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Matthew 5: Sermon on the Mount B
1. Matthew 5: Sermon on the Mount B
This is a review of the Sermon on the Mount in chapter 5. The sermon continues into chapters 6 and 7.
2. The Beatitudes
3. Pattern
Let us match up the following verses. Matthew 5:1-2 is the introduction of the 111 verses of the Sermon on the Mount. Matthew 7:24 starts the summary with the houses built on rock and sand.
Matthew 5:3-9: 7 in forward order
Matthew 5:10-16 in reverse order
Matthew 5:17-20 in forward order, Matthew 7:21-23
| Topic |
# |
# |
Topic |
Animal analogy |
| Poor in spirit |
3 |
16 |
light and works |
Sheep |
| Mourn and comfort |
4 |
15 |
candle in house |
Birds ‑ weeds and false light |
| Meek and inherit |
5 |
14 |
city on hill |
Fish ‑ attracted to light and trees |
| Righteous appetite |
6 |
13 |
salt |
Pigs ‑ recruited to block and trample |
| Mercy and alms |
7 |
12 |
great reward |
Sheep and goat separation |
| Pure in heart |
8 |
11 |
evil talk |
Fish separation |
| Peacemakers |
9 |
10 |
evil deception |
Birds ‑ no separation |
Let us now look at each row of the table.
4. Verb tenses in the Beatitudes
The first Beatitude refers to the
present time (of Jesus) when Jesus was doing this. All following Beatitudes refer to some time after (
future).
| 5.3 |
εστιν |
are |
poor in spirit |
present |
| 5:4 |
παρακληθησονται |
shall be comforted |
they that mourn |
future |
| 5:5 |
κληρονομησουσιν |
shall inherit |
meek inherit |
future |
| 5:6 |
χορτασθησονται |
shall be filled |
hunger and thirst |
future |
| 5:7 |
ελεηθησονται |
shall obtain mercy |
merciful and alms |
future |
| 5:8 |
οψονται |
shall see |
pure in heart |
future |
| 5.9 |
κληθησονται |
shall be called |
peacemakers |
future |
5. Sermon on the Mount : Matthew 5:1-20
 |
5:17. Not come to reside in the law
5:18. Jots and tittles of the law
5:19. Birdhouse rules
5:20. Birdhouse righteousness
7:21. Not everyone will enter
7:22 Many works will not count
7:23 I never knew you. Depart !
|
|
 |
[7 RC + 7 KP + 7 B + 7 + 7 = 35 ARMS, plus more]
6. Sermon on the Mount sequence
Here is the grouped verse sequences from Matthew 5:21 to 6:13.
7. Matthew 5:21-22 Verses
Matthew 5:21 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: [kjv]
5:22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. [kjv]
The verse group continues (below).
8. Matthew 5:23-26 Verses
9. Bigger more complete picture
Thinking: oaths, head and hairs, yes-yes no-no
Doing: turn the cheek, walk the mile, loan, etc.
Loving: enemies (as neighbors)
Acting: not doing it, doing it
Praying: asking (not doing it). Lord's Prayer
...
10. Matthew 5:25-26 Review paraphrase
Matthew 5:25 Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in the way with him; lest at any time the adversary deliver thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison. [kjv]
5:26 Verily I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou hast paid the uttermost farthing. [kjv]
25:
Be of a good quick mind [as a temple of God] with your adversary (the evil one) until, when you are (getting) in the way [with way = method = deception], it would never happen (sarcastic not!), that the adversary turns you over [parody] to the judge (birds who work for the adversary) who use the officer (pigs who work for the birds) to put you in with the watched (fish who are deceived by the birds),
26:
Truly, they will require payments (offerings) of you forever so that you [out of hope] cannot go out (to do what Jesus wants you to do).
Jesus will repeat this same idea with the twig and block in the eye, another pair of verses that are not often understood since the meaning requires logical analysis and/or understanding the play on words used.
11. Matthew 5:23-24 Review paraphrase
Matthew 5:23 Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee; [kjv]
5:24 Leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way; first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift. [kjv]
5:23:
If therefore you offer [resemble] your gift on the altar, [bad (righteousness)], remember [as a groom wooing a bride] that the brother of yours (Jesus) has some things against (down on) you (detailed in Revelation).
