Ephesians 6:12 Wrestling with words

Under development and update.

All

KJV: For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places.

Greek: οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτουςτου αιωνος τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις

Latin: quia non est nobis conluctatio adversus carnem et sanguinem sed adversus principes et potestates adversus mundi rectores tenebrarum harum contra spiritalia nequitiae in caelestibus

Luther: Denn wir haben nicht mit Fleisch und Blut zu kämpfen, sondern mit Fürsten und Gewaltigen, nämlich mit den Herren der Welt, die in der Finsternis dieser Welt herrschen, mit den bösen Geistern unter dem Himmel.

Here is content related to the book of Ephesians.

Ephesians 3:18 : From lowest depth to highest height
Ephesians 6: Defending the full armor of God
Ephesians 6:12 Wrestling with words (this page)

More: Paul

Ephesians 6:11 Put on the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. [kjv]

ενδυσασθε την πανοπλιαν του θεου προς το δυνασθαι υμας στηναι προς τας μεθοδειας του διαβολου [gnt]

Paul concludes his letter to the Ephesians in chapter 6 by talking about "clothing" oneself with the full "armor" of God. One should "stand" up for Jesus against the "wiles" or "methods" as in "following after the path" of the "devil" or "accuser".
All the armaments mentioned are defensive and require teamwork and not individual combat. The exception is the sword (of truth, of the spirit, etc.) which can be both an offensive and a defensive weapon.

This conclusion has many military allusions but, as a conclusion, each refers to things already said in the letter and not completely new ideas.

More: Ephesians 6: Defending the full armor of God

Ephesians 6:11 Put on the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. [kjv]

ενδυσασθε την πανοπλιαν του θεου προς το δυνασθαι υμας στηναι προς τας μεθοδειας του διαβολου [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "μέθοδος" ≈ "following after, pursuit, trick/ruse" and is the source of the English word "method"

"μετά" ≈ "after, with".
"ὁδός" ≈ "threshold, way, trip" as in the last part of "exodus".

The "wiles" of the "devil" might be thought of as the "methods" of the "devil" as in a trap to deceive those. In both cases in Ephesians, the word for "method" is not used in a positive light. Deception has been an important part of military operations since time began. The Greek word translated "that" and then as "against" is that of "towards" or "in the direction of".

This analogy would be familiar to any soldier of the time as deception was common in military operations. Alexander the Great made great use of deception since he usually had a much smaller force than his opponents. The Romans were deceived at a devastating ambush at Teuteburg Forest about 9 A.D.

More: Streets: Flowing after a path into a plaza

More: Think after what you heard and repent

More: Ephesians 6: Defending the full armor of God

Genesis 32:24 And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. [kjv]

υπελειφθη δε ιακωβ μονος και επαλαιεν ανθρωπος μετ αυτου εως πρωι [lxx]

In Genesis 32, Jacob "wrestles" all night with someone who declines identification but instead "blesses" Jacob. Looking ahead, Jacob does not appear to be "blessed" in any way. Joseph is sold into slavery and rises to secular power in Egypt which eventually brings in Jacob and family who, in a few years, end up in slavery. It takes Moses and a lot of work to get that family out of (worldly) Egypt and into the "promised land".

The only use of the Greek word for "wrestle" in the GNT (Greek New Testament) is in Ephesians and refers to the dark powers that control this earthly world.

The only time that Jesus figuratively "wrestles" with the powers of darkness in the dark is in the garden before being arrested, tried, and crucified by those dark powers. Who might this unnamed individual be with whom Jacob wrestled?

More: Genesis 32:20-32 Wresting with the dark powers of the night

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

The noun "the wrestle" here, the only time in the GNT, indicates that the combat or attack will be at very close range but the word can be interpreted as a mental exercise rather than a physical exercise (or both). The ancient Greek word "πάλη" ≈ "wrestling, fight" is from the ancient Greek word "πάλλω" ≈ "poise or sway a missile" as in before it is thrown or to brandish a weapon.

The word "against" is that of "to" or "towards".

What are the dangers that go beyond "flesh" and "blood"? What patterns are being used by Paul for the targets of that "wrestle"?

One "challenge" here is to "wrestle" with the words as written by Paul and not as translated into English.

Matthew 10:28 And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. [kjv]

και μη φοβεισθε απο των αποκτεινοντων το σωμα την δε ψυχην μη δυναμενων αποκτειναι φοβεισθε δε μαλλον τον δυναμενον και ψυχην και σωμα απολεσαι εν γεεννη [gnt]

Jesus tells us that the "body" and the "soul" are different. Jesus tells us who we should "fear" and it is not "fear" about the cares and concerns of this world. The most dangerous attacks are not from the outside but from the inside and involve deception.

One cannot "destroy the soul" by "killing" the body is in persecution (e.g., by the Roman administrations). The primary way to "destroy" the "soul" is through deception so that you "sell yourself out" or are "sold out".

