in a good word to the dean to pass the required courses. That friendship requires some sacrifice and hard word, not just study.

More: 2 Timothy 2:15 An urgent focused priority to do diligent study

John 15:15

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KJV: Henceforth I call you not servants; for the servant knoweth not what his lord doeth: but I have called you friends; for all things that I have heard of my Father I have made known unto you.

Greek: ουκετι υμας λεγω υμας δουλους οτι ο δουλος ουκ οιδεν τι ποιει αυτου ο κυριος υμας δε ειρηκα φιλους οτι παντα α ηκουσα παρα του πατρος μου εγνωρισα υμιν

Matthew 19:28 And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. [kjv]

ο δε ιησους ειπεν αυτοις αμην λεγω υμιν οτι υμεις οι ακολουθησαντες μοι εν τη παλιγγενεσια οταν καθιση ο υιος του ανθρωπου επι θρονου δοξης αυτου καθησεσθε και υμεις επι δωδεκα θρονους κρινοντες τας δωδεκα φυλας του ισραηλ [gnt]

This "regeneration" appears to be a third "birth" or "coming into being" as part of the "in-processing" of "resurrection" into the Kingdom of God.

Kingdoms 5

*G3824 *2 παλιγγενεσία (pal-ing-ghen-es-ee'-ah) : from G3825 and G1078; (spiritual) rebirth (the state or the act), i.e. (figuratively) spiritual renovation; specially, Messianic restoration:--regeneration.

Words: παλινγενεσια παλινγενεσιας

In Titus, Paul appears to use this word in terms of the second birth. In Matthew, Jesus appears to use this word for the third birth (coming into being) or resurrection. This word is used only by Matthew in Matthew 19:28. The word "resurrection", not appearing before Matthew 19:28, appears five times after.

*G3824 *2 παλιγγενεσία (pal-ing-ghen-es-ee'-ah) : from G3825 and G1078; (spiritual) rebirth (the state or the act), i.e. (figuratively) spiritual renovation; specially, Messianic restoration:--regeneration.

Usage

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παλινγενεσια

Matthew 19:28 ... which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man ...

παλινγενεσιας

Titus 3:5 ... us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost;

Matthew 19:28 And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. [kjv]

ο δε ιησους ειπεν αυτοις αμην λεγω υμιν οτι υμεις οι ακολουθησαντες μοι εν τη παλιγγενεσια οταν καθιση ο υιος του ανθρωπου επι θρονου δοξης αυτου καθησεσθε και υμεις επι δωδεκα θρονους κρινοντες τας δωδεκα φυλας του ισραηλ [gnt]

Discuss:

What is the meaning of "regeneration"?
What is the meaning of "resurrection"?
What are the similarities and differences?
How is the meaning of the above verse changed if the meaning of "regeneration" is changed to "resurrection"?

Matthew 19:27 Then answered Peter and said unto him, Behold, we have forsaken all, and followed thee; what shall we have therefore? [kjv]

τοτε αποκριθεις ο πετρος ειπεν αυτω ιδου ημεις αφηκαμεν παντα και ηκολουθησαμεν σοι τι αρα εσται ημιν [gnt]

19:28 And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. [kjv]

ο δε ιησους ειπεν αυτοις αμην λεγω υμιν οτι υμεις οι ακολουθησαντες μοι εν τη παλιγγενεσια οταν καθιση ο υιος του ανθρωπου επι θρονου δοξης αυτου καθησεσθε και υμεις επι δωδεκα θρονους κρινοντες τας δωδεκα φυλας του ισραηλ [gnt]

19:29 And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life. [kjv]

και πας οστις αφηκεν οικιας η αδελφους η αδελφας η πατερα η μητερα η τεκνα η αγρους ενεκεν του εμου ονοματος πολλαπλασιονα λημψεται και ζωην αιωνιον κληρονομησει [gnt]

Matthew 19:27

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KJV: Then answered Peter and said unto him, Behold, we have forsaken all, and followed thee; what shall we have therefore?

Greek: τοτε αποκριθεις ο πετρος ειπεν αυτω ιδου ημεις αφηκαμεν παντα και ηκολουθησαμεν σοι τι αρα εσται ημιν

Matthew 19:28

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KJV: And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

Greek: ο δε ιησους ειπεν αυτοις αμην λεγω υμιν οτι υμεις οι ακολουθησαντες μοι εν τη παλιγγενεσια οταν καθιση ο υιος του ανθρωπου επι θρονου δοξης αυτου καθισεσθε καθησεσθε και υμεις επι δωδεκα θρονους κρινοντες τας δωδεκα φυλας του ισραηλ

Matthew 19:29

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KJV: And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life.

Greek: και πας ος οστις αφηκεν οικιας η αδελφους η αδελφας η πατερα η μητερα η γυναικα η τεκνα η αγρους ενεκεν του εμου ονοματος μου εκατονταπλασιονα ληψεται πολλαπλασιονα λημψεται και ζωην αιωνιον κληρονομησει

Matthew 19:30 But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first. [kjv]

πολλοι δε εσονται πρωτοι εσχατοι και εσχατοι πρωτοι [gnt]

It is not clear as to the meaning of "many" in this context.

"πρῶτος" ≈ "first, earliest, most prominent, prime (number)" as in English words beginning with "proto".
"ἔσχατος" ≈ "farthest, most remote, last, final, extreme" and is the source of the English word "eschatology" as a "study of the end times".

This is the end of Matthew 19. This idea is repeated again in several ways in Matthew 20.

What is meant by "many"?

Details are left as a future topic.

More: Matthew 20:1-19 Parable of the vineyard workers

More: Chapter and verse divisions

More: Matthew: First last and last first

Matthew 19:30 But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first. [kjv]

πολλοι δε εσονται πρωτοι εσχατοι και εσχατοι πρωτοι [gnt]

In computer science, a "stack" is a LIFO (Last In First Out) data structure that works as a "stack" of cafeteria trays. In the extreme (all pushes then all pops), this creates a reverse order.
By contrast, a "queue" is a FIFI (First In First Out) data structure.

Using the "new" as living and the "old" as dead, does a stack-based or first-in last-out structure have any meaning?

That is, from a time sequence perspective, the last in shall be first out and the first in shall be last out. This is the definition of a stack structure.

Paraphrase: The first in shall be the last out and the last in shall be the first out.

More: Matthew: First last and last first

Matthew 19:30

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KJV: But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first.

Greek: πολλοι δε εσονται πρωτοι εσχατοι και εσχατοι πρωτοι