5:24:
Forgive yourself as the gift in front of the altar, go (flee) and first interact [through being in a different place] with the brother (Jesus) and then go (as in the Great Commission) and offer your gift (yourself as a living sacrifice) (as in doing good works before men).
Will the religious establishment be upset about you not offering the gift they use to support themselves and using their establishment only as a house of prayer? What do you do? Jesus answers this question in the next verse, though some mistranslations hide the real meaning.
12. Matthew 5:22 Angry paraphrase
Matthew 5:22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. [kjv]
5:22:
But I say to you. Whoever is [and remains] angry with the brother (Jesus) is liable for the judgment. Whoever says to the brother Raca (Aramaic word for fool) [rag, band aid], is liable with respect to the council (religious institution that uses that language). But whoever calls the brother (Jesus) fool (Greek word) is liable for hell fire. Additional (double) meanings:
If Jesus (one of the many) is angry with the brother, that brother is liable for the judgment (as is Jesus who must then do that judgment) .... but whoever Jesus calls a fool (Greek word, in parables, sayings, etc.) is liable for hell fire (as is Jesus who must then do that hell fire).
Can Jesus implicitly and indirectly call the religious establishment
"fools" by teaching the "
truth"? Once the people know the "
truth", it becomes obvious to them that the religious establishment is not teaching the entire "
truth" and they thus appear as
"fools".
[computer science teaching examples, Green Acres syndrome]
13. Matthew 5:23-24 Gift at the alter
Matthew 5:23 Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee; [kjv]
5:24 Leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way; first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift. [kjv]
There are two main events or competitions.
Great Commission (what Jesus wants you to do)
Gifts on the altar (what birds want you to do)
Which is the most important event or competition?
Which is just a shadow of an event or competition?
14. Matthew 5:27-28 Overview
Matthew 5:27 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery: [kjv]
5:28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. [kjv]
[He's looking at me! Bad jokes.]
This verse is from the man's point of view (e.g., groom, Jesus, God). The next verse requires one to switch to the woman's point of view (e.g., bride, Church, Israel).
Passive adultery can (with high probability) move to
active adultery. [making crude comments in a humerus way]. Initiating
active adultery (without overt force) involves
seduction,
deception,
entrapment, etc.
15. Matthew 5:29-30 Overview
Matthew 5:29 And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell. [kjv]
5:30 And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell. [kjv]
The previous verse was from the man's point of view (e.g., groom, Jesus, God). This verse requires one to switch to the woman's point of view (e.g., bride, Church, Israel).
One reaction of the woman is to
block or
reject such advances.
16. Matthew 5:29 Body parts and animals
Matthew 5:29 And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell. [kjv]
ει δε ο οφθαλμος σου ο δεξιος σκανδαλιζει σε εξελε αυτον και βαλε απο σου συμφερει γαρ σοι ινα αποληται εν των μελων σου και μη ολον το σωμα σου βληθη εις γεενναν [gnt]
|
eye/leader
|
hand/muscle
|
foot/walk
|
hair (strand)
|
|
|
|
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
heaven/air
|
land/earth
|
sea/world
|
land/earth
|
Jesus is the
true head.
Models are more than just
opinion.
Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful. George Box, Statistician.
17. Matthew 5:30 Hands that entrap
18. Matthew 5:30 Paraphrase
Matthew 5:30 And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off, and cast it from thee… [kjv]
και ει η δεξια σου χειρ σκανδαλιζει σε εκκοψον αυτην και βαλε απο σου … [gnt]
Play on words:
if the but a shadow of a hand entraps you ...
if the but a shadow of a pig entraps you ...
if the but a shadow of (something) worse entraps you ...
19. Matthew 5:31-32 Cutout the adultery and divorce
Matthew 5:31 It hath been said, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement: [kjv]
5:32 But I say unto you, That whosoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery: and whosoever shall marry her that is divorced committeth adultery. [kjv]
The
KJV (King James Version) translates as
"cause" and
"causeth" the Greek words that do
not mean "
cause".
One reaction is to
allow or
accept such advances. This is
fornication. The
husband can then
divorce or
separate from or
put away the
woman. The
man who then
marries the
woman commits
active adultery as does the
woman.
20. Build summary and verse structure
Here is a summary build of the progression. The verse structure is as follows.
Matthew 5:27-32: adultery/separation
primary literal meaning of man and woman.
secondary (intended) meaning Christ and church, etc.
Verse groups:
27-28. Passive desire (potential adultery in the mind).
29-30. Active desire rejected/blocked
31-32. Active desire accepted/separated (actualized adultery in reality)
21. Matthew 5:33-37: Hairs of the head - yes no
Matthew 5:33 Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old time, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths: [kjv]
5:34 But I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God's throne: [kjv]
5:35 Nor by the earth; for it is his footstool: neither by Jerusalem; for it is the city of the great King. [kjv]
5:36 Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair white or black. [kjv]
5:37 But let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil. [kjv]
Here we look at the
"head" and the
"hairs". The
"oaths" and
"swearing" are covered separately.
22. Matthew 5:37 Oaths build
Matthew 5:37 But let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil. [kjv]
Jesus gives the
answers:
Think/
reason "yes" "yes" "no" "no".What are the
questions?
23. Birds
A "
bird" that wants you to "
do" what you should not be "
doing" might be called a "
dodo" "
bird".
If the "
bird" wants your money, it might be called a "
dough" "
dough" "
bird"?
Instead, one should "
do" "
do"
good works. If not, you might end up in big "
doo-doo".
If you end up baptized by sprinkling, you might be "
dew" what you are "
due".
24. Matthew 5: Claude Shannon
Digital communication uses
bits as
1 (
true) and
0 (
false) or, for example,
"yes" and
"no".
Matthew 5:37 But let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil. [kjv]
The verse Matthew 5:37 was used on presentation slides by the founder of modern information theory, Claude Shannon, as he presented his new theory of information to interested groups.
Source: Gleick's book
The Information: A history, a theory, a flood.
25. Matthew 5:38-42 Seeing eye to eye
26. Animal analogies
Exodus 21:24 Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, [kjv]
Matthew 5:38 Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth: [kjv]
Why does Jesus stop with just "
eye" and "
tooth"? Why not continue with "
hand" and "
foot" and others from Exodus? The animal analogy goes as follows.
"sheep" are the true believers.
"birds" sit in the seat of the scornful and are the false leaders or "eyes".
"pigs" get in the way of sinners wanting to repent and work (influence, rend, etc.) for the "birds" as the "hands".
"fish" of the "sea" (humanity) walk/swim in sin and are attracted to the false light as the "feet".
Perhaps the four verses that follow relate more to the "
birds" or "
eyes" or false leaders and not to the "
pigs" as "
hands" or "
fish" as "
feet" roles. In those verses, it appears that the "
you" refers to "
sheep".
27. Matthew 5:39 Paraphrase
Matthew 5:39 But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. [kjv]
εγω δε λεγω υμιν μη αντιστηναι τω πονηρω αλλ οστις σε ραπιζει εις την δεξιαν σιαγονα σου στρεψον αυτω και την αλλην [gnt]
5:39:
But I say to you. Do not stand in place of the evil/oppression (get in the way of the adversary). But whoever [bones, enemy, hostile] shall cause thee to strike (rapidly, false start) on your [but a shadow] of a right jawbone (offensive weapon) [the (evil, oppressive) contest, competition] turn from that to the other [(true) contest, competition].
Example:
Saul, later
Paul, under orders from the religious establishment, sought to strike out (false start) on a (evil) contest or competition, but was directed to turn from that contest or competition to the true contest or competition. Interestingly, this example of Paul will fit the next few verses as a continuation of the analogy or story.
This verse relates to both the "
altar" verse back in 5:23-24 and the "
agree" with the "
adversary" verse back in verses 5:25-26.
28. Matthew 5:40 Paraphrase
Matthew 5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
και τω θελοντι σοι κριθηναι και τον χιτωνα σου λαβειν αφες αυτω και το ιματιον [gnt]
5:40:
and the (evil religious institution, judger's) (who) desire to separate (judge) you and take your cloke (outer body), and so forgive or let go them (evil religious institution, judger's) (their) garment (of unrighteousness [I am what being?])
This idea will now be continued in the following verses. Is there
precedent for
"forgiving" others their
"garments" of
"unrighteousness"?
This idea will then be repeated in another way in a few more verses in terms of "
love your enemies".
How would you define an "enemy"?
How would you define a "neighbor"?
What is the difference?
 |
Details are left as a future topic.
|
29. Matthew 5:41 Paraphrase
Matthew 5:41 And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain. [kjv]
και οστις σε αγγαρευσει μιλιον εν υπαγε μετ αυτου δυο [gnt]
5:41 paraphrase:
Whosoever [enemy, hostile, bones] compels (you) to be a messenger with a message one mile [with an indistinct message, millstone] go away with the message two [of God].
Example: Paul was compelled as a messenger of the religious institution to go one mile (with an indistinct message). Instead, he changed course and went two miles (and more) with a message of God.
30. Matthew 5:42 Overview
Matthew 5:42 Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away. [kjv]
τω αιτουντι σε δος και τον θελοντα απο σου δανισασθαι μη αποστραφης [gnt]
The Angels are asking for (requesting) a shortstop. The shortstop desires (support) from the Padres to play for the Angels. The Padres (should) give the shortstop as an (indefinite, free) loan to the Angels (until the end of the season). Do not turn back (have regrets).
Give him (to) them (who are) asking. And, him (who is) desiring from you, loan (him) (to them). No turning back.
Give him them asking. And, him desiring from you loan. No turning back.
Give you it asking. And, him desiring from you loan. No turning back.
It asking you give. And, him desiring from you loan. No turning back.
Note: To go from
verbal (less ambiguous pronouns, missing words) to
written form (less clear), the first
"you" or
"thee" is changed to
"him". (explained below)
31. Matthew 5:42 Paraphrase
Matthew 5:42 Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away. [kjv]
τω αιτουντι σε δος και τον θελοντα απο σου δανισασθαι μη αποστραφης [gnt]
Here is a
bottom-up English written paraphrase from the
top-down spoken Greek. [you give you]
5:32 paraphrase:
Do not turn back/away from anyone desiring a loan from you (without repayment) for giving (dedicating) that person to the requesting (of) it (message/messenger of God).
In the top-down (spoken) Greek the later references are clear when spoken. In the bottom-up English, the references are not defined until later so they may need to be moved earlier in the paraphrase. That is, a look-ahead is required.
32. Matthew 5:39-42 Comparison
Turn away:
Matthew 5:39 But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. [kjv]
Desire:
5:40 And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also. [kjv]
Message:
5:41 And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain. [kjv]
Message,
desire,
turn away:
5:42 Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away. [kjv]
33. Summary comparison abstracted
Here is an abstracted summary comparison of the words in common (from above)
5:39 ...
turn ... (the right cheek, from the wrong competition ... )
5:40 ...
desire ... (to take cloke, garment) ...
5:41 ...
message (of God) as
it ...
5:32: ...
message as
it ...
desire ...
turn ... (reverse order)
Matthew 6:33 But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you. [kjv]
ζητειτε δε πρωτον την βασιλειαν και την δικαιοσυνην αυτου και ταυτα παντα προστεθησεται υμιν [gnt]
Interestingly, the
"it" as the
"message" is never identified. The
message appears to represent the
Holy Spirit which never speaks of itself. In the verses, "
it" as a "
message" is a
pronoun.
34. John 16:13-14
John 16:13 Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will shew you things to come. [kjv]
οταν δε ελθη εκεινος το πνευμα της αληθειας οδηγησει υμας εις την αληθειαν πασαν εν τη αληθεια παση ου γαρ λαλησει αφ εαυτου αλλ οσα ακουει λαλησει και τα ερχομενα αναγγελει υμιν [gnt]
16:14 He shall glorify me: for he shall receive of mine, and shall shew it unto you. [kjv]
εκεινος εμε δοξασει οτι εκ του εμου λημψεται και αναγγελει υμιν [gnt]
The Holy Spirit
asks and
turns you and you
desire to go (miles) with that
message (of God).
The Greek word translated as
"receive" is that of
"take".
35. Table comparison
There are some interesting comparisons with Matthew 5:13-17 (salt verses) and 5:39-42 (cheek verses). In both cases, the verses (or parts of verses) are presented top-down and may make more sense (to many people) backwards in bottom-up form.
| # |
salt verses |
common |
cheek verses |
# |
animal |
part |
| 13 |
salt |
trample, hit turn, paths |
turn cheek (from the path) |
39 |
pigs turn |
hands |
| 14 |
city/many on mountain |
separation exposed |
cloak exposed |
40 |
fish desire |
feet |
| 15 |
candle/basket |
leaders (false) messages |
walk a mile messagized |
41 |
birds message |
eyes |
| 16 |
light shine good works |
positive advice |
give/loan good works |
42 |
sheep |
(white) hairs |
36. Grouped verses
Matthew 5:43 Ye have heard that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thine enemy. [kjv]
5:44 But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you; [kjv]
5:45 That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. [kjv]
5:46 For if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? do not even the publicans the same? [kjv]
5:47 And if ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more than others? do not even the publicans so? [kjv]
5:48 Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect. [kjv]
37. Matthew 5:45-46 Rain on the just and unjust
Matthew 5:45 That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. [kjv]
5:46 For if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? do not even the publicans the same? [kjv]
At the end of the Sermon on the Mount summary, the "
rain" will fall on
both the "
house" built on "
rock" and the "
house" built on "
sand". One wall not "
fall". One will be "
cut off".
38. Matthew 5:46 Love and hate
Matthew 5:46 For if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? do not even the publicans the same? [kjv]
εαν γαρ αγαπησητε τους αγαπωντας υμας τινα μισθον εχετε ουχι και οι τελωναι το αυτο ποιουσιν [gnt]
Jesus uses the "
heathen" or "
ethnics" to refer to the "
sea" of "
humanity" or "
fish" and uses the "
publicans" collectively to refer to both the "
birds" or "
eyes" and the "
pigs" or "
hands".
The ancient Greek word
"μισθός" ≈ "wages, pay, recompense, reward" and, as a play on words,
"μῖσος" ≈ "hatred, hate".
If you love them which love you, what reward have you?
If you love them which love you, what hate (for others) have you?
Can you imagine what a
"hateful" "
bird" or
false "
leader" or "
eye" might be like? They would always have the faithful under a
"watch" or
"prison" as if in a
"cage".
39. More connections
| 1 |
5:21‑26 |
alterated gifts (two ways) Ephesus (sower) not come to reside in law |
anger, raca, fool alter gift watch, last farthing |
| 2 |
5:27‑32 |
adulterated attacks Smyrna (weeds) jots and tittles of the law |
adultery glue, separate divorce, separation |
| 3 |
5:33‑37 |
deceptive oaths Pergamus (tree and birds) birdhouse rules |
do not swear oaths true head and hairs think yes‑yes no‑no |
| 4 |
5:38‑42 5:43‑48 |
loanly contested smiles love the enemy at the gate Thyatira (leaven) birdhouse righteousness |
think and do ‑ makes enemies enemies as neighbors (birds, pigs, fish) |
| 5 |
6:1‑4 |
do hide and seek Sardus (treasure) not everyone will enter |
hide good works, seek righteousness |
| 6 |
6:5‑8 |
do not show and tell Philadelphia (pearl) many works will not count |
display for rewards, many words |
| 7 |
6:9‑13 |
thy kingdom come Laodicea (end of the age) I never knew you. Depart! |
Lord's prayer |
Matthew 5:21-6-13 (bottom-up, forward-chaining)
At each stage, there are both positive and negative aspects of the connections.
40. Verse build by row
Many verses are typically handled one at a time, one (refrigerator magnet) sermon per verse, sometimes a few grouped verses, and than in the order in which they appear. In the verse model, some sequences are
top-down backward-chaining while others are
bottom-up forward-chaining.
41. Lord's Prayer in Matthew 6:9-13
This is the Lord's Prayer (summary) in Matthew 6:9-13.
42. Lord's Prayer in Matthew
Sermon on the Mount:
| 4 |
four foreword sequences (one split) |
| 2 |
two backward sequences |
| 1 |
Lord's Prayer subsequence (self‑similar fractal) |
| 7 |
sequences total |
43. End of page