Jesus provides an example in the next verse.

More: Matthew 10:26-27 The fear deception: focus on friends rather than Jesus

More: Matthew 10: 28-31 Taking care of the sparrows

Matthew 10:29 Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father. [kjv]

ουχι δυο στρουθια ασσαριου πωλειται και εν εξ αυτων ου πεσειται επι την γην ανευ του πατρος υμων [gnt]

10:30 But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. [kjv]

υμων δε και αι τριχες της κεφαλης πασαι ηριθμημεναι εισιν [gnt]

10:31 Fear ye not therefore, ye are of more value than many sparrows. [kjv]

μη ουν φοβεισθε πολλων στρουθιων διαφερετε υμεις [gnt]

Discuss: [killing me softly with his song]

How might "sparrows" (birds of the evil one) deceive to "destroy the soul" in order to achieve "earthly gain" (money) by "selling out"?
Do "sparrows" succeed because those being deceived do not "understand"? This is what Jesus says of the birds in the Parable of the Sower in Matthew 13.
Have those "deceived" separated themselves from the love of Christ?

More: Matthew 10: 28-31 Taking care of the sparrows

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

If what Paul says follows from what Jesus says, then the following should have to do with deception and not direct opposition.

"principalities"
"powers"
"rulers" of "darkness" of this "world".
"spiritual" "wickedness" in "high places".

In general, religious institutions that might be using deception would tend to not translate words or ideas correctly that have to do with deception.

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

For comparison, the Geneva Bible (1857) says the following:

Ephesians 6:12: For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, and against the worldly gouernours, the princes of the darkenesse of this worlde, against spirituall wickednesses, which are in ye hie places. Geneva Bible of 1857

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

A key to understanding this verse is the ancient Greek word "πρός" ≈ "to, towards" Paul uses this word five times in this verse. In the accusative, one is taking something "to" or "towards" something (else) which can be, in context, in the sense of "against".

We need to take the game to them.

Paul appears to be saying that instead of just scoring points to hopefully win the game, we need to thoroughly understand the competition. This is line with military commanders, throughout history, studying the opposing generals in order to get an edge. One way sports teams do this is to study film.

*G3823 *1 πάλη (pal'-ay) : from pallo (to vibrate; another form for G906); wrestling:--+ wrestle.

Usage

All

παλη

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh ...

*G3823 *1 πάλη (pal'-ay) : from pallo (to vibrate; another form for G906); wrestling:--+ wrestle.

Words: παλη=1

The ancient Greek word "πάλη" ≈ "wrestling, fight" is from the ancient Greek word "πάλλω" ≈ "poise or sway a missile" as in before it is thrown or to brandish a weapon.

English: For we wrestle (verb) not ...
Greek: Because our the wrestle (noun) is not ...

Ephesians 6:12
Strong	Used	Unique	Word	Part of speech

The noun form appears to be needed to make certain play on word meanings work. The verb form would not have the same effect.

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

Professional wrestling types of organizations.

MMA (Mixed Martial Arts) is a full-contact combat sport based on striking, grappling and ground fighting.
WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment) is, as the name suggest, an "entertainment" venture for "profit".

Discuss: What aspects of your church, if any, might be considered an "entertainment" venture (e.g., fill the pews, etc.) for "profit"? At least, to fund the nests for any birds who reside in that tree. Note: This may or may not apply to your church.

The ancient Greek word "πάλη" ≈ "wrestling, fight" .

Matthew 4:7 Jesus said unto him, It is written again, Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God. [kjv]

εφη αυτω ο ιησους παλιν γεγραπται ουκ εκπειρασεις κυριον τον θεον σου [gnt]

A potential play on words is with the ancient Greek word "πάλιν" ≈ "again, once more" and can mean "back in time" and is related to the ancient Greek word "παλιά" ≈ "old". The modern Greek word "πάλιν" (PA-leen) ≈ "again".

The play on words would relate to something happening "again" or from "ancient times". This is the theme of the start of Romans. Paul uses the word for "old" earlier in Ephesians.

Ephesians 4:22 That ye put off concerning the former conversation the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts; [kjv]

αποθεσθαι υμας κατα την προτεραν αναστροφην τον παλαιον ανθρωπον τον φθειρομενον κατα τας επιθυμιας της απατης [gnt]

More: 2 Peter 2:1-22 Déjà vu all over again

More: Matthew 4:1-11 Examining evil temptations

More: A recent new beginning

Matthew 4:7

All

KJV: Jesus said unto him, It is written again, Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God.

