- *G4642 *5 σκληρός (sklay-ros') : from the base of G4628; dry, i.e. hard or tough (figuratively, harsh, severe):--fierce, hard.
- σκληρος *2
- Matthew 25:24 ... that thou art an hard man, reaping where ...
- John 6:60 ... This is an hard saying; who can ...
- σκληρων *2
- James 3:4 ... and are driven of fierce winds, yet are they turned about with ...
- Jude 1:15 ... and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners ...
- σκληρον
- Acts 26:14 ... why persecutest thou me? it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.
6. Usage - hard
*G4642 *5 σκληρός (sklay-ros') : from the base of G4628; dry, i.e. hard or tough (figuratively, harsh, severe):--fierce, hard.
 |
Words: σκληρον σκληρος=2 σκληρων=2
|
The ancient Greek word
"σκληρός" ≈ "hard, harsh" as in a
"hard" heart and is the source of the English word
"arteriosclerosis" as a "
hardening of the arteries".
7. Genesis 35:17
KJV: And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; thou shalt have this son also.
Hebrew: ויהי בהקשתה בלדתה ותאמר לה המילדת אל תיראי כי גם זה לך בן׃
Greek: εγενετο δε εν τω σκληρως αυτην τικτειν ειπεν αυτη η μαια θαρσει και γαρ ουτος σοι εστιν υιος
Latin: ob difficultatem partus periclitari coepit dixitque ei obsetrix noli timere quia et hunc habebis filium
Luther: Und es kam sie hart an über der Geburt. Da es ihr aber so sauer ward in der Geburt, sprach die Wehmutter zu ihr: Fürchte dich nicht, denn diesen Sohn wirst du auch haben.
8. Matthew 11:30 Soft
9. A hard look at soft ideas
The
temptations of Jesus by Satan form most of chapter 4 of Matthew. Jesus acquires some disciples, starts to preach the gospel of the kingdom, heal the sick and diseased, etc.
Matthew 4:23 And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people. [kjv]
και περιηγεν εν ολη τη γαλιλαια διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν εν τω λαω [gnt]
… sanans … languorem … infirmitatem … [v]
The ancient Greek word
"μαλακός" ≈ "soft, tender, gentle, mild". Of persons, in a bad sense, it means
"faint-hearted",
"effeminate",
"cowardly",
"incapable of bearing pain". It can mean
"effeminate" and, for sexual partners, the "
passive" or "
receptive" side of such a relationship.
This word is used in the
GNT and
LXX (Septuagint) is translated in various and interesting ways. What is the range of meanings for this Greek word? Aristotle to the rescue!
10. Aristotle: On coming to be
Aristotle use the example of "
indivisibles", not using the "
atomic" word of Democritus, to refer to "
indivisibles" (implied) in terms of
"hard" and
"soft".
English: Again, if an indivisible can be hard it can also be soft; and the soft is always so-called because it can be acted upon; for that which yields to pressure is soft. (Loeb#400, p. 245)
Greek: Ἀλλὰ μὴν εἰ σκληρόν, καὶ μαλακόν.Τὸ δὲ μαλακὸν ἤδη τῷ πάσχειν τι λέγεται· τὸ γὰρ ὑπεικτικὸν μαλακόν. [Aristotle: On coming to be and passing away [326a]
Applying this to people, people who are
"soft" would
"yield to pressure" and not be
"firm" or
"hard" in certain ways.
11. Aristotle: Soft and hard
English: For the soft is that which can be pressed in upon itself, and the hard is that which cannot; and anything which can be pressed in is divisible. (Loeb#338, p. 265)
Greek: ... Μαλακὸν μὲν γὰρ τὸ εἰς ἑαυτὸ ὑπεῖκον, σκληρὸν δὲ τὸ μὴ ὑπεῖκον· τὸ δὲ ὑπεῖκον διαιρετόν. Aristotle: On the heavens [299b]
English: for the dense and the rare under that aspect are the causes of movement, whereas under their aspect of hard and soft they are the cause of readiness or unreadiness to yield, an so of qualitative modification rather than of local movement. (Loeb#228, p. 371)
Greek: τὸ γὰρ πυκνὸν καὶ τὸ μανὸν κατὰ ταύτην τὴν ἐναντίωσιν φορᾶς ποιητικά, κατὰ δὲ τὸ σκληρὸν καὶ μαλακὸν πάθους καὶ ἀπαθείας, καὶ οὐ φορᾶς ἀλλ' ἑτεροιώσεως μᾶλλον. Aristotle: Physics [217b]
12. Aristotle: Meteorology
Aristotle goes though a long discussion to conclude that "
hard" and "
soft" can be
absolute or
relative to some standard and that relative standard is based on the sensation of "
touch".
English: Things which posses these characteristics without qualification are hard and soft absolutely; things which possess them in relation to something else are hard and soft relatively . ... (Loeb#397, p. 315)
Greek: ἁπλῶς μὲν οὖν σκληρὸν ἢ μαλακὸν τὸ ἁπλῶς τοιοῦτον, πρὸς ἕτερον δὲ τὸ πρὸς ἐκεῖνο τοιοῦτον. ... Aristotle: Meteorologica [382a]
English: … it is clear that both hard and soft are defined absolutely with reference to touch, which we use as a mean saying that what exceeds it is hard and what falls short of it is soft. (Loeb#397, p. 315)
Greek: … δῆλον ὅτι καὶ τὸ σκληρὸν καὶ τὸ μαλακὸν ἁπλῶς πρὸς τὴν ἁφὴν ὡρίκαμεν, ὡς μεσότητι χρώμενοι τῇ ἁφῇ· διὸ τὸ μὲν ὑπερβάλλον αὐτὴν σκληρόν, τὸ δ' ἐλλεῖπον μαλακὸν εἶναί φαμεν. Aristotle: Meteorologica [382a.13]
13. Aristotle: Categories
English: We call men good boxers or runners not in virtue of some disposition but owing to a natural capacity to do this or that thing with ease. When we speak of the healthy, we mean that such people have powers of resistance, ready, innate, constitutional, against all the commoner ills; when we speak of sickness, we mean those who seem to posses no such powers. [Loeb#325, p. 67]
Greek: [9a.10] οἷον πυκτικοὶ ἢ δρομικοὶ λέγονται οὐ τῷ διακεῖσθαί πως ἀλλὰ τῷ δύναμιν ἔχειν φυσικὴν τοῦ ποιῆσαί τι ῥᾳδίως, ὑγιεινοὶ δὲ λέγονται τῷ δύναμιν ἔχειν φυσικὴν τοῦ μηδὲν πάσχειν ὑπὸ τῶν τυχόντων ῥᾳδίως, νοσώδεις δὲ τῷ ἀδυναμίαν ἔχειν τοῦ μηδὲν πάσχειν. Aristotle: Categories, [9a]
In his opening work called Categories, Aristotle uses "
health" and
"disease" or
"sickness" as a setup for defining
"hardness" and
"softness".
14. Aristotle: Categories
English: It is thus, too, with hardness and softness. We predicate hardness of that which resists disintegration and softness of that which does not. [Loeb#325, p. 67]
Greek: ὁμοίως δὲ τούτοις καὶ τὸ σκληρὸν καὶ τὸ μαλακὸν ἔχει· τὸ μὲν γὰρ σκληρὸν λέγεται τῷ δύναμιν ἔχειν τοῦ μὴ ῥᾳδίως διαιρεῖσθαι, τὸ δὲ μαλακὸν τῷ ἀδυναμίαν ἔχειν τοῦ αὐτοῦ τούτου. Aristotle: Categories, [9a]
|
|
 |
| Relative opposites |
| hardness |
softness |
| whiteness |
blackness |
| coldness |
warmth |
| sweetness |
bitterness/sourness |
| moistness |
dryness |
|
Thus,
"hardness" and
"softness" are, in a sense, relative opposites where there is not a clear dividing line between the two extremes. Aristotle goes on to list other such relative opposites which are sometimes translated as "
alterations".
15. Hardness and softness
Given the background on
"hard" and
"soft" from Aristotle, let us look at some verses in the
GNT, some early church fathers, and the
LXX. In many cases, the translation is
"disease" but that appears to be a specific instance of the general idea of
"soft"
16. Matthew
Matthew 4:23 And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people. [kjv]
και περιηγεν εν ολη τη γαλιλαια διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν εν τω λαω [gnt]
… sanans … languorem … infirmitatem … [v]
9:35 And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every disease among the people. [kjv]
και περιηγεν ο ιησους τας πολεις πασας και τας κωμας διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν [gnt]
… curans … languorem … infirmitatem [v]
10:1 And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease. [kjv]
και προσκαλεσαμενος τους δωδεκα μαθητας αυτου εδωκεν αυτοις εξουσιαν πνευματων ακαθαρτων ωστε εκβαλλειν αυτα και θεραπευειν πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν [gnt]
… curarent … languorem … infirmitatem [v]
17. Matthew 4:23
KJV: And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people.
Greek: και περιηγεν ολην την γαλιλαιαν ο ιησους εν ολη τη γαλιλαια διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν εν τω λαω
Latin: et circumibat Iesus totam Galilaeam docens in synagogis eorum et praedicans evangelium regni et sanans omnem languorem et omnem infirmitatem in populo
18. Matthew 9:35
KJV: And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every disease among the people.
Greek: και περιηγεν ο ιησους τας πολεις πασας και τας κωμας διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν εν τω λαω
Latin: et circumibat Iesus civitates omnes et castella docens in synagogis eorum et praedicans evangelium regni et curans omnem languorem et omnem infirmitatem
19. Matthew 10:1
KJV: And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease.
Greek: και προσκαλεσαμενος τους δωδεκα μαθητας αυτου εδωκεν αυτοις εξουσιαν πνευματων ακαθαρτων ωστε εκβαλλειν αυτα και θεραπευειν πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν
Latin: et convocatis duodecim discipulis suis dedit illis potestatem spirituum inmundorum ut eicerent eos et curarent omnem languorem et omnem infirmitatem
20. Matthew and Luke
Matthew 10:1 And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease. [kjv]
και προσκαλεσαμενος τους δωδεκα μαθητας αυτου εδωκεν αυτοις εξουσιαν πνευματων ακαθαρτων ωστε εκβαλλειν αυτα και θεραπευειν πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν [gnt]
… curarent … languorem … infirmitatem [v]
Luke 9:1 Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power and authority over all devils, and to cure diseases. [kjv]
συγκαλεσαμενος δε τους δωδεκα εδωκεν αυτοις δυναμιν και εξουσιαν επι παντα τα δαιμονια και νοσους θεραπευειν [gnt]
For some reason, Luke leaves out the ancient Greek word
"μαλακία" ≈ "softness, effeminacy, unmanliness, feebleness, faint-hardheartedness". Why might this word have been omitted?
Luke does use the word in connection with those in palaces so the word was in the vocabulary used by Luke.
21. Luke 9:1
KJV: Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power and authority over all devils, and to cure diseases.
Greek: συγκαλεσαμενος δε τους δωδεκα μαθητας αυτου εδωκεν αυτοις δυναμιν και εξουσιαν επι παντα τα δαιμονια και νοσους θεραπευειν
22. Luke
Luke 4:40 Now when the sun was setting, all they that had any sick with divers diseases brought them unto him; and he laid his hands on every one of them, and healed them. [kjv]
δυνοντος δε του ηλιου απαντες οσοι ειχον ασθενουντας νοσοις ποικιλαις ηγαγον αυτους προς αυτον ο δε ενι εκαστω αυτων τας χειρας επιτιθεις εθεραπευεν αυτους [gnt]
5:15 But so much the more went there a fame abroad of him: and great multitudes came together to hear, and to be healed by him of their infirmities. [kjv]
διηρχετο δε μαλλον ο λογος περι αυτου και συνηρχοντο οχλοι πολλοι ακουειν και θεραπευεσθαι απο των ασθενειων αυτων [gnt]
For some reason, Luke leaves out the ancient Greek word
"μαλακία" ≈ "softness, effeminacy, unmanliness, feebleness, faint-hardheartedness". Why might this word have been omitted?
In Luke 5:15, the word translated by the
KJV (King James Version) as
"fame" is the ancient Greek word
"λόγος" ≈ "rational explanation, word" is in "
In the beginning was the word" (John 1:1)
23. Luke 4:40
KJV: Now when the sun was setting, all they that had any sick with divers diseases brought them unto him; and he laid his hands on every one of them, and healed them.
Greek: δυνοντος δε του ηλιου παντες απαντες οσοι ειχον ασθενουντας νοσοις ποικιλαις ηγαγον αυτους προς αυτον ο δε ενι εκαστω αυτων τας χειρας επιθεις εθεραπευσεν επιτιθεις εθεραπευεν αυτους
24. Luke 5:15
KJV: But so much the more went there a fame abroad of him: and great multitudes came together to hear, and to be healed by him of their infirmities.
Greek: διηρχετο δε μαλλον ο λογος περι αυτου και συνηρχοντο οχλοι πολλοι ακουειν και θεραπευεσθαι υπ αυτου απο των ασθενειων αυτων
25. Common phrase
Matthew 9:35 And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every disease among the people. [kjv]
και περιηγεν ο ιησους τας πολεις πασας και τας κωμας διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν [gnt]
… curans … languorem … infirmitatem [v]
Matthew uses similar phrases and words three times. Twice Jesus does the actions. Then Jesus gives the disciples power to do this as he sends them out. Let us look at three words, one at a time, in the one phrase near the end.
Some of the words do not use the primary meaning and some of the words have been translated over time using a meaning found nowhere else than in the
GNT.
In many cases, the Latin translation four centuries later established the Bible meaning going forward of these words.
26. Greek language translation
The Bible dictionary used by pastors, etc. is often explained away as being a different Greek, the Koine Greek, that the people spoke, with special idioms of Greek. Changes are often attributed to:
☐ Koine Greek being different than Ancient Greek.
☐ Originally written in Aramaic. Koine Greek had many idioms.
☐ English changing over the years.
A problem arises when ancient, medieval and modern Greek, as one continuous language, have the same meaning for the same word but the Koine Greek definition is different and matches the Latin word used to translate that Greek word in the 4th century. This happens with many important words but not so much with less important words. Suspicion arises when the common Greek meaning makes more sense in the Bible text than the English word based on the Latin word.
[Amplified Bible, Berean Bible, Bible Hub]
[language
ambiguity,
preciseness of Greek language fallacy]
27. Usage - heal
 |
Words: εθεραπευεν εθεραπευθη=3 εθεραπευθησαν εθεραπευον εθεραπευοντο=3 εθεραπευσεν=13 θεραπευει=2 θεραπευειν=2 θεραπευεσθαι θεραπευεσθε θεραπευεται θεραπευετε=2 θεραπευθηναι θεραπευοντες θεραπευσαι=3 θεραπευσον θεραπευσω θεραπευων=2 τεθεραπευμεναι τεθεραπευμενον τεθεραπευμενω
|
*G2323 *43 θεραπεύω (ther-ap-yoo'-o) : from the same as G2324; to wait upon menially, i.e. (figuratively) to adore (God), or (specially) to relieve (of disease):--cure, heal, worship.
The ancient Greek word
"θεραπεύω" ≈ "wait on, obey, flatter consult, cure, heal" and is the source of the English word
"therapy". The primary meaning is that of attending to or waiting on and not of curing or healing.
28. Attending to healing
Matthew 4:23 And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people. [kjv]
… sanans … languorem … infirmitatem … [v]
9:35 And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every disease among the people. [kjv]
… curans … languorem … infirmitatem [v]
The Latin word
"sano" ≈ "heal, cure, restore" and is the source of the English word
"sanatorium" as an institution to treat chronic diseases. The Latin word
"curans" ≈ "arrange, attend, heal, cure" and is the source of the English word
"cure".
Interestingly, both the Greek and the Latin word (used most often in these verses) have the primary idea of attending to and not of healing.
It is not clear why verses that are almost the same have two different Latin words for the Greek word translated as "
healing" but which has the primary meaning of "
attending to"
29. Strongs - disease
- *G3554 *11 νόσος (nos'-os) : of uncertain affinity; a malady (rarely figuratively, of moral disability):--disease, infirmity, sickness.
- νοσον *3
- Matthew 4:23 ... and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease ...
- Matthew 9:35 ... and healing every sickness and every disease ...
- Matthew 10:1 ... and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease.
- νοσοις *3
- Matthew 4:24 ... sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments, and ...
- Mark 1:34 ... that were sick of divers diseases, and cast out many ...
- Luke 4:40 ... had any sick with divers diseases brought them unto ...
- νοσους *3
- Matthew 8:17 ... infirmities, and bare our sicknesses.
- Luke 9:1 ... devils, and to cure diseases.
- Acts 19:12 ... or aprons, and the diseases departed from them, ...
- νοσων *2
- Luke 6:17 ... to be healed of their diseases;
- Luke 7:21 ... he cured many of their infirmities and plagues, and ...
30. Usage - disease
 |
Words: νοσοις=3 νοσον=3 νοσους=3 νοσων=2
|
*G3554 *11 νόσος (nos'-os) : of uncertain affinity; a malady (rarely figuratively, of moral disability):--disease, infirmity, sickness.
The ancient Greek word
"νόσος" ≈ "sickness, disease, distress".
31. Sickness
Matthew 4:23 And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people. [kjv]
και περιηγεν εν ολη τη γαλιλαια διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν εν τω λαω [gnt]
… sanans … languorem … infirmitatem … [v]
The Latin word
"languor" ≈ "faintness, feebleness, apathy" and is the source of the English word
"languor". The English word
"languish" is, through French, from the Latin word
"languere" ≈ "be faint, unwell".
The ancient Greek word
"νόσος" ≈ "sickness, disease, distress".
32. Strongs - sickness
- *G3119 *3 μαλακία (mal-ak-ee'-ah) : from G3120 μαλακός; softness, i.e. enervation (debility):--disease.
- μαλακιαν *3
- Matthew 4:23 ... sickness and all manner of disease among the people.
- Matthew 9:35 ... sickness and every disease among the people.
- Matthew 10:1 ... sickness and all manner of disease.
- *G3120 *4 μαλακός (mal-ak-os') : of uncertain affinity; soft, i.e. fine (clothing); figuratively, a catamite:--effeminate, soft.
- μαλακοις *2
- Matthew 11:8 ... clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in ...
- Luke 7:25 ... A man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they which ...
- μαλακα
- Matthew 11:8 ... clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in ...
- μαλακοι
- 1 Corinthians 6:9 ... nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind,
33. Disease
Matthew 9:35 And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every disease among the people. [kjv]
… curans … languorem … infirmitatem [v]
Here the meaning does not match well with the ancient Greek definitions.
The English, from the Latin, appears to repeat the similar meaning of
"sickness" as
"disease". The Latin word
"infirmus" ≈ "week, feeble, unhealthy" and is the source of the English word
"infirm" and
"infirmity".
34. Usage - sickness
 |
Words: μαλακα μαλακιαν=3 μαλακοι μαλακοις=2
|
*G3119 *3 μαλακία (mal-ak-ee'-ah) : from G3120; softness, i.e. enervation (debility):--disease.
*G3120 *4 μαλακός (mal-ak-os') : of uncertain affinity; soft, i.e. fine (clothing); figuratively, a catamite:--effeminate, soft.
From the Cambridge Greek Lexicon (volume 2), the ancient Greek word
"μαλακία" ≈ "softness, effeminacy, unmanliness, feebleness, faint-hardheartedness". Only in the
GNT is the meaning
"infirmity" or
"sickness".
What type of
"softness" or
"effeminacy" or
"unmanliness" might Jesus, and here the disciples, have been healing?
35. Hebrew for angel
Although the words appear to sound similar, the
Greek word for "
softness" does not appear to be related to the
Hebrew word for "
angel".
Zechariah 3:6 And the angel of the LORD protested unto Joshua, saying, [kjv]
… מלאך … [he]
και διεμαρτυρατο ο αγγελος κυριου προς ιησουν λεγων [lxx]
… angelus … [v]
The English word
"angel" comes from the Latin word
"angelus" ≈ "angel" which comes from the ancient Greek word
"ἄγγελος" ≈ "messenger, one that announces" and which comes from the Persian. Thus, in Matthew 5:41:
if someone compels you to be a messenger one mile, go with him/it two.
36. Zechariah 3:6
KJV: And the angel of the LORD protested unto Joshua, saying,
Hebrew: ויעד מלאך יהוה ביהושע לאמר׃
Greek: και διεμαρτυρατο ο αγγελος κυριου προς ιησουν λεγων
Latin: et contestabatur angelus Domini Iesum dicens
37. Matthew
Matthew 11:8 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses. [kjv]
αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι τα μαλακα φορουντες εν τοις οικοις των βασιλεων [gnt]
From the Cambridge Greek Lexicon (volume 2), the ancient Greek word
"μαλακία" ≈ "softness, effeminacy, unmanliness, feebleness, faint-hardheartedness". Only in the
GNT is the meaning
"infirmity" or
"sickness".
The ancient Greek word
"μαλακός" ≈ "soft, tender, gentle, mild". Of persons, in a bad sense, it means
"faint-hearted",
"effeminate",
"cowardly",
"incapable of bearing pain". It can mean
"effeminate" and, for sexual partners, the "
passive" or "
receptive" side of such a relationship.
38. False prophets
39. Luke
40. Matthew
Matthew 11:8 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses. [kjv]
αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι τα μαλακα φορουντες εν τοις οικοις των βασιλεων [gnt]
Luke 20:22 Is it lawful for us to give tribute unto Caesar, or no? [kjv]
εξεστιν ημας καισαρι φορον δουναι η ου [gnt]
The
"soft" has meanings that transcend clothing - a word added in some Greek manuscripts. The ancient Greek word
"ἀμφινέμομαι" ≈ "dwell around" and starts with "
ambi" meaning "
both". The word for
"clothing" is inferred from the word
"carry" which is almost the same word used for a
"tax". The tense of the word used by Jesus makes the word for
"clothing" a close match with
"tax" or
"tribute".
- "φορέω" ≈ "bear habitually" (used in Matthew 11:8)
- "φόρος" ≈ "tribute, tax" (used in Luke 20:22)
41. Pampered lifestyle
Matthew 11:8 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses. [kjv]
αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι τα μαλακα φορουντες εν τοις οικοις των βασιλεων [gnt]
Luke 7:25 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they which are gorgeously apparelled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts. [kjv]
αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ιματιοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι εν ιματισμω ενδοξω και τρυφη υπαρχοντες εν τοις βασιλειοις εισιν [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"τρυφαώ" ≈ "coddled, pampered, indulged". Luke records the "
delicately" or "
pampered". This detail is
not in Matthew.
42. Matthew 11:8
KJV: But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses.
Greek: αλλα τι εξηλθετε εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ιματιοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι τα μαλακα φορουντες εν τοις οικοις των βασιλεων εισιν
43. Matthew 11:9
KJV: But what went ye out for to see? A prophet? yea, I say unto you, and more than a prophet.
Greek: αλλα τι εξηλθετε ιδειν εξηλθατε προφητην ιδειν ναι λεγω υμιν και περισσοτερον προφητου
44. Luke 7:25
KJV: But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they which are gorgeously apparelled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts.
Greek: αλλα τι εξεληλυθατε εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ιματιοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι εν ιματισμω ενδοξω και τρυφη υπαρχοντες εν τοις βασιλειοις εισιν
45. Luke 20:22
KJV: Is it lawful for us to give tribute unto Caesar, or no?
Greek: εξεστιν ημιν ημας καισαρι φορον δουναι η ου
46. Luke 6:26
KJV: Woe unto you, when all men shall speak well of you! for so did their fathers to the false prophets.
Greek: ουαι υμιν οταν καλως υμας ειπωσιν παντες οι ανθρωποι κατα ταυτα τα αυτα γαρ εποιουν τοις ψευδοπροφηταις οι πατερες αυτων
47. Usage - dressed
*G3119 *3 μαλακία (mal-ak-ee'-ah) : from G3120 μαλακός; softness, i.e. enervation (debility):--disease.
*G3120 *4 μαλακός (mal-ak-os') : of uncertain affinity; soft, i.e. fine (clothing); figuratively, a catamite:--effeminate, soft.
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Words: μαλακα μαλακιαν=3 μαλακοι μαλακοις=2
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48. Strongs - wearing
Genesis 35:17 And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; thou shalt have this son also. [kjv]
εγενετο δε εν τω σκληρως αυτην τικτειν ειπεν αυτη η μαια θαρσει και γαρ ουτος σοι εστιν υιος [lxx]
… difficultatem … [v]
… hart … [lu]
Matthew 11:30 For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light. [kjv]
ο γαρ ζυγος μου χρηστος και το φορτιον μου ελαφρον εστιν [gnt]
… suave … [v]
… winsum … [wes]
… softe… [wy]
… easy … [ty]
… sanft… [lu]
Matthew 11:8 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses. [kjv]
αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι τα μαλακα φορουντες εν τοις οικοις των βασιλεων [gnt]
Luke 6:26 Woe unto you, when all men shall speak well of you! for so did their fathers to the false prophets. [kjv]
ουαι οταν καλως υμας ειπωσιν παντες οι ανθρωποι κατα τα αυτα γαρ εποιουν τοις ψευδοπροφηταις οι πατερες αυτων [gnt]
Matthew 11:8 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses. [kjv]
αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι τα μαλακα φορουντες εν τοις οικοις των βασιλεων [gnt]
Luke 7:25 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they which are gorgeously apparelled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts. [kjv]
αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ιματιοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι εν ιματισμω ενδοξω και τρυφη υπαρχοντες εν τοις βασιλειοις εισιν [gnt]
1 Corinthians 6:9 Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? Be not deceived: neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind, [kjv]
η ουκ οιδατε οτι αδικοι θεου βασιλειαν ου κληρονομησουσιν μη πλανασθε ουτε πορνοι ουτε ειδωλολατραι ουτε μοιχοι ουτε μαλακοι ουτε αρσενοκοιται [gnt]
1 Timothy 1:10 For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine; [kjv]
πορνοις αρσενοκοιταις ανδραποδισταις ψευσταις επιορκοις και ει τι ετερον τη υγιαινουση διδασκαλια αντικειται [gnt]
Genesis 42:4 But Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob sent not with his brethren; for he said, Lest peradventure mischief befall him. [kjv]
… אסון [he]
τον δε βενιαμιν τον αδελφον ιωσηφ ουκ απεστειλεν μετα των αδελφων αυτου ειπεν γαρ μηποτε συμβη αυτω μαλακια [lxx]
But Jacob sent not Benjamin, the brother of Joseph, with his brethren; for he said, Lest, haply, disease befall him. [bs3]
Genesis 42:38 And he said, My son shall not go down with you; for his brother is dead, and he is left alone: if mischief befall him by the way in the which ye go, then shall ye bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave. [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν ου καταβησεται ο υιος μου μεθ υμων οτι ο αδελφος αυτου απεθανεν και αυτος μονος καταλελειπται και συμβησεται αυτον μαλακισθηναι εν τη οδω η αν πορευησθε και καταξετε μου το γηρας μετα λυπης εις αδου [lxx]
44:29 And if ye take this also from me, and mischief befall him, ye shall bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave. [kjv]
εαν ουν λαβητε και τουτον εκ προσωπου μου και συμβη αυτω μαλακια εν τη οδω και καταξετε μου το γηρας μετα λυπης εις αδου [lxx]
Exodus 23:25 And ye shall serve the LORD your God, and he shall bless thy bread, and thy water; and I will take sickness away from the midst of thee. [kjv]
και λατρευσεις κυριω τω θεω σου και ευλογησω τον αρτον σου και τον οινον σου και το υδωρ σου και αποστρεψω μαλακιαν αφ υμων [lxx]
Deuteronomy 7:15 And the LORD will take away from thee all sickness, and will put none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which thou knowest, upon thee; but will lay them upon all them that hate thee. [kjv]
και περιελει κυριος απο σου πασαν μαλακιαν και πασας νοσους αιγυπτου τας πονηρας ας εωρακας και οσα εγνως ουκ επιθησει επι σε και επιθησει αυτα επι παντας τους μισουντας σε [lxx]
Deuteronomy 28:61 Also every sickness, and every plague, which is not written in the book of this law, them will the LORD bring upon thee, until thou be destroyed. [kjv]
και πασαν μαλακιαν και πασαν πληγην την μη γεγραμμενην εν τω βιβλιω του νομου τουτου επαξει κυριος επι σε εως αν εξολεθρευση σε [lxx]
2 Samuel 13:5 And Jonadab said unto him, Lay thee down on thy bed, and make thyself sick: and when thy father cometh to see thee, say unto him, I pray thee, let my sister Tamar come, and give me meat, and dress the meat in my sight, that I may see it, and eat it at her hand. [kjv]
και ειπεν αυτω ιωναδαβ κοιμηθητι επι της κοιτης σου και μαλακισθητι και εισελευσεται ο πατηρ σου του ιδειν σε και ερεις προς αυτον ελθετω δη θημαρ η αδελφη μου και ψωμισατω με και ποιησατω κατ οφθαλμους μου βρωμα οπως ιδω και φαγω εκ των χειρων αυτης [lxx]
2 Chronicles 6:29 Then what prayer or what supplication soever shall be made of any man, or of all thy people Israel, when every one shall know his own sore and his own grief, and shall spread forth his hands in this house: [kjv]
και πασα προσευχη και πασα δεησις η εαν γενηται παντι ανθρωπω και παντι λαω σου ισραηλ εαν γνω ανθρωπος την αφην αυτου και την μαλακιαν αυτου και διαπεταση τας χειρας αυτου εις τον οικον τουτον [lxx]
Then whatever prayer and whatever supplication shall be made by any man and all your people Israel, if a man should know his own plague and his own sickness, and should spread forth his hands towards this house; [bs3]
2 Chronicles 16:12 And Asa in the thirty and ninth year of his reign was diseased in his feet, until his disease was exceeding great: yet in his disease he sought not to the LORD, but to the physicians. [kjv]
και εμαλακισθη ασα εν τω ενατω και τριακοστω ετει της βασιλειας αυτου τους ποδας εως σφοδρα εμαλακισθη και εν τη μαλακια αυτου ουκ εζητησεν κυριον αλλα τους ιατρους [lxx]
And Asa was diseased in his feet in the thirty-ninth year of his reign, until he was very ill: but in his disease he sought not to the Lord, but to the physicians. [bs3]
2 Chronicles 21:15 And thou shalt have great sickness by disease of thy bowels, until thy bowels fall out by reason of the sickness day by day. [kjv]
και συ εν μαλακια πονηρα εν νοσω κοιλιας εως ου εξελθη η κοιλια σου μετα της μαλακιας εξ ημερων εις ημερας [lxx]
21:18 And after all this the LORD smote him in his bowels with an incurable disease. [kjv]
και μετα ταυτα παντα επαταξεν αυτον κυριος εις την κοιλιαν μαλακια εν η ουκ εστιν ιατρεια [lxx]
21:19 And it came to pass, that in process of time, after the end of two years, his bowels fell out by reason of his sickness: so he died of sore diseases. And his people made no burning for him, like the burning of his fathers. [kjv]
και εγενετο εξ ημερων εις ημερας και ως ηλθεν καιρος των ημερων ημερας δυο εξηλθεν η κοιλια αυτου μετα της νοσου και απεθανεν εν μαλακια πονηρα και ουκ εποιησεν ο λαος αυτου εκφοραν καθως εκφοραν πατερων αυτου [lxx]
2 Chronicles 24:25 And when they were departed from him, (for they left him in great diseases,) his own servants conspired against him for the blood of the sons of Jehoiada the priest, and slew him on his bed, and he died: and they buried him in the city of David, but they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings. [kjv]
και μετα το απελθειν αυτους απ αυτου εν τω εγκαταλιπειν αυτον εν μαλακιαις μεγαλαις και επεθεντο αυτω οι παιδες αυτου εν αιμασιν υιου ιωδαε του ιερεως και εθανατωσαν αυτον επι της κλινης αυτου και απεθανεν και εθαψαν αυτον εν πολει δαυιδ και ουκ εθαψαν αυτον εν τω ταφω των βασιλεων [lxx]
Job 23:16 For God maketh my heart soft, and the Almighty troubleth me: [kjv]
κυριος δε εμαλακυνεν την καρδιαν μου ο δε παντοκρατωρ εσπουδασεν με [lxx]
Job 24:23 Though it be given him to be in safety, whereon he resteth; yet his eyes are upon their ways. [kjv]
μαλακισθεις μη ελπιζετω υγιασθηναι αλλα πεσειται νοσω [lxx]
When he has fallen sick, let him not hope to recover: but let him perish by disease. [bs3]
Job 33:19 He is chastened also with pain upon his bed, and the multitude of his bones with strong pain: [kjv]
παλιν δε ηλεγξεν αυτον εν μαλακια επι κοιτης και πληθος οστων αυτου εναