The weeping and the gnashing of the teeth

Matthew 13:50 And shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

The idiom of the "weeping" and the "gnashing" of the "teeth" appears in the Bible. This phrase appears 9 times in the GNT (Greek New Testament) and 5 times in the LXX (Septuagint). In the LXX the phrase appears to be related to "anger" against someone else. Translations omit the definite article before each of the nouns.

Jesus: The weeping and the gnashing of the teeth.
KJV (King James Version): weeping and gnashing of teeth.

The phrase appears to have a more restricted meaning when used by Jesus in the GNT in that it appears to be "anger" against oneself as in "regret" in a counterfactual sense. This is in a similar sense of how Jesus use the word "offend" as "entrap" in the sense of "misinterpret".

It appears that the phrase "gnashing" of "teeth" has to do with someone who "thought" they were correct but gets surprised. This idea appears on the narrow and wide gates, the parable of the sheep and goats, etc. Let us investigate.

[gristmills]

More: Matthew 11:6: Idiomatic misinterpretations that offend

Those sitting down with Abraham (Matthew and Luke)

Luke 13:28 There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets, in the kingdom of God, and you yourselves thrust out. [kjv]

Matthew 8:12 But the children of the kingdom shall be cast out into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

KP2 Weeds at the harvest at the end of the age furnace of fire

13:42 And shall cast them into a furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και βαλουσιν αυτους εις την καμινον του πυρος εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

KP7 Wicked at the harvest at the end of the age furnace of fire

13:50 And shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

One without garment at the wedding feast outer darkness

Matthew 22:13 Then said the king to the servants, Bind him hand and foot, and take him away, and cast him into outer darkness; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

Ungrateful/evil servant with hypocrites

24:51 And shall cut him asunder, and appoint him his portion with the hypocrites: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

One with one talent in the ground/earth/sand outer darkness

25:30 And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

[other furnaces of fires and outer darkness]

Query: bible meaning of weeping and gnashing of teeth

Microsoft Copilot Answer: (as of 2025-07-28)

"Weeping and gnashing of teeth" is a phrase used by Jesus to describe the suffering in hell. It is often used to describe the eternal fate of those who do not repent of their sin in order to be included in the kingdom of heaven. The concept of being hurled into "outer darkness," along with "weeping and gnashing of teeth," is a common expression used by Jesus to describe God's eternal judgment. The Bible tells us about the gnashing of teeth to warn us of what will happen if we choose to reject Christ and not place faith in Him. BibleRef.com

Query: bible meaning of weeping and gnashing of teeth

Perplexity AI: (as of 2025-07-28) (topmost results, references omitted)

In the Bible, "weeping and gnashing of teeth" is a phrase used primarily in the New Testament, especially by Jesus in the Gospels, to describe the anguish, regret, and torment of those excluded from God's kingdom at the final judgment.

"Weeping" signifies deep sorrow, remorse, and despair, while "gnashing of teeth" refers to expressions of extreme anguish, frustration, or even rage - often in response to pain or regret from being shut out of God's blessings. The imagery is vivid in passages like Matthew 8:12 and Matthew 13:42, where it represents the fate of the unrighteous - "cast into outer darkness" or the "fiery furnace" - as a result of rejecting God's offer of salvation.

Matthew	Context	Fate	Luke
8:12	Those not sitting with Abraham	outer darkness	13:28
13:42	*KP2: weeds at end of age harvest	furnace of fire
13:50	*KP7: wicked at end of age harvest	furnace of fire
22:13	One without garment at wedding feast	outer darkness
24:51	Ungrateful/evil servant	with hypocrites
25:30	One with talent in the ground/sand	outer darkness

The "with hypocrites" appear to fit with the "furnace of fire"

What might the phrase used by Jesus mean?
What might be the common factors in the grouped fates?
Might it have more than one meaning?

*KP = Kingdom Parable (Matthew 13)

More: Parables and secret codes used and explained by Jesus

Matthew	Context	Fate	Luke
13:42	*KP2: weeds at end of age harvest	furnace of fire
13:50	*KP7: wicked at end of age harvest	furnace of fire
24:51	Ungrateful/evil servant	with hypocrites
8:12	Those not sitting with Abraham	outer darkness	13:28
22:13	One without garment at wedding feast	outer darkness
25:30	One with talent in the ground/sand	outer darkness

The general idea of "the weeping and gnashing of teeth" appears 9 times in the GNT.

Once in Acts by Luke.
Once in Mark but using a different Greek word.
Once in Luke mirroring one of the verses in Matthew.
Six times in Matthew, all by Jesus.

In Matthew, Jesus uses the same combined and exact phrase "the weeping and gnashing of teeth". The "gnashing" in Acts and Mark do not use the same exact word as Jesus uses. The exact words for "weeping", "gnashing" and "teeth" are unique in the GNT, LXX and elsewhere. This hints that they may be play on words.

Is the "gnashing" of the "teeth" to be done "tongue" in "cheek" or "tongue" in "teeth"? Or should it be "tongue" in "check"?

The same idea appears many times in the HOT (Hebrew Old Testament). Jesus often uses ideas that appear in the HOT as a distractor so one must first look at exactly what Jesus says in the context in which he says it. Only then should one see if any similar idea in the HOT applies to what Jesus has said.

[no unnecessary assumptions]

In many cases, the Hebrew correspondence may be a distractor and irrelevant to the code word meaning of what Jesus is saying. If the word used were "elephant", some would blindly insist on deriving the meaning from a literal "elephant". However, it may be "irreliphant" as some code words may be in play (as play on words).

A similar distraction happens with the "salt" of the "earth" verse in Matthew 5:13 where physical properties of "salt" are used at length in many sermons. The play on words of the Greek word for "salt" with "threshing floor" (which is the source of the word "halo") makes a lot more sense in the context of what Jesus is saying.

