- *G4179 *2 πολλαπλασίων (pol-lap-las-ee'-ohn) : from G4183 and probably a derivative of G4120; manifold, i.e. (neuter as noun) very much more:--manifold more.
- πολλαπλασιονα *2
- Matthew 19:29 And every one that hath forsaken houses, or ...
- Luke 18:30 Who shall not receive manifold more in this present time, ...
67. Aristotle: Topica
English: For, as the species is predicated, so also is the genus, as, for example, in the case of the double and its higher genera; for both the double and the multiple are predicated of something. Similarly, too, in the case of knowledge; (Loeb#391, p. 451,453)
Greek: Ὡς γὰρ τὸ εἶδος, καὶ τὸ γένος, καθάπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ διπλασίου καὶ τῶν ἐπάνω· τινὸς γὰρ καὶ τὸ διπλάσιον καὶ τὸ πολλαπλάσιον. Ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἐπιστήμης· Aristotle: Topica [125a]
As Aristotle points out, the "
double" and the "
multiple" must be of
something. You can "
double" the value of
x, but one needs to know what is
x.
68. Multiply by zero
|
0 * 0 = 0
0 * 1 = 0
0 * 2 = 0
0 * 4 = 0
0 * 8 = 0
0 * 16 = 0
0 * 32 = 0
...
|
 |
Common choir director saying to the choir:
You have done so well, I am going to double on multiply your salary. Of course,
two or
many times multiplied by
zero is
zero since everyone in the choir is a volunteer.
The ancient Greek word
"μηδέν" ≈ "nothing" and means, literally, "
not one". The modern Greek word
"μηδέν" (mee-THEHN) ≈ "zero, nothing".
How does one think about "
nothing"?
69. Luke 18:28
Luke 18:28 Then Peter said, Lo, we have left all, and followed thee. [kjv]
ειπεν δε ο πετρος ιδου ημεις αφεντες τα ιδια ηκολουθησαμεν σοι [gnt]
Luke is similar to Matthew but without the intricate context.
In Luke 18:28, the TR changes "the same" to "all".
70. Luke 18:28
KJV: Then Peter said, Lo, we have left all, and followed thee.
Greek: ειπεν δε ο πετρος ιδου ημεις αφηκαμεν παντα και αφεντες τα ιδια ηκολουθησαμεν σοι
71. Luke 18:29
Luke 18:29 And he said unto them, Verily I say unto you, There is no man that hath left house, or parents, or brethren, or wife, or children, for the kingdom of God's sake, [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν αυτοις αμην λεγω υμιν οτι ουδεις εστιν ος αφηκεν οικιαν η γυναικα η αδελφους η γονεις η τεκνα εινεκεν της βασιλειας του θεου [gnt]
In Luke 18:29, the TR changes "whoever" with the play on words with "hostile" to "no one"
In Luke 18:29, memory added "wife" which appears to have then been added to Matthew in the TR.
The Matthew words "my name's sake" is changed in Luke to "the kingdom of God's sake".
72. Luke 18:29
KJV: And he said unto them, Verily I say unto you, There is no man that hath left house, or parents, or brethren, or wife, or children, for the kingdom of God's sake,
Greek: ο δε ειπεν αυτοις αμην λεγω υμιν οτι ουδεις εστιν ος αφηκεν οικιαν η γονεις γυναικα η αδελφους η γυναικα γονεις η τεκνα ενεκεν εινεκεν της βασιλειας του θεου
73. Luke 18:30
Luke 18:30 Who shall not receive manifold more in this present time, and in the world to come life everlasting. [kjv]
ος ουχι μη λαβη πολλαπλασιονα εν τω καιρω τουτω και εν τω αιωνι τω ερχομενω ζωην αιωνιον [gnt]
In Luke 18:30, the Greek word translated as "manifold" is the same Greek word in Matthew. The TR changes the word in Matthew to "hundredfold".
There is more literal elaboration of what is said than in Matthew.
74. Luke 18:30
KJV: Who shall not receive manifold more in this present time, and in the world to come life everlasting.
Greek: ος ου ουχι μη απολαβη λαβη πολλαπλασιονα εν τω καιρω τουτω και εν τω αιωνι τω ερχομενω ζωην αιωνιον
75. Matthew 19:29 Polynomial increase
Matthew 19:29 And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life. [kjv]
και πας οστις αφηκεν οικιας η αδελφους η αδελφας η πατερα η μητερα η τεκνα η αγρους ενεκεν του εμου ονοματος πολλαπλασιονα λημψεται και ζωην αιωνιον κληρονομησει [gnt]
action |
result |
do let go of ... |
take nothing |
do not let go of ... |
take nothing |
The
TR changes
"multiplicative" (increase) to
"hundredfold".