Greek: εφη αυτω ο ιησους παλιν γεγραπται ουκ εκπειρασεις κυριον τον θεον σου

Ephesians 4:22

All

KJV: That ye put off concerning the former conversation the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts;

Greek: αποθεσθαι υμας κατα την προτεραν αναστροφην τον παλαιον ανθρωπον τον φθειρομενον κατα τας επιθυμιας της απατης

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning, origin, sovereignty, authority" and could be the end of a rope, stick, etc., or the corner of a sheet.

base case: "beginning" (curse)

*G746 *54 ἀρχή (ar-khay') : from G756; (properly abstract) a commencement, or (concretely) chief (in various applications of order, time, place, or rank):--beginning, corner, (at the, the) first (estate), magistrate, power, principality, principle, rule.

Words: αρχαι=2 αρχαις=4 αρχας=4 αρχη=12 αρχην=6 αρχης=26

The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning, origin, sovereignty, authority" and could be the end of a rope, stick, etc., or the corner of a sheet.

Genesis 1:16 And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. [kjv]

και εποιησεν ο θεος τους δυο φωστηρας τους μεγαλους τον φωστηρα τον μεγαν εις αρχας της ημερας και τον φωστηρα τον ελασσω εις αρχας της νυκτος και τους αστερας [lxx]

The "greater" light "rules" or "regulates" and also "begins" the "day".
The "lesser" light "rules" or "regulates" and also "begins" the "night".

Genesis 1:16

All

KJV: And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.

Hebrew: ויעש אלהים את שני המארת הגדלים את המאור הגדל לממשלת היום ואת המאור הקטן לממשלת הלילה ואת הכוכבים׃

Greek: και εποιησεν ο θεος τους δυο φωστηρας τους μεγαλους τον φωστηρα τον μεγαν εις αρχας της ημερας και τον φωστηρα τον ελασσω εις αρχας της νυκτος και τους αστερας

Genesis 2:10 And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads. [kjv]

ποταμος δε εκπορευεται εξ εδεμ ποτιζειν τον παραδεισον εκειθεν αφοριζεται εις τεσσαρας αρχας [lxx]

The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning, origin, sovereignty, authority" and could be the end of a rope, stick, etc., or the corner of a sheet.

The ancient Greek word "παράδεισος" ≈ "paradise, enclosed park". The word "paradise" is a Persian word brought into Greek as "peri" (around) the "dise" (enclosed) - or a "garden".

More: Paradise as a garden

Genesis 2:10

All

KJV: And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads.

Hebrew: ונהר יצא מעדן להשקות את הגן ומשם יפרד והיה לארבעה ראשים׃

Greek: ποταμος δε εκπορευεται εξ εδεμ ποτιζειν τον παραδεισον εκειθεν αφοριζεται εις τεσσαρας αρχας

Exodus 39:16 And they made two ouches of gold, and two gold rings; and put the two rings in the two ends of the breastplate. [kjv]

και εποιησαν δυο ασπιδισκας χρυσας και δυο δακτυλιους χρυσους και επεθηκαν τους δυο δακτυλιους τους χρυσους επ αμφοτερας τας αρχας του λογειου [lxx]

The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning, origin, sovereignty, authority" and could be the end of a rope, stick, etc., or the corner of a sheet.

The ancient Greek word "χρυσός" ≈ "gold".

More: A golden cross down to the tee

Exodus 39:16

All

KJV: And they made two ouches of gold, and two gold rings; and put the two rings in the two ends of the breastplate.

Hebrew: ויעשו שתי משבצת זהב ושתי טבעת זהב ויתנו את שתי הטבעת על שני קצות החשן׃

Greek: και εποιησαν δυο ασπιδισκας χρυσας και δυο δακτυλιους χρυσους και επεθηκαν τους δυο δακτυλιους τους χρυσους επ αμφοτερας τας αρχας του λογειου

Acts 10:11 And saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four corners, and let down to the earth: [kjv]

και θεωρει τον ουρανον ανεωγμενον και καταβαινον σκευος τι ως οθονην μεγαλην τεσσαρσιν αρχαις καθιεμενον επι της γης [gnt]

11:5 I was in the city of Joppa praying: and in a trance I saw a vision, A certain vessel descend, as it had been a great sheet, let down from heaven by four corners; and it came even to me: [kjv]

εγω ημην εν πολει ιοππη προσευχομενος και ειδον εν εκστασει οραμα καταβαινον σκευος τι ως οθονην μεγαλην τεσσαρσιν αρχαις καθιεμενην εκ του ουρανου και ηλθεν αχρι εμου [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning, origin, sovereignty, authority" and could be the end of a rope, stick, etc., or the corner of a sheet.

The ancient Greek word "ως" ≈ "as". This indicates that this is a comparison or analogy and not an actual reality.