Go into a corner and try not to think of a pink elephant.

More: Matthew 5:13: Salt of the earth

More: Belief issues and reader response

*G2799 *40 κλαίω (klah'-yo) : of uncertain affinity; to sob, i.e. wail aloud (whereas G1145 is rather to cry silently):--bewail, weep.

*G2805 *9 κλαυθμός (klowth-mos') : from G2799; lamentation:--wailing, weeping, X wept.

Words: κλαυθμος=9

The ancient Greek word "κλαυθμός" ≈ "(act of) weeping, wailing" from "κλαίω" ≈ "cry, weep".

The ancient Greek suffix "μος" ≈ "-ing, -ness, etc." acts to take a verb, such as "weep" and change it into a noun such as "weeping".

This can be done with any verb and is sometimes used in making play on words from verbs that do not normally have such an ending. The same can happen with nouns such as running, swimming and tennising.

*G2805 *9 κλαυθμός (klowth-mos') : from G2799; lamentation:--wailing, weeping, X wept.

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κλαυθμος *9

Matthew 2:18 ... heard, lamentation, and weeping, and great mourning, ...
Matthew 8:12 ... darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 13:42 ... of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 13:50 ... of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 22:13 ... darkness; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 24:51 ... the hypocrites: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 25:30 ... darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Luke 13:28 There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, ...
Acts 20:37 And they all wept sore, and fell on ...

Matthew 2:18 In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation, and weeping, and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children, and would not be comforted, because they are not. [kjv]

φωνη εν ραμα ηκουσθη κλαυθμος και οδυρμος πολυς ραχηλ κλαιουσα τα τεκνα αυτης και ουκ ηθελεν παρακληθηναι οτι ουκ εισιν [gnt]

Rama was one of the departure points for those deported to Babylon, the last place where mothers might see their sons. For many, this exile was their new home. Most settled there and never returned. Eventually, everyone needs to depart this world.
[peaceful exportation - Daniel, friends, etc.]
[less peaceful exportation - general population]
[70 years, many never returned, Hebrew to Aramaic, Bethlehem of Ephrata]

For many, this exile was their new home. Most settled there and never returned.

More: Matthew 2:12-23 Flight to and return from Egypt

Matthew 2:17 Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremy the prophet, saying, [kjv]

τοτε επληρωθη το ρηθεν δια ιερεμιου του προφητου λεγοντος [gnt]

2:18 In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation, and weeping, and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children, and would not be comforted, because they are not. [kjv]

The exact Greek word Jesus used for "weeping" is only used elsewhere in Matthew in describing the aftermath of Herod's destruction of the small children in Bethlehem as an attempt to destroy the baby Jesus.

The Greek word translated as "comforted" is that of "beyond calling".

More: Matthew 2:12-23 Flight to and return from Egypt

Acts 20:37 And they all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck, and kissed him, [kjv]

ικανος δε κλαυθμος εγενετο παντων και επιπεσοντες επι τον τραχηλον του παυλου κατεφιλουν αυτον [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἐπί" ≈ "on, upon" as in the prefix of the English word "epicenter" which is, literally, "on the center".

Note the Greek prefix for "on" is also used as the prefix for the verb "fall on". These two words are, literally, "on -falling on".

They are surely "weeping" but do not call them Shirley. [Movie: Airplane]

[gates]

Acts 20:37

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KJV: And they all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck, and kissed him,

Greek: ικανος δε εγενετο κλαυθμος εγενετο παντων και επιπεσοντες επι τον τραχηλον του παυλου κατεφιλουν αυτον

*G1030 *7 βρυγμός (broog-mos') : from G1031; a grating (of the teeth):--gnashing.

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βρυγμος *7

Matthew 8:12 ... shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 13:42 ... shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 13:50 ... shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 22:13 ... shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 24:51 ... shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 25:30 ... shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Luke 13:28 There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see ...

Words: βρυγμος=7

The ancient Greek word "βρυγμός" ≈ "gnashing".

More: Onomatopoeia: sounds as words

The English word "gnashing" does not quite express the idea (unless one uses a hard "g" sound), but the ancient Greek word "βρυγμός" ≈ "gnashing". The modern Greek word "βρύγμος" (VREE-gmos) ≈ "gnashing". Try saying it a few times - fast.

Many words that came into English with Germanic roots or Greek roots go back to a PIE (Proto Indo-European) source.

gnash
know (Greek with K)
knight
knife (Scottish still pronounce the K and the G in right)
gnostic (Greek with G)

In English, the "gn" sound changed to "n" while the "kn" sound changed to "k". That is, the "g" or "k" became silent. The "g" sound becoming as "y" or becoming silent was a more general phenomena.

More: Germanic g to English y

*G1029 *1 βρόχος (brokh'-os) : of uncertain derivation; a noose:--snare.

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βροχον

1 Corinthians 7:35 ... not that I may cast a snare upon you, but for ...

Words: βροχον=1

The ancient Greek word "βρόχος" ≈ "noose, snare for birds" which might be expressed as "βρόχμος" ≈ "snare-ness". As such, this word is a possible play on words with the ancient Greek word "βρυγμός" ≈ "gnashing".

Many cheap "birds" are beyond helping and taking such a "bird" to the bird doctor may be a lost caws.

1 Corinthians 7:35 And this I speak for your own profit; not that I may cast a snare upon you, but for that which is comely, and that ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction. [kjv]

τουτο δε προς το υμων αυτων συμφορον λεγω ουχ ινα βροχον υμιν επιβαλω αλλα προς το ευσχημον και ευπαρεδρον τω κυριω απερισπαστως [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "βρόχος" ≈ "noose, snare for birds".

Is Paul casting a "net" or "snare" for the "birds"? Paul uses the ancient Greek word "σύμφορος" ≈ "useful, profitable, expedient, suitable". This word is often confused with a different and older Attic Greek word "σύμφορος" ≈ "useful, profitable, expedient".

The TR (Textus Receptus) sometimes changes the (different) word for "bring together" with the word for "useful", "profitable", etc. The ancient Greek word "συμφέρω" ≈ "bring together, work with, to be carried along with" and means, literally, "carry together".

More: Bringing together an expedient analogy

Proverbs 1:17 Surely in vain the net is spread in the sight of any bird. [kjv]

ου γαρ αδικως εκτεινεται δικτυα πτερωτοις [lxx]

for nets are not without cause spread for birds. [bs3]

The Epistle of Barnabas interprets birds and nets from Proverbs 1:17 in the LXX. Both use the Greek word for "bird" that emphasizes the "wing".

A bird net works much better if there is some food on which the birds desire to eat. It might be "deceptive" food.

English: Now the scripture says: "Not unjustly are nets spread out for the birds". This means that people deserve to perish if, having knowledge of the way of righteousness, they ensnare themselves in the way of darkness. (1.4, Holmes, p. 393)

Greek: [1.4] λέγει δὲ ἡ γραφή Οὐκ ἀδίκως ἐκτείνεται δίκτυα πτερωτοῖς. τοῦτο λέγει, ὅτι δικαιως ἀπολεῖται ἄνθρωπος, ὃς ἔχων ὁδοῦ δικαιοσύνης γνῶσιν ἑαυτὸν εἰς ὁδὸν σκότους ἀποσυνέχει.

More: The taste of false teaching

More: Epistle of Barnabas

1 Corinthians 7:35 And this I speak for your own profit; not that I may cast a snare upon you, but for that which is comely, and that ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction. [kjv]

The ancient Greek word "βρόχος" ≈ "noose, snare for birds".

At the risk of being "stoned", Paul would not shy away from attempting to fill the hunger for righteousness of "birds" with living "bread".

Why did Paul give his pastry (pastory) to a couple of pigeons?

He could then fill two birds with one scone!

More: Matthew 23:6-12 Taking it to the birds

More: Flipping the pigeon bird as reality or perception

1 Corinthians 7:35

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KJV: And this I speak for your own profit; not that I may cast a snare upon you, but for that which is comely, and that ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction.

Greek: τουτο δε προς το υμων αυτων συμφερον συμφορον λεγω ουχ ινα βροχον υμιν επιβαλω αλλα προς το ευσχημον και ευπροσεδρον ευπαρεδρον τω κυριω απερισπαστως

*G3599 *12 ὀδούς (od-ooce) : perhaps from the base of G2068; a "tooth":--tooth.

Words: οδοντα οδοντας=2 οδοντες οδοντος οδοντων=7

The ancient Greek word "ὀδούς" ≈ "tooth, tusk" and is the source of the English word "dental" and the last part of "orthodontist".

[elephant teeth as ivory]

The ancient Greek word "ὀδούς" ≈ "tooth, tusk" and is the source of the English word "dental" and the last part of "orthodontist".

It is not uncommon for ancient Greek words to lose the leading omicron "ο" in the corresponding modern Greek word.

The modern Greek word for tooth is "δόντι" (THON-tee) ≈ "tooth".

More: More or less about adding or dropping letters

The hymn "Crown Him with many crowns" is a favorite hymn of dentists.

I need to tell you this due to "tooth in advertising" laws.
Brush up on your Bible studies or you will have truth decay.

Music: Crown Him with many crowns

More: Song: Crown Him with many crowns

*G3599 *12 ὀδούς (od-ooce) : perhaps from the base of G2068; a "tooth":--tooth.

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οδοντων *7 of 12

Matthew 8:12 ... weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 13:42 ... wailing and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 13:50 ... wailing and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 22:13 ... weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 24:51 ... weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 25:30 ... weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Luke 13:28 ... weeping and gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see Abraham, ...

οδοντας *2 of 12

Mark 9:18 ... and gnasheth with his teeth, and pineth away: ...
Acts 7:54 ... on him with their teeth.

Acts 7:54 When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed on him with their teeth. [kjv]

ακουοντες δε ταυτα διεπριοντο ταις καρδιαις αυτων και εβρυχον τους οδοντας επ αυτον [gnt]

This verse describes the reaction of the religious establishment after hearing what Stephen had to say. Steven had a four-part analogy of the form "A" is to "B" as "C" is to "D". They see where he is going and stop him after "C". He is then stoned to death while Saul, later Paul, holds the garments of those doing the stoning.

The "gnashing" of the "teeth" in this verses is in a literal sense.

Acts 7:54

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KJV: When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed on him with their teeth.

Greek: ακουοντες δε ταυτα διεπριοντο ταις καρδιαις αυτων και εβρυχον τους οδοντας επ αυτον

Mark 9:18 And wheresoever he taketh him, he teareth him: and he foameth, and gnasheth with his teeth, and pineth away: and I spake to thy disciples that they should cast him out; and they could not. [kjv]

και οπου εαν αυτον καταλαβη ρησσει αυτον και αφριζει και τριζει τους οδοντας και ξηραινεται και ειπα τοις μαθηταις σου ινα αυτο εκβαλωσιν και ουκ ισχυσαν [gnt]

This verse does not use the idiom for "gnashing" of "teeth". Rather, it is a "grinding" of "teeth" in a more literal sense.

Mark 9:18

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KJV: And wheresoever he taketh him, he teareth him: and he foameth, and gnasheth with his teeth, and pineth away: and I spake to thy disciples that they should cast him out; and they could not.

Greek: και οπου αν εαν αυτον καταλαβη ρησσει αυτον και αφριζει και τριζει τους οδοντας αυτου και ξηραινεται και ειπον ειπα τοις μαθηταις σου ινα αυτο εκβαλωσιν και ουκ ισχυσαν

2 Chronicles 9:21 For the king's ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram: every three years once came the ships of Tarshish bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks. [kjv]

οτι ναυς τω βασιλει επορευετο εις θαρσις μετα των παιδων χιραμ απαξ δια τριων ετων ηρχετο πλοια εκ θαρσις τω βασιλει γεμοντα χρυσιου και αργυριου και οδοντων ελεφαντινων και πιθηκων [lxx]

The Greek words for "ivory" in this verse in the LXX are that of "tooth" of "elephant". The LXX does not have "peacocks".

The ancient Greek word "ὀδούς" ≈ "tooth, tusk".
The ancient Greek word "ἐλέφας" ≈ "elephant" which appears to have been borrowed from Egyptian.
The ancient Greek word "ἐλεφάντινος" ≈ "ivory".
The ancient Greek word "πίθηκος" ≈ "ape, monkey, trickster, dwarf".

The modern Greek word "ελεφαντόδοντο" (eh-leh-fan-TO-thon-to) ≈ "ivory", as in the above verse, is, literally, "elephant tooth". Yes, elephants are mentioned in the Bible but only in terms of their ivory.
The modern Greek word "ελέφαντας" (eh-LEH-fan-tas) ≈ "elephant".
The modern Greek word "δόντι" (THON-tee) ≈ "tooth", from which we get "dental".
The modern Greek word "δόντια" (THON-tee-a) ≈ "teeth".
The modern Greek word "πίθηκος" (PEE-thee-kos) ≈ "ape", as in the above verse.

2 Chronicles 9:21

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KJV: For the king's ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram: every three years once came the ships of Tarshish bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks.

Hebrew: כי אניות למלך הלכות תרשיש עם עבדי חורם אחת לשלוש שנים תבואנה אניות תרשיש נשאות זהב וכסף שנהבים וקופים ותוכיים׃

Greek: οτι ναυς τω βασιλει επορευετο εις θαρσις μετα των παιδων χιραμ απαξ δια τριων ετων ηρχετο πλοια εκ θαρσις τω βασιλει γεμοντα χρυσιου και αργυριου και οδοντων ελεφαντινων και πιθηκων

Matthew 8:11 And I say unto you, That many shall come from the east and west, and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven. [kjv]

λεγω δε υμιν οτι πολλοι απο ανατολων και δυσμων ηξουσιν και ανακλιθησονται μετα αβρααμ και ισαακ και ιακωβ εν τη βασιλεια των ουρανων [gnt]

8:12 But the children of the kingdom shall be cast out into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

οι δε υιοι της βασιλειας εκβληθησονται εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

Jesus says this after talking to the Roman Centurion who has "great" "persuasion", translated as "faith". Who are the "children" of the "kingdom" to which Jesus is referring? What "kingdom"?

How "many" is "many"? How "few" are "few"? Who are the "chosen" "elect"?

[stop sign and policeman]

More: Matthew 22:14 Election callings of the chosen elect

Matthew 8:11

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KJV: And I say unto you, That many shall come from the east and west, and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.

Greek: λεγω δε υμιν οτι πολλοι απο ανατολων και δυσμων ηξουσιν και ανακλιθησονται μετα αβρααμ και ισαακ και ιακωβ εν τη βασιλεια των ουρανων

Matthew 8:12

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KJV: But the children of the kingdom shall be cast out into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Greek: οι δε υιοι της βασιλειας εκβληθησονται εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων

Matthew 13:41 The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them which do iniquity; [kjv]

αποστελει ο υιος του ανθρωπου τους αγγελους αυτου και συλλεξουσιν εκ της βασιλειας αυτου παντα τα σκανδαλα και τους ποιουντας την ανομιαν [gnt]

13:42 And shall cast them into a furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και βαλουσιν αυτους εις την καμινον του πυρος εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

13:43 Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Who hath ears to hear, let him hear. [kjv]

τοτε οι δικαιοι εκλαμψουσιν ως ο ηλιος εν τη βασιλεια του πατρος αυτων ο εχων ωτα ακουετω [gnt]

Which meanings of "weeping" and "gnashing" of "teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Those who are in pain.
Those who are angry.
Those who realize that they misinterpreted what was said.

More: Matthew 13:24-30,36-43 KP2 Parable of the wheat and tares

Here is the end of the last of the Kingdom Parables in Matthew 13.

Matthew 13:49 So shall it be at the end of the world: the angels shall come forth, and sever the wicked from among the just, [kjv]

ουτως εσται εν τη συντελεια του αιωνος εξελευσονται οι αγγελοι και αφοριουσιν τους πονηρους εκ μεσου των δικαιων [gnt]

13:50 And shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και βαλουσιν αυτους εις την καμινον του πυρος εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

Which meanings of "weeping" and "gnashing" of "teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

More: Matthew 13:47-50: KP7 Parable of the harvest at the end of the age

This is the end for those without proper garments in the Parable of the Wedding Feast.

Matthew 22:12 And he saith unto him, Friend, how camest thou in hither not having a wedding garment? And he was speechless. [kjv]

22:13 Then said the king to the servants, Bind him hand and foot, and take him away, and cast him into outer darkness; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

22:14 For many are called, but few are chosen. [kjv]

Who are the "many"?
Who are the "called"?
Who are the "few"?
Who are the "chose" or "elect"?

The joke for some denominational churches is "many are cold, a few are frozen".

More: Matthew 22:11-14 Parable of the wedding feast 3

The end is not good for some at the end of the Parable of the Bad Servants when the Owner returns.

Matthew 24:50 The lord of that servant shall come in a day when he looketh not for him, and in an hour that he is not aware of, [kjv]

24:51 And shall cut him asunder, and appoint him his portion with the hypocrites: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και διχοτομησει αυτον και το μερος αυτου μετα των υποκριτων θησει εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

The Greek for "hypocrite" meant an "actor" who was "pretending".

Which meanings of "weeping" and "gnashing" of "teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

More: An actor as a hypocrite is not real

More: Matthew 24:43-51 Parable of the evil servant

This is the end of the Parable of the Talents.

Matthew 25:28 Take therefore the talent from him, and give it unto him which hath ten talents. [kjv]

25:29 For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath. [kjv]

25:30 And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και τον αχρειον δουλον εκβαλετε εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

This parable is not heard much in churches with socialist leanings since the individual is important in the parable and not the community.

This is not a "better together" situation. Might it be a "bitter together" situation? You butter change what you are doing.

More: Matthew 25:14-30 Parable of the talents in Matthew

Matthew 25:30 And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και τον αχρειον δουλον εκβαλετε εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

Which meanings of "weeping" and "gnashing" of "teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

More: Matthew 25:14-30 Parable of the talents in Matthew

Luke repeats, in shortened form, the parable of the sheep and goats. Here is the final part.

Luke 13:28 There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets, in the kingdom of God, and you yourselves thrust out. [kjv]

εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων οταν οψησθε αβρααμ και ισαακ και ιακωβ και παντας τους προφητας εν τη βασιλεια του θεου υμας δε εκβαλλομενους εξω [gnt]

Which meanings of "weeping" and "gnashing" of "teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Some are surprised they are cast out. Others are surprised they are not cast out.

Luke 13:28

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KJV: There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets, in the kingdom of God, and you yourselves thrust out.

Greek: εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων οταν οψησθε αβρααμ και ισαακ και ιακωβ και παντας τους προφητας εν τη βασιλεια του θεου υμας δε εκβαλλομενους εξω

Latin: ibi erit fletus et stridor dentium cum videritis Abraham et Isaac et Iacob et omnes prophetas in regno Dei vos autem expelli foras

Matthew	Context	Fate	Luke
8:12	Those not sitting with Abraham	outer darkness	13:28
13:42	*KP2: weeds at end of age harvest	furnace of fire
13:50	*KP7: wicked at end of age harvest	furnace of fire
22:13	One without garment at wedding feast	outer darkness
24:51	Ungrateful/evil servant	with hypocrites
25:30	One with talent in the ground/sand	outer darkness

*KP = Kingdom Parable (Matthew 13)

Each of the six verses in Matthew ends, for the "few" selected, with "the weeping and the gnashing of the teeth".

In each case where proportions are specified, it involves the "few" being selected (the elect) and being cast out in some unpleasant way and not the "many". Might these "few" be the "chosen" "elect"?

Is it better to be "taken" or "left" as in "forgiven"?

Might the exact phrase used only by Jesus contain any play on words?

More: Matthew 22:14 Election callings of the chosen elect

Here are some Greek words with sufficiently similar sounds to be play on words.

"κλαυθμος" ≈ "weeping".
"κραγμος" ≈ "screeching" from "κραγος" ≈ "screech".
"κρωγμός" ≈ "croaking, cawing of a crow"
"κράζω" ≈ "croak, scream, cry out".
"κλάζω" ≈ "make a sharp piercing sound".
"κρατος" ≈ "might, strength".
"κρατός" ≈ "head, face" from "κάρη" ≈ "head, face".
"κλάδος" ≈ "branch"

Perhaps related:

"βρόχθος" ≈ "throat"
"βρόχος" ≈ "noose, snare for birds".
"βρέγμα" ≈ "bone above the brain".

*G2896 *55 κράζω (krad'-zo) : a primary verb; properly, to "croak" (as a raven) or scream, i.e. (genitive case) to call aloud (shriek, exclaim, intreat):--cry (out).

Words: εκεκραξα εκραζεν=5 εκραζον=8 εκραξαν=7 εκραξεν=10 κεκραγεν=1 κραζει=5 κραζειν κραζομεν κραζον κραζοντας κραζοντες=5 κραζουσιν κραζων=2 κραξαντες κραξας=4 κραξουσιν

"κράζω" ≈ "scream, shriek, clamor".
"κλάζω" ≈ "make a sharp piercing sound".

Note that these words of similar meaning differ only in one letter which are similar linguistic sounds of "L" and "R". Certain declinations of these words have the "G" sound needed for certain play on words.

John 1:15 John bare witness of him, and cried, saying, This was he of whom I spake, He that cometh after me is preferred before me: for he was before me. [kjv]

ιωαννης μαρτυρει περι αυτου και κεκραγεν λεγων ουτος ην ο ειπων ο οπισω μου ερχομενος εμπροσθεν μου γεγονεν οτι πρωτος μου ην [gnt]

"κράζω" ≈ "scream, shriek, clamor".
"κλάζω" ≈ "make a sharp piercing sound".

John 1:15

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KJV: John bare witness of him, and cried, saying, This was he of whom I spake, He that cometh after me is preferred before me: for he was before me.

Greek: ιωαννης μαρτυρει περι αυτου και κεκραγεν λεγων ουτος ην ον ειπον ο ειπων ο οπισω μου ερχομενος εμπροσθεν μου γεγονεν οτι πρωτος μου ην

of the teeth and to him/it , back side of him/itt

Here is the Greek phrase used for "of the teeth".

"των" ≈ "of him/it" (genitive).
"οδοντων" ≈ "of teeth" (genitive).

This can be split up into the following as a play on words.

"τω" ≈ "him/it" (dative) and "των" ≈ "of him/it" (genitive).
"νῶτον" ≈ "back side, rear part of the body" and could be the "back" of a "page" and may be related to the Latin word "natis" ≈ "rump". A reference to the "past", in Hebrew and other languages, is that of "looking" "back".

Other somewhat similar sounding words are the following.

"νότος" ≈ "south" and "νοτον" ≈ "south" (accusative).
"σύνοδος" ≈ "assembly" and is the source of the English word "synod". The word comes from "συν" ≈ "with, together" and "ὀδός" ≈ "way, path".

Romans 11:10 Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see, and bow down their back alway. [kjv]

σκοτισθητωσαν οι οφθαλμοι αυτων του μη βλεπειν και τον νωτον αυτων δια παντος συγκαμψον [gnt]

*G3577 *1 νῶτος (no'-tos) : of uncertain affinity; the back:--back.

Usage

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νωτον

Romans 11:10 ... and bow down their back alway.

Words: νωτον=1

The ancient Greek word "νῶτον" ≈ "back, rear part of the body" and could be the "back" of a "page" and may be related to the Latin word "natis" ≈ "rump".

Romans 11:10

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KJV: Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see, and bow down their back alway.

Greek: σκοτισθητωσαν οι οφθαλμοι αυτων του μη βλεπειν και τον νωτον αυτων διαπαντος δια παντος συγκαμψον

2 Samuel 22:41 Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies, that I might destroy them that hate me. [kjv]

και τους εχθρους μου εδωκας μοι νωτον τους μισουντας με και εθανατωσας αυτους [lxx]

Psalms 18:40 Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies; that I might destroy them that hate me. [kjv]

και τους εχθρους μου εδωκας μοι νωτον και τους μισουντας με εξωλεθρευσας [lxx]

2 Samuel 22:41

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KJV: Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies, that I might destroy them that hate me.

Hebrew: ואיבי תתה לי ערף משנאי ואצמיתם׃

Greek: και τους εχθρους μου εδωκας μοι νωτον τους μισουντας με και εθανατωσας αυτους

Psalms 18:40

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KJV: Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies; that I might destroy them that hate me.

Hebrew: ואיבי נתתה לי ערף ומשנאי אצמיתם׃

Greek: και τους εχθρους μου εδωκας μοι νωτον και τους μισουντας με εξωλεθρευσας

Psalms 66:11 Thou broughtest us into the net; thou laidst affliction upon our loins. [kjv]

εισηγαγες ημας εις την παγιδα εθου θλιψεις επι τον νωτον ημων [lxx]

Psalms 66:11

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KJV: Thou broughtest us into the net; thou laidst affliction upon our loins.

Hebrew: הבאתנו במצודה שמת מועקה במתנינו׃

Greek: εισηγαγες ημας εις την παγιδα εθου θλιψεις επι τον νωτον ημων

Isaiah 50:6 I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting. [kjv]

τον νωτον μου δεδωκα εις μαστιγας τας δε σιαγονας μου εις ραπισματα το δε προσωπον μου ουκ απεστρεψα απο αισχυνης εμπτυσματων [lxx]

[turn the other cheek, mark or stigma play on words]

More: Matthew 5:39 Turning the other cheek

Isaiah 50:6

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KJV: I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting.

Hebrew: גוי נתתי למכים ולחיי למרטים פני לא הסתרתי מכלמות ורק׃

Greek: τον νωτον μου δεδωκα εις μαστιγας τας δε σιαγονας μου εις ραπισματα το δε προσωπον μου ουκ απεστρεψα απο αισχυνης εμπτυσματων

Luke 12:55 And when ye see the south wind blow, ye say, There will be heat; and it cometh to pass. [kjv]

και οταν νοτον πνεοντα λεγετε οτι καυσων εσται και γινεται [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "νότος" ≈ "south" and "νοτον" ≈ "south" (accusative).

Luke 12:55

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KJV: And when ye see the south wind blow, ye say, There will be heat; and it cometh to pass.

Greek: και οταν νοτον πνεοντα λεγετε οτι καυσων εσται και γινεται

Jeremiah 48:39 They shall howl, saying, How is it broken down ! how hath Moab turned the back with shame ! so shall Moab be a derision and a dismaying to all them about him. [kjv]

πως κατηλλαξεν πως εστρεψεν νωτον μωαβ ησχυνθη και εγενετο μωαβ εις γελωτα και εγκοτημα πασιν τοις κυκλω αυτης [lxx]

The ancient Greek word "γέλωτα" ≈ "laugh" (accusative singular) and comes from "γέλως" ≈ "laughter" (noun) and is related to "γελάω" ≈ "laugh" (verb).

More: Some witty remarks on laughing and humor

Jeremiah 48:39

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KJV: They shall howl, saying, How is it broken down ! how hath Moab turned the back with shame ! so shall Moab be a derision and a dismaying to all them about him.

Hebrew: איך חתה הילילו איך הפנה ערף מואב בוש והיה מואב לשחק ולמחתה לכל סביביו׃

Greek: πως κατηλλαξεν πως εστρεψεν νωτον μωαβ ησχυνθη και εγενετο μωαβ εις γελωτα και εγκοτημα πασιν τοις κυκλω αυτης

Zechariah 7:11 But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their ears, that they should not hear. [kjv]

και ηπειθησαν του προσεχειν και εδωκαν νωτον παραφρονουντα και τα ωτα αυτων εβαρυναν του μη εισακουειν [lxx]

Zechariah 7:11

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KJV: But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their ears, that they should not hear.