Paraphrase:
(for those who have followed Jesus) if you let go of any of these, you will take nothing additional.
It appears that the decision to
"let go" or
not "let go", including
riches (previous verses), should be based on other considerations.
76. Matthew 19:29
Matthew 19:29 And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life. [kjv]
και πας οστις αφηκεν οικιας η αδελφους η αδελφας η πατερα η μητερα η τεκνα η αγρους ενεκεν του εμου ονοματος πολλαπλασιονα λημψεται και ζωην αιωνιον κληρονομησει [gnt]
Why
"let go" of up "
house", "
brethren", etc.? You will
"take" no additional benefit. Might the same be
true for any "
riches" one has? That is, there are other factors, such as following Jesus, that are important. The others are only important to the extent they detract from that work.
77. Matthew 19:29 Eternal life
Matthew 19:29 And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life. [kjv]
και πας οστις αφηκεν οικιας η αδελφους η αδελφας η πατερα η μητερα η τεκνα η αγρους ενεκεν του εμου ονοματος πολλαπλασιονα λημψεται και ζωην αιωνιον κληρονομησει [gnt]
Regardless of whether one leaves "
house", "
brethren", etc., one will "
inherit" "
eternal" "
life" if one follows Jesus and does what one is supposed to do.
Should one purposely
leave house, brothers, sisters, father, mother, children, lands, etc., because one thinks this is what Jesus wants? This is the
converse error.
78. Matthew 19:29 Everlasting life
Matthew 19:29 And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life. [kjv]
και πας οστις αφηκεν οικιας η αδελφους η αδελφας η πατερα η μητερα η τεκνα η αγρους ενεκεν του εμου ονοματος πολλαπλασιονα λημψεται και ζωην αιωνιον κληρονομησει [gnt]
The domain of the
"all" is
"everyone" who has "
followed" Jesus (previous verse). What then does this
disjunction have to do with "
inheriting" "
everlasting" "
life"?
Does
"everyone" who has "
followed" Jesus then "
inherit" "
everlasting" "
life"? That is, without having to
"give up" or
"leave" the long list of operands to the
disjunction (unless appropriate or prudent).
79. Matthew 19:29
KJV: And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life.
Greek: και πας ος οστις αφηκεν οικιας η αδελφους η αδελφας η πατερα η μητερα η γυναικα η τεκνα η αγρους ενεκεν του εμου ονοματος μου εκατονταπλασιονα ληψεται πολλαπλασιονα λημψεται και ζωην αιωνιον κληρονομησει
80. Matthew 19:28-29 Reflections
Matthew 19:28 And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. [kjv]
19:29 And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life. [kjv]
Is the logic clear as to what Jesus is saying?
Are there other ways to interpret what Jesus is saying?
How might we think
outside the box? Notice that we did not consider one thing Jesus said. Might that help?
81. Matthew 19:28 Amen I say unto you
Matthew 19:28 And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. [kjv]
ο δε ιησους ειπεν αυτοις αμην λεγω υμιν οτι υμεις οι ακολουθησαντες μοι εν τη παλιγγενεσια οταν καθιση ο υιος του ανθρωπου επι θρονου δοξης αυτου καθησεσθε και υμεις επι δωδεκα θρονους κρινοντες τας δωδεκα φυλας του ισραηλ [gnt]
There is a play on words with
"amen" and
"unto you" which creates a symmetry as if to say to connect the
previous with the
next.
When Jesus says
"amen", I "
say"
"unto you"`, it appears to mean
not that what he says next is important (although it often is), it means to
connect the
previous and
next ideas.
82. Verily I say unto you: connect the dots
Some (theologians, commentators, pastors, etc.) say that the phrase is used to introduce an important concept. Is what Jesus says ever unimportant?
Instead, the phrase appears to be used to connect the previous thought (excluding scripture quotation) with the next thought as similar in some way.
In some cases, the two thoughts are stated in a
top-down backward-chaining manner so that it helps to consider the second thought before the first thought.
83. Matthew 19:26,28-29 Before and after
Matthew 19:26 But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible. [kjv]
19:28 And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. [kjv]
19:29 And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life. [kjv]
Does the verse before the "
Amen, I say unto you" (before Peter's question in verse 27, omitted) relate to what Jesus says after? Might this be why Matthew 19:28 is so enigmatic?
84. Strongs - potentially possible
*G1415 *32 δυνατός (doo-nat-os') : from G1410; powerful or capable (literally or figuratively); neuter possible:--able, could, (that is) mighty (man), possible, power, strong.
 |
Words: δυνατα=6 δυνατοι=4 δυνατον=9 δυνατος=13
|
The ancient Greek word
"δύναμις" ≈ "power, might, strength, potentiality" and is used by
Aristotle for something that has
"potential".