Acts 10:11

All

KJV: And saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four corners, and let down to the earth:

Greek: και θεωρει τον ουρανον ανεωγμενον και καταβαινον επ αυτον σκευος τι ως οθονην μεγαλην τεσσαρσιν αρχαις δεδεμενον και καθιεμενον επι της γης

Acts 11:5

All

KJV: I was in the city of Joppa praying: and in a trance I saw a vision, A certain vessel descend, as it had been a great sheet, let down from heaven by four corners; and it came even to me:

Greek: εγω ημην εν πολει ιοππη προσευχομενος και ειδον εν εκστασει οραμα καταβαινον σκευος τι ως οθονην μεγαλην τεσσαρσιν αρχαις καθιεμενην εκ του ουρανου και ηλθεν αχρις αχρι εμου

Hebrews 1:10 And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth; and the heavens are the works of thine hands: [kjv]

και συ κατ αρχας κυριε την γην εθεμελιωσας και εργα των χειρων σου εισιν οι ουρανοι [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning, origin, sovereignty, authority" and could be the end of a rope, stick, etc., or the corner of a sheet.

Hebrews 1:10

All

KJV: And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth; and the heavens are the works of thine hands:

Greek: και συ κατ αρχας κυριε την γην εθεμελιωσας και εργα των χειρων σου εισιν οι ουρανοι

Revelation 12:9 And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him. [kjv]

και εβληθη ο δρακων ο μεγας ο οφις ο αρχαιος ο καλουμενος διαβολος και ο σατανας ο πλανων την οικουμενην ολην εβληθη εις την γην και οι αγγελοι αυτου μετ αυτου εβληθησαν [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning, origin, sovereignty, authority" and could be the end of a rope, stick, etc., or the corner of a sheet.

The word for "cast out" is the same word used to describe the situation where an "eye" that deceives or entraps, if not "plucked" out, would result in the entire body being "cast out" into "hell".

More: Matthew 5:29-30 : The ayes came in handy, if not plucked out

Revelation 12:9

All

KJV: And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.

Greek: και εβληθη ο δρακων ο μεγας ο οφις ο αρχαιος ο καλουμενος διαβολος και ο σατανας ο πλανων την οικουμενην ολην εβληθη εις την γην και οι αγγελοι αυτου μετ αυτου εβληθησαν

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἐξουσία" ≈ "possibility, opportunity, lack of restraint (lifestyle)". In context, it can mean "power", "means", "authority", etc. This is the meaning often used in the GNT but the most common definitions provide interesting meanings.

Details are left as a future topic.

*G1849 *102 ἐξουσία (ex-oo-see'-ah) : from G1832 (in the sense of ability); privilege, i.e. (subjectively) force, capacity, competency, freedom, or (objectively) mastery (concretely, magistrate, superhuman, potentate, token of control), delegated influence:--authority, jurisdiction, liberty, power, right, strength.

Words: εξουσια=29 εξουσιαι εξουσιαις=3 εξουσιαν=56 εξουσιας=12 εξουσιων

The ancient Greek word "ἐξουσία" ≈ "possibility, opportunity, lack of restraint (lifestyle)". In context, it can mean "power", "means", "authority", etc. It literally means "out" of the "substance". If you are "out" of your "substance" then you have a sort of "lack of restraint".

"ἐξ" ≈ "out of" and "ουσία" ≈ "substance".
"ἐξουσία" ≈ "possibility, opportunity, lack of restraint (lifestyle)".

Notice how Strongs, as is common, starts with an authentic definition of a Greek word and than dances around to get the definition that was already decided for the verse. Modern Bible Greek experts appear to do the same thing. Think of the story of the emperor with no clothes by Hans Christan Anderson.

More: Matthew 21:24-27 Authoritative lack of restraint

The Greek word for "substance" or "ousia" is used only twice in the GNT - in successive verses in Luke.

Luke 15:12 And the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living. [kjv]

και ειπεν ο νεωτερος αυτων τω πατρι πατερ δος μοι το επιβαλλον μερος της ουσιας ο δε διειλεν αυτοις τον βιον [gnt]

15:13 And not many days after the younger son gathered all together, and took his journey into a far country, and there wasted his substance with riotous living. [kjv]

και μετ ου πολλας ημερας συναγαγων παντα ο νεωτερος υιος απεδημησεν εις χωραν μακραν και εκει διεσκορπισεν την ουσιαν αυτου ζων ασωτως [gnt]

More: Philippians 2:12-13 working things out

Philippians 2:12 … not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, … [kjv]

ωστε αγαπητοι μου καθως παντοτε υπηκουσατε μη ως εν τη παρουσια μου μονον αλλα νυν πολλω μαλλον εν τη απουσια μου μετα φοβου και τρομου την εαυτων σωτηριαν κατεργαζεσθε [gnt]

… oboedistis … praesentia … absentia … operamini [v]

The words for "presence" and "absence" have as a root word a word Aristotle used often as a "substance" of reality. It appears that Paul wanted to use "ousia" twice in this verse, right after the poem that appears to allude to Aristotle's four causes and before using Aristotle's term for "actualization" twice.

The ancient Greek word "ουσία" ≈ "substance"
The ancient Greek word "απουσία" ≈ "absence"
The ancient Greek word "παρουσία" ≈ "presence" which also means "advent" or "coming" as in making a presence known, whereas Latin has a different word for each meaning.

More: Philippians 2:12-13 working things out

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

Paul appears to be making a play on words with "out of " and "substance" or "ousia" as in "out of your substance".

base case: "beginning" (curse)
step case: "out of" the "substance" (from the beginning) as in "lack of restraint" (as in Romans 1) from that "beginning".

These two general ideas (base and step) are somewhat abstract and inductive as in "bottom-up".

Luke 12:11 And when they bring you unto the synagogues, and unto magistrates, and powers, take ye no thought how or what thing ye shall answer, or what ye shall say: [kjv]

οταν δε εισφερωσιν υμας επι τας συναγωγας και τας αρχας και τας εξουσιας μη μεριμνησητε πως η τι απολογησησθε η τι ειπητε [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning, origin, sovereignty, authority" and could be the end of a rope, stick, etc., or the corner of a sheet.

The ancient Greek word "ἐξουσία" ≈ "possibility, opportunity, lack of restraint (lifestyle)". In context, it can mean "power", "means", "authority", etc.

Note: Some pastors may use this as an excuse not to prepare a sermon. This is part of the story of the origin of Jingle Bells.

More: Song: Jingle Bells

Luke 12:11

All

KJV: And when they bring you unto the synagogues, and unto magistrates, and powers, take ye no thought how or what thing ye shall answer, or what ye shall say:

Greek: οταν δε προσφερωσιν εισφερωσιν υμας επι τας συναγωγας και τας αρχας και τας εξουσιας μη μεριμνατε μεριμνησητε πως η τι απολογησησθε η τι ειπητε

Colossians 2:15 And having spoiled principalities and powers, he made a shew of them openly, triumphing over them in it. [kjv]

απεκδυσαμενος τας αρχας και τας εξουσιας εδειγματισεν εν παρρησια θριαμβευσας αυτους εν αυτω [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning, origin, sovereignty, authority" and could be the end of a rope, stick, etc., or the corner of a sheet.

The ancient Greek word "ἐξουσία" ≈ "possibility, opportunity, lack of restraint (lifestyle)". In context, it can mean "power", "means", "authority", etc.

More: Colossians 1:1-29

Colossians 1:16 For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him: [kjv]

οτι εν αυτω εκτισθη τα παντα εν τοις ουρανοις και επι της γης τα ορατα και τα αορατα ειτε θρονοι ειτε κυριοτητες ειτε αρχαι ειτε εξουσιαι τα παντα δι αυτου και εις αυτον εκτισται [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning, origin, sovereignty, authority" and could be the end of a rope, stick, etc., or the corner of a sheet.

The ancient Greek word "ἐξουσία" ≈ "possibility, opportunity, lack of restraint (lifestyle)". In context, it can mean "power", "means", "authority", etc.

The Greek word translated as "by" is that of "through".
The Greek word translated as "for" is that of "into/against".
The Greek word translated as "all" is that of "all" in context, usually what has just been mentioned around the "all".

More: Colossians 1:1-29

Titus 3:1 Put them in mind to be subject to principalities and powers, to obey magistrates, to be ready to every good work, [kjv]

υπομιμνησκε αυτους αρχαις εξουσιαις υποτασσεσθαι πειθαρχειν προς παν εργον αγαθον ετοιμους ειναι [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning, origin, sovereignty, authority" and could be the end of a rope, stick, etc., or the corner of a sheet.

The ancient Greek word "ἐξουσία" ≈ "possibility, opportunity, lack of restraint (lifestyle)". In context, it can mean "power", "means", "authority", etc.

Titus 3:1

All

KJV: Put them in mind to be subject to principalities and powers, to obey magistrates, to be ready to every good work,

Greek: υπομιμνησκε αυτους αρχαις και εξουσιαις υποτασσεσθαι πειθαρχειν προς παν εργον αγαθον ετοιμους ειναι

Daniel 7:27 And the kingdom and dominion, and the greatness of the kingdom under the whole heaven, shall be given to the people of the saints of the most High, whose kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and all dominions shall serve and obey him. [kjv]

και η βασιλεια και η εξουσια και η μεγαλωσυνη των βασιλεων των υποκατω παντος του ουρανου εδοθη αγιοις υψιστου και η βασιλεια αυτου βασιλεια αιωνιος και πασαι αι αρχαι αυτω δουλευσουσιν και υπακουσονται [lxx]

And the kingdom and the power and the greatness of the kings that are under the whole heaven were given to the saints of the Most High; and his kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and all powers shall serve and obey him. [bs3]

The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning, origin, sovereignty, authority" and could be the end of a rope, stick, etc., or the corner of a sheet.

The ancient Greek word "ἐξουσία" ≈ "possibility, opportunity, lack of restraint (lifestyle)". In context, it can mean "power", "means", "authority", etc.

Daniel 7:27

All

KJV: And the kingdom and dominion, and the greatness of the kingdom under the whole heaven, shall be given to the people of the saints of the most High, whose kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and all dominions shall serve and obey him.

Hebrew: ומלכותה ושלטנא ורבותא די מלכות תחות כל שמיא יהיבת לעם קדישי עליונין מלכותה מלכות עלם וכל שלטניא לה יפלחון וישתמעון׃

Greek: και η βασιλεια και η εξουσια και η μεγαλωσυνη των βασιλεων των υποκατω παντος του ουρανου εδοθη αγιοις υψιστου και η βασιλεια αυτου βασιλεια αιωνιος και πασαι αι αρχαι αυτω δουλευσουσιν και υπακουσονται

Brenton: And the kingdom and the power and the greatness of the kings that are under the whole heaven were given to the saints of the Most High; and his kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and all powers shall serve and obey him.

Ephesians 6:10 Finally, my brethren, be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might. [kjv]

του λοιπου ενδυναμουσθε εν κυριω και εν τω κρατει της ισχυος αυτου [gnt]

The Greek word for "strong" here is that of being "clothed" or "endowed" or "empowered" with something, as in the "power of his might".

The ancient Greek word "ἐνδύνω" ≈ "get into, put on (clothes)" and comes from two Greek words.

"ἐν" ≈ "in" as an intensifier.
"δύνω" ≈ "get into, put on (clothes)".

More: Ephesians 6: Defending the full armor of God

Ephesians 6:10 Finally, my brethren, be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might. [kjv]

του λοιπου ενδυναμουσθε εν κυριω και εν τω κρατει της ισχυος αυτου [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "κράτος" ≈ "might, strength" and is the source of the English word "democracy". The Latin uses the Latin word "potentia" ≈ "power" and is the source of the English word "potential".

The ancient Greek word"ἰσχυρός" ≈ "strong, mighty". This word is used to describe the "strong man" of the world (Satan) and the "healthy" using this Greek word for "strong" who do not "want" a "healer" or "doctor".

More: Democracy etymology

More: Matthew 12:29 Snatching the raptured goods from the strong man

More: Matthew 9:8-13 The healthy make a strong case for evil sick time

More: Ephesians 6: Defending the full armor of God

*G2888 *1 κοσμοκράτωρ (kos-mok-fat'-ore) : from G2889 and G2902; a world-ruler, an epithet of Satan:--ruler.

Usage

All

κοσμοκρατορας

Ephesians 6:12 ... against powers, agains t the rulers of the darkness of this world, ...

The ancient Greek word "κρατύς" ≈ "strong".

*G2888 *1 κοσμοκράτωρ (kos-mok-fat'-ore) : from G2889 and G2902; a world-ruler, an epithet of Satan:--ruler.

Words: κοσμοκρατορας=1

The "rulers of darkness of this world" is, in the Greek, literally, the "power" of the "cosmos" (people) of "darkness". The "darkness" of "false light" looks, in a physical sense, just like "true light". That the "darkness" does not understand means that the "darkness" is an intelligent entity.

In a sense, the Greek word made up by Paul and whose parts are "people (adornments of the world) power", is semantically the same as "democracy" or "power of the people".

Discuss: Why might this word be attributed to some esoteric Satanic power when the manifestation comes much closer to home?

More: The adornment of people in the cosmos

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

In a sense, the Greek word made up by Paul and whose parts are "people (adornments of the world) power", is semantically the same as "democracy" or "power of the people".

This word is similar in composition of sub-words to the "Nicolaitans" in Revelation which means, literally, "victory of the people" and is similar to the "Nicholas" in "Saint Nicholas" or "Santa Claus".

When Jesus is tempted, Satan offers him the kingdoms of this earthly world. Jesus does not contest that claim. Satan is the ruler, or strong man, of this world.

More: The doctrine of Santa Claus

More: Matthew 12:29 Snatching the raptured goods from the strong man

This "people power" is sometimes explicit control but often it is implicit as in the "deep state" where each person does what is "right in their eyes" and does what will be to their benefit and not the good of the people in general. This can be better understood using the "prisoner's dilemma" problem in "game theory".

Details are left as a future topic.

More: The deep state is everywhere

More: Hannah Arendt

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

Like the other parts of the military analogies in Ephesians 6, each conclusion statement can be traced to one or more things that Paul says previously in the letter.

Here, we just look at part of the above reference in Ephesians 4:14. These are some of the evil forces of darkness and some of the darts of the devil. Deception is a primary weapon that can surprise us in our stand.

More: Ephesians 6: Defending the full armor of God

Ephesians 4:14 That we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive; [kjv]

ινα μηκετι ωμεν νηπιοι κλυδωνιζομενοι και περιφερομενοι παντι ανεμω της διδασκαλιας εν τη κυβεια των ανθρωπων εν πανουργια προς την μεθοδειαν της πλανης [gnt]

Paul talks of deception in various ways in Ephesians 4:14. The ancient Greek word "μέθοδος" ≈ "following after, pursuit, trick, ruse" and is used here for as "deception". The KJV (King James Version) translates this as "lie in wait". Who are the "they"?

The ancient Greek word "πλάνη" ≈ "wandering, roaming" and, figuratively, "going astray" or "in error". as in wandering off-target.

The ancient Greek word "πανοῦργος" ≈ "ready to try anything" and is often translated as "crafty".

More: Ready to try anything crafty

Ephesians 4:14 That we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive; [kjv]

ινα μηκετι ωμεν νηπιοι κλυδωνιζομενοι και περιφερομενοι παντι ανεμω της διδασκαλιας εν τη κυβεια των ανθρωπων εν πανουργια προς την μεθοδειαν της πλανης [gnt]

The following is conducive to a play on words in the Greek. Paul appears to do this once in Ephesians 4:14. The Greek for "doctrine" is that of "teaching".

"ἄνεμος" ≈ "wind, breeze, gale" and often used in verses with Satan or the devil as "accuser" throwing/breathing accusations.
"ἄνομος" ≈ "without law" which could be "lawless", "impious", "unmusical", "illegal", etc.
English: ... carried about by every wind of teaching.
Play on words: ... carried about by every without-law teaching.

Any teaching that goes against "Loving God" or "Loving neighbor as yourself" would be "without-law" or "against-law".

More: Ephesians 6: Defending the full armor of God

More: An unlawful wind as an air of the spirit

Ephesians 3:10 To the intent that now unto the principalities and powers in heavenly places might be known by the church the manifold wisdom of God, [kjv]

ινα γνωρισθη νυν ταις αρχαις και ταις εξουσιαις εν τοις επουρανιοις δια της εκκλησιας η πολυποικιλος σοφια του θεου [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἀρχή" ≈ "beginning, origin, sovereignty, authority" and could be the end of a rope, stick, etc., or the corner of a sheet.

The ancient Greek word "ἐξουσία" ≈ "possibility, opportunity, lack of restraint (lifestyle)". In context, it can mean "power", "means", "authority", etc.

What is translated (correctly) here as "heavenly places" in chapter 3 is translated in chapter 6 as (somewhat unclear) "high places".

Ephesians 3:10

All

KJV: To the intent that now unto the principalities and powers in heavenly places might be known by the church the manifold wisdom of God,

Greek: ινα γνωρισθη νυν ταις αρχαις και ταις εξουσιαις εν τοις επουρανιοις δια της εκκλησιας η πολυποικιλος σοφια του θεου

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

The Greek for "spiritual" is that of the "Holy" in "Holy Spirit".

The Greek for "wickedness" is that of "evil" as in "oppression". In spiritual terms, this would be a "yoke of oppression".

More: Overly burdened in the cares and concerns of evil

More: Evil training is toilsome work: no pain no gain

More: Matthew 9:8-13 The healthy make a strong case for evil sick time

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

The word here translated as "high places" is in other places translated as "heaven", "heavenly places", etc.

This tends to indicate that the "spiritual" "wickedness" is in religious establishments in "heavenly places" and not in the secular powers of the world which is covered in the "rulers" of "darkness".

*G2032 *19 ἐπουράνιος (ep-oo-ran'-ee-os) : from G1909 and G3772; above the sky:--celestial, (in) heaven(-ly), high.

Usage

All

επουρανιοις *5

Ephesians 1:3 ... spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ:
Ephesians 1:20 ... his own right hand in the heavenly places,
Ephesians 2:6 ... made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus:
Ephesians 3:10 ... and powers in heavenly places might be known by the church ...
Ephesians 6:12 ... spiritual wickedness in high places.

επουρανιου *4

1 Corinthians 15:49 ... also bear the image of the heavenly.
Hebrews 3:1 Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle ...
Hebrews 6:4 ... and have tasted of the heavenly gift, and were made ...
Hebrews 11:16 ... a better country, that is, an heavenly: wherefore God is ...

επουρανια *3

John 3:12 ... if I tell you of heavenly things?
1 Corinthians 15:40 There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial: but the glory of the celestial is one, ...
Hebrews 9:23 ... should be purified with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better ...

επουρανιων *3

1 Corinthians 15:40 There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial: but the glory of the celestial is one, ...
Philippians 2:10 ... knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, ...
Hebrews 8:5 ... unto the example and shadow of heavenly things, as Moses was admonished of God ...

επουρανιος

1 Corinthians 15:48 ... and as is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly.

επουρανιοι

1 Corinthians 15:48 ... and as is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly.

επουρανιον

2 Timothy 4:18 ... will preserve me unto his heavenly kingdom: to whom be glory ...

επουρανιω

Hebrews 12:22 ... living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to an innumerable company of angels,

*G2032 *19 ἐπουράνιος (ep-oo-ran'-ee-os) : from G1909 and G3772; above the sky:--celestial, (in) heaven(-ly), high.

Words: επουρανια=3 επουρανιοι επουρανιοις=5 επουρανιον επουρανιος επουρανιου=4 επουρανιω επουρανιων=3

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

After two abstract ideas, Paul has presented two more examples that are more concrete and deductive as in "top-down".

External threat: Secular power and evil (oppression) with "darkness".
Internal threat: Religious power and evil (oppression) with "false light".

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

Summary of the opposition (not some long ago and far away esoteric evil):

"wrestle" is a play on words with "again" and "of old".
"against" is that of "to" as in taking it "to" the opposition.

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

"principalities" or "of old": generic evil at the start after the fall of the creation (base case)
"powers" or "lack of restraint": generic powers since the fall of the creation (step case)
"rulers" or "people power" of "darkness" of this (singular): civil governments (external threat)
"wickedness" or "oppression" in "high places" or "heavenly places": religious institutions (internal threat)

[Roman times, Nazi times, modern times (e.g., certain theologians), etc.]

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

*	Masc. Sing.	Masc. Plural	Fem. Sing.	Fem. Plural	Neuter Sing.	Neuter Plural
Nom.	οὐτὁς	οὐτοί	αὐτἡ	αὐταί	τοὐτό	ταὐτά
Gen.	τοὐτοῦ	τοὐτῶν	ταὐτῆς	τοὐτῶν	τοὐτοῦ	τοὐτῶν
Dat.	τοὐτῷ	τοὐτοῖς	ταὐτῇ	ταὐταῖς	τοὐτῷ	τοὐτοῖς
Acc.	τοὐτόν	τοὐτούς	ταὐτήν	ταὐτάς	τοὐτό	ταὐτά

The ancient Greek word "τούτου" ≈ "(of) this". The TR (Textus Receptus) adds "world" as the (assumed) masculine singular word for "(of) this"
Darkness is neuter singular. Greek: ... of this darkness .... What darkness? Did Paul talk of this before?

Ephesians 6:11 Put on the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. [kjv]

ενδυσασθε την πανοπλιαν του θεου προς το δυνασθαι υμας στηναι προς τας μεθοδειας του διαβολου [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "μέθοδος" ≈ "following after, pursuit, trick/ruse" and is the source of the English word "method"

"μετά" ≈ "after, with".
"ὁδός" ≈ "threshold, way, trip" as in the last part of "exodus".

The "wiles" of the "devil" might be thought of as the "methods" of the "devil" as in a trap to deceive those. In both cases in Ephesians, the word for "method" is not used in a positive light. Deception has been an important part of military operations since time began. The Greek word translated "that" and then as "against" is that of "towards" or "in the direction of".

This analogy would be familiar to any soldier of the time as deception was common in military operations. Alexander the Great made great use of deception since he usually had a much smaller force than his opponents. The Romans were deceived at a devastating ambush at Teuteburg Forest about 9 A.D.

More: Streets: Flowing after a path into a plaza

More: Think after what you heard and repent

More: Ephesians 6: Defending the full armor of God

Matthew 24:49 And shall begin to smite his fellowservants, and to eat and drink with the drunken; [kjv]

και αρξηται τυπτειν τους συνδουλους αυτου εσθιη δε και πινη μετα των μεθυοντων [gnt]

"μεθυόντων" ≈ "drunken".
"μεθόδων" ≈ "following after, pursuit, trick, ruse" and the source of the English word "method".

Greek: ... and to eat and drink after the drunken.
Play: ... and to eat and drink after the trick/ruse.

To chemists, alcohol is not a problem. It is a solution!

More: Matthew 24:43-51 Parable of the evil servant

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

An important word will now be revisited. The ancient Greek word "προς" ≈ "to, towards" as "in the direction of". A context is needed for "against".

How does the meaning change if "against", if context permits, is changed to the most common meaning of "in the direction of"?

Ephesians 6:12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. [kjv]

οτι ουκ εστιν ημιν η παλη προς αιμα και σαρκα αλλα προς τας αρχας προς τας εξουσιας προς τους κοσμοκρατορας του σκοτους τουτου προς τα πνευματικα της πονηριας εν τοις επουρανιοις [gnt]

Greek (word order): That not is to us the wrestle (fight/struggle) [again] in the direction of blood and flesh but (on the other hand) (the wrestle (fight/struggle) [again] is) in the direction of the beginnings in the direction of the lack of restraints in the direction of the world/people power of darkness of this in the direction of the spirit of evil/oppression in the on-heavens (church structure).

Paul appears to assume some form of church structure, a structure that did not come into being until years after Paul would have written Ephesians.