Hebrew: וימאנו להקשיב ויתנו כתף סררת ואזניהם הכבידו משמוע׃

Greek: και ηπειθησαν του προσεχειν και εδωκαν νωτον παραφρονουντα και τα ωτα αυτων εβαρυναν του μη εισακουειν

Matthew 25:30 And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και τον αχρειον δουλον εκβαλετε εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

The exact Greek phrase used by Jesus is the ancient Greek phrase "ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων" ≈ "the weeping and the gnashing of the teeth". This exact phrase appears seven times, six in Matthew and one time in Luke. It does not appear in the LXX. Note that many Creek words can be created by adding "-mos" to the end just as English creates many words by adding "-ism" or "-ness" or "-ing" to the end.

as used	play on words
"κλαυθμος" ≈ "weeping".	"κραγμος" ≈ "screeching" from "κραγος" ≈ "screech"
"βρυγμος" ≈ "gnashing".	"βληθμος" ≈ "obliviousness, forgetfulness" from "βληθη" ≈ "oblivion, forgetful".

As a play on words, in this case a paired Spoonerism, the following letters can be switched: 1. "R" and "L". 2. "TH" and "G".

Matthew 25:30 And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. [kjv]

και τον αχρειον δουλον εκβαλετε εις το σκοτος το εξωτερον εκει εσται ο κλαυθμος και ο βρυγμος των οδοντων [gnt]

Phrase used by Jesus: ... there will be the weeping and the gnashing of the teeth.

Paraphrase (play on words): ... there will be the screeching and the casting into oblivion (with respect to) him/it (dative) back side or past (accusative) of him/it (genitive).

Who or what is the (first) him/it (dative)?
Who or what is the (second) him/it (genitive)?

Does this play on word paraphrase make any sense with the places where this unique phrase was used by Jesus?

☐ 1. Do not have any other Gods.
☐ 2. Do not make idols.
☐ 3. Do not take God's name in vain.
☐ 4. Keep the Sabbath holy.
☐ 5. Honor father and mother.
☐ 6. Do not kill.
☐ 7. Do not commit adultery.
☐ 8. Do not steal.
☐ 9. Do not lie (against neighbor).
☐ 10. Do not covet.

Here is a shortened version of each of the Ten Commandments.
Which violations of the Ten Commandments are the worst in terms of oppression or evil in the context of interaction, possibly deceptive, with another person (not God)? Provide a specific example that would not fall under another more specific commandment. For example, one way to dishonor parents would be to steal from them, but this would be covered under the do not steal commandment.

More: Exodus 20:1-26 The Ten Commandments

Matthew	Context	Fate	Luke
13:42	*KP2: weeds at end of age harvest	furnace of fire
13:50	*KP7: wicked at end of age harvest	furnace of fire
24:51	Ungrateful/evil servant	with hypocrites
8:12	Those not sitting with Abraham	outer darkness	13:28
22:13	One without garment at wedding feast	outer darkness
25:30	One with talent in the ground/sand	outer darkness

#5: Those to the (treasure in the) field :: wide area :: life
#6: Those to merchandise (pearl of great price) :: wide area :: outer darkness
#2, #3, #4, #7: Remnant (destroyed) :: scattered path :: furnace of fire

What might be the "four" "winds"?

Consider the "scattered" "path".

#2: Weeds, TC9: No false witness.	#3: Tree: TC8: No stealing
#4: Leaven: TC7: No adultery	#7: Harvest: TC6: No killing/murder

Consider the parable of the wedding feast.

#5: Those to the (treasure in the) field :: wide area :: life
#6: Those to merchandise (pearl of great price) :: wide area :: outer darkness
#2, #3, #4, #7: Remnant (destroyed) :: scattered path :: furnace of fire

More: Matthew 22:1-5 Parable of the wedding feast 1

More: Against the law: out-law or in-law

More: Matthew 7:13-14 Strait talk about narrow and wide gates

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 + - ▶

Matthew 19:18 He saith unto him, Which? Jesus said, Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, [kjv]

19:19 Honour thy father and thy mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. [kjv]

More: Matthew 19:16-20 Good commandments lacking

It appears that the "goats" should be in node 6 and that the "wolf-dog" should be in node 7.

The "wolf-dog" (AKA "bird") in node 7 impersonates a "sheep-dog" in node 5 to attempt to move a "sheep" (walking before in righteousness) in node 5 to a "goat" (voicing bad logic) in node 6 with a destination of "outer darkness".

There are three verses in the LXX that use the idiom "teeth" on "edge" which appears to be associated with being "annoyed". All are paired with "sour grapes".

Jeremiah 31:29 In those days they shall say no more, The fathers have eaten a sour grape, and the children's teeth are set on edge. [kjv]

εν ταις ημεραις εκειναις ου μη ειπωσιν οι πατερες εφαγον ομφακα και οι οδοντες των τεκνων ημωδιασαν [lxx]

31:30 But every one shall die for his own iniquity: every man that eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge. [kjv]

αλλ η εκαστος εν τη εαυτου αμαρτια αποθανειται και του φαγοντος τον ομφακα αιμωδιασουσιν οι οδοντες αυτου [lxx]

Ezekiel 18:2 What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge? [kjv]

υιε ανθρωπου τι υμιν η παραβολη αυτη εν τοις υιοις ισραηλ λεγοντες οι πατερες εφαγον ομφακα και οι οδοντες των τεκνων εγομφιασαν [lxx]

Details are left as a future topic.

Jeremiah 31:29

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KJV: In those days they shall say no more, The fathers have eaten a sour grape, and the children's teeth are set on edge.