85. The actual potency and inner workings of energy
Galatians 3:5 He therefore that ministereth to you the Spirit, and worketh miracles among you, doeth he it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith? [kjv]
ο ουν επιχορηγων υμιν το πνευμα και ενεργων δυναμεις εν υμιν εξ εργων νομου η εξ ακοης πιστεως [gnt]
Energy is a word and concept that has ancient roots but had a
different meaning in ancient times. Aristotle first used the ancient Greek word
"ενέργεια" ≈ "actuality" for
"actuality", literally,
"in working".
The ancient Greek word
"δύναμις" ≈ "power, might, strength, potentiality" and is used by Aristotle for something that has
"potential".
KJV : ... worketh miracles among you ...
Paraphrase: ... actualizes the potential in you ...
The root word is
"work" and is used many times in the
LXX and
GNT.
86. Matthew 19:26 Beyond seeing
Matthew 19:26 But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible. [kjv]
εμβλεψας δε ο ιησους ειπεν αυτοις παρα ανθρωποις τουτο αδυενατον εστιν παρα δε θεω παντα δυνατα [gnt]
The Greek word translated as
"beheld" is that of
"looked at" and is
not the Greek word for "
behold".
The Greek word translated as
"with" is that of
"beyond". The ancient Greek word
"παρά" ≈ "beyond",
not (modern) "
parallel".
What is "beyond" man?
What is "beyond" God?
... to infinity and beyond ...
87. Matthew 19:26 Powerful possibilities
Matthew 19:26 But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible. [kjv]
εμβλεψας δε ο ιησους ειπεν αυτοις παρα ανθρωποις τουτο αδυενατον εστιν παρα δε θεω παντα δυνατα [gnt]
The Greek word translated as "impossible" is that of "not potentially possible".
The Greek word translated as "possible" is that of "potentially possible".
Sometimes the
KJV translates these words as
"possible" and sometimes as
"powerful". It is not clear how it was decided to use one or the other. Perhaps the Latin.
88. Matthew 19:26 All things
Matthew 19:26 But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible. [kjv]
εμβλεψας δε ο ιησους ειπεν αυτοις παρα ανθρωποις τουτο αδυενατον εστιν παρα δε θεω παντα δυνατα [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"πάντα" ≈ "always, all, whole" and requires a context for the domain of application. This domain, if not explicitly stated, is often in the text before the usage of
"all".
Since the
context before was that of "
saving" those, including the "
rich", it is "
possible" for God to "
save" "
all" or "
everyone" (i.e., those who "
follow").
But since there is a "
amen I say unto you" in two verses (after Peter's question), this verse relates to what follows that "
amen I say unto you". That is, the enigmatic reply by Jesus.
89. Matthew 19:28-29 Before and after
Matthew 19:28 And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. [kjv]
19:29 And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life. [kjv]
Perhaps, man's logic and understanding of verses 28-29 are not potentially possible. Perhaps God has a different way of viewing what was said.
90. Matthew 19:26
KJV: But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible.
Greek: εμβλεψας δε ο ιησους ειπεν αυτοις παρα ανθρωποις τουτο αδυνατον εστιν παρα δε θεω παντα δυναταεστιν
Latin: aspiciens autem Iesus dixit illis apud homines hoc inpossibile est apud Deum autem omnia possibilia sunt
Wessex: Ða quoth. se haelend un-aeðelic þaet ys mid mannen. ac ealle þing synde mid gode aeðelice.
Wycliffe: Jhesus bihelde, and seide to hem, Anentis men this thing is impossible; but anentis God alle thingis ben possible.
Tyndale: Iesus behelde the and sayde vnto them: with men this is vnpossible but with God all thinges are possible.
Geneva: And Iesus behelde them, and sayde vnto them, With men this is vnpossible, but with God all things are possible.
Luther: Jesus aber sah sie an und sprach zu ihnen: Bei den Menschen ist's unmöglich, aber bei Gott sind alle Dinge möglich.
Spanish: Mas Jesús, mirándoles, les dijo: Con los hombres esto es imposible, pero con Dios todo es posible.
Portuguese: Fixando neles o olhar, Jesus disse-lhes: «Aos homens é impossível, mas a Deus tudo é possível.»
91. Matthew 19:30 First and last
92. Matthew 19:30 Stacks and queues
Matthew 19:30 But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first. [kjv]
πολλοι δε εσονται πρωτοι εσχατοι και εσχατοι πρωτοι [gnt]
In computer science, a "
stack" is a
LIFO (Last In First Out) data structure that works as a "
stack" of cafeteria trays. In the extreme (all
pushes then all
pops), this creates a
reverse order.
By contrast, a "
queue" is a
FIFI (First In First Out) data structure. Using the "
new" as living and the "
old" as dead, does a stack-based or first-in last-out structure have any meaning?
That is, from a time sequence perspective, the last in shall be first out and the first in shall be last out. This is the definition of a
stack structure.
Paraphrase:
But many that are first in shall be the last out and the last in shall be the first out.
Who are the
"many"
93. Matthew 19:30 Many
Matthew 19:30 But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first. [kjv]
πολλοι δε εσονται πρωτοι εσχατοι και εσχατοι πρωτοι [gnt]
Who are the
"many"? This verse appears to go with the next chapter.
Once the meaning is clarified, it may be clear as to why this verse was not used to start the next chapter.
94. Matthew: First last and last first
Matthew 19: Rich young man and "
eunuchs", etc. This is the
last verse of Matthew 19
Matthew 19:30 But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first. [kjv]
πολλοι δε εσονται πρωτοι εσχατοι και εσχατοι πρωτοι [gnt]
Matthew 20: Parable of the vineyard workers.
20:16 So the last shall be first, and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen. [kjv]
ουτως εσονται οι εσχατοι πρωτοι και οι πρωτοι εσχατοι [gnt]
In Matthew, Jesus talks
twice of the
"first" being
"last" and the
"last" being
"first". Who are the
"many"? More importantly, who are
not the
"many". Perhaps the last verse of Matthew 19 goes better with the parable that starts in the next verse and continues to Matthew 20:16.
95. Matthew 20:16 First and last
Matthew 20:16 So the last shall be first, and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen. [kjv]
ουτως εσονται οι εσχατοι πρωτοι και οι πρωτοι εσχατοι [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"οὕτως" ≈ "thus" and indicates a conclusion from what has been said. One should look at what was said before this verse.
"πρῶτος" ≈ "first, earliest, most prominent, prime (number)" as in English words beginning with "proto".
"ἔσχατος" ≈ "farthest, most remote, last, final, extreme" and is the source of the English word "eschatology" as a "study of the end times".
Discuss:
Who are the "first"? Who are the "last"?
Who are those between the "first" and the "last"?
These questions appear to be answered, in part, at the end of the next chapter.
[job versus profession]
96. Matthew 21:31 Logical analysis
Matthew 21:31 Whether of them twain did the will of his father? They say unto him, The first. Jesus saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That the publicans and the harlots go into the kingdom of God before you. [kjv]
τις εκ των δυο εποιησεν το θελημα του πατρος λεγουσιν ο υστερος λεγει αυτοις ο ιησους αμην λεγω υμιν οτι οι τελωναι και αι πορναι προαγουσιν υμας εις την βασιλειαν του θεου [gnt]
Matthew uses
"kingdom" of
"God" and
not the
"kingdom" of
"heaven/air". Is there a difference? If so, is it important?
Many attribute this saying to
hyperbole or, essentially, an
opinion. A
logical analysis of this verse is that, with probability approaching certainty,
no religious elite who mislead the faithful for their own greatness will enter the
"kingdom" of
"God".
Who are the
"first"? Who are the
"last"? Who are the
"many"? Who are
not the
"many"?
97. Kingdom of heaven build
Are any of man's "
righteous" (without God) going in?
Sinners who have changed.
Sinners who have not changed.
Birds (religious elite) who have oppressed others. Are these the "first" that will be "last"? How many "sparrows" will fall without God?
Sinners who entered the Kingdom of God. Are these the "last" that will be "first"?
In particular, if there is even one tax collector or harlot that does not get into the kingdom of God, then neither do any of the religious elite to which Jesus refers.
98. Many
Matthew 19: Rich young man and "
eunuchs", etc. This is the
last verse of Matthew 19 which appears to be the real start of chapter 20.
Matthew 19:30 But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first. [kjv]
πολλοι δε εσονται πρωτοι εσχατοι και εσχατοι πρωτοι [gnt]
Matthew 20: Parable of the vineyard workers.
20:16 So the last shall be first, and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen. [kjv]
ουτως εσονται οι εσχατοι πρωτοι και οι πρωτοι εσχατοι [gnt]
The
"many" means that there are "
some" or "
few" that are not included. Based on the parable of the "
vineyard" "
workers" and the following chapter about the
"birds" that do not go into the "
kingdom" of "
God", perhaps the "
some" that are not part of the "
many" are the
"birds".
99. Matthew 19:30
KJV: But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first.
Greek: πολλοι δε εσονται πρωτοι εσχατοι και εσχατοι πρωτοι
100. End of page