Hebrew: בימים ההם לא יאמרו עוד אבות אכלו בסר ושני בנים תקהינה׃

Greek: εν ταις ημεραις εκειναις ου μη ειπωσιν οι πατερες εφαγον ομφακα και οι οδοντες των τεκνων ημωδιασαν

Jeremiah 31:30

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KJV: But every one shall die for his own iniquity: every man that eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge.

Hebrew: כי אם איש בעונו ימות כל האדם האכל הבסר תקהינה שניו׃

Greek: αλλ η εκαστος εν τη εαυτου αμαρτια αποθανειται και του φαγοντος τον ομφακα αιμωδιασουσιν οι οδοντες αυτου

Ezekiel 18:2

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KJV: What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge?

Hebrew: מה לכם אתם משלים את המשל הזה על אדמת ישראל לאמר אבות יאכלו בסר ושני הבנים תקהינה׃

Greek: υιε ανθρωπου τι υμιν η παραβολη αυτη εν τοις υιοις ισραηλ λεγοντες οι πατερες εφαγον ομφακα και οι οδοντες των τεκνων εγομφιασαν

The phrase "gnashing" of "teeth" appears 5 times in the LXX, 3 times in Psalms, and appears to represent general "anger", "rage" and/or "hatred".

Job 16:9 He teareth me in his wrath, who hateth me: he gnasheth upon me with his teeth; mine enemy sharpeneth his eyes upon me. [kjv]

οργη χρησαμενος κατεβαλεν με εβρυξεν επ εμε τους οδοντας βελη πειρατων αυτου επ εμοι επεσεν [lxx]

Which meanings of "weeping" and "gnashing" of "teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Job 16:9

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KJV: He teareth me in his wrath, who hateth me: he gnasheth upon me with his teeth; mine enemy sharpeneth his eyes upon me.

Hebrew: אפו טרף וישטמני חרק עלי בשניו צרי ילטוש עיניו לי׃

Greek: οργη χρησαμενος κατεβαλεν με εβρυξεν επ εμε τους οδοντας βελη πειρατων αυτου επ εμοι επεσεν

Psalms 35:16 With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth. [kjv]

επειρασαν με εξεμυκτηρισαν με μυκτηρισμον εβρυξαν επ εμε τους οδοντας αυτων [lxx]

Which meanings of "weeping" and "gnashing" of "teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Psalms 35:16

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KJV: With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth.

Hebrew: בחנפי לעגי מעוג חרק עלי שנימו׃

Greek: επειρασαν με εξεμυκτηρισαν με μυκτηρισμον εβρυξαν επ εμε τους οδοντας αυτων

Psalms 37:12 The wicked plotteth against the just, and gnasheth upon him with his teeth. [kjv]

παρατηρησεται ο αμαρτωλος τον δικαιον και βρυξει επ αυτον τους οδοντας αυτου [lxx]

Which meanings of "weeping" and "gnashing" of "teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Psalms 37:12

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KJV: The wicked plotteth against the just, and gnasheth upon him with his teeth.

Hebrew: זמם רשע לצדיק וחרק עליו שניו׃

Greek: παρατηρησεται ο αμαρτωλος τον δικαιον και βρυξει επ αυτον τους οδοντας αυτου

Psalms 112:10 The wicked shall see it, and be grieved; he shall gnash with his teeth, and melt away: the desire of the wicked shall perish. [kjv]

αμαρτωλος οψεται και οργισθησεται τους οδοντας αυτου βρυξει και τακησεται επιθυμια αμαρτωλων απολειται [lxx]

Which meanings of "weeping" and "gnashing" of "teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Psalms 112:10

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KJV: The wicked shall see it, and be grieved; he shall gnash with his teeth, and melt away: the desire of the wicked shall perish.

Hebrew: רשע יראה וכעס שניו יחרק ונמס תאות רשעים תאבד׃

Greek: αμαρτωλος οψεται και οργισθησεται τους οδοντας αυτου βρυξει και τακησεται επιθυμια αμαρτωλων απολειται

Lamentations 2:16 All thine enemies have opened their mouth against thee: they hiss and gnash the teeth: they say, We have swallowed her up: certainly this is the day that we looked for; we have found, we have seen it. [kjv]

διηνοιξαν επι σε στομα αυτων παντες οι εχθροι σου εσυρισαν και εβρυξαν οδοντας ειπαν κατεπιομεν αυτην πλην αυτη η ημερα ην προσεδοκωμεν ευρομεν αυτην ειδομεν [lxx]

Which meanings of "weeping" and "gnashing" of "teeth" fit? Which is the best fit?

Lamentations 2:16

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KJV: All thine enemies have opened their mouth against thee: they hiss and gnash the teeth: they say, We have swallowed her up: certainly this is the day that we looked for; we have found, we have seen it.

Hebrew: פצו עליך פיהם כל אויביך שרקו ויחרקו שן אמרו בלענו אך זה היום שקוינהו מצאנו ראינו׃

Greek: διηνοιξαν επι σε στομα αυτων παντες οι εχθροι σου εσυρισαν και εβρυξαν οδοντας ειπαν κατεπιομεν αυτην πλην αυτη η ημερα ην προσεδοκωμεν ευρομεν αυτην ειδομεν

Matthew 5:4 Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted. [kjv]

There is no "consolation" prize of "comfort" for unjust wrongs that result in "mourning".

Here is one possible interpretation of the second Beatitude that attempts to keep the original meaning of the Greek (and Hebrew) words.

Paraphrase: Happy and content are those that mourn because of being wronged unjustly for they shall be comforted, in the last days by being avenged by the Avenger of Blood, and comforted now, given the Holy Spirit.

Those who has done the wrong (persecution, etc.) against the "righteous" throughout history would not be "happy" about that avenging (later) or by the "comfort" of the Holy Spirit.

hates

More: Matthew 5:4 B2 Good grief: the consolation prize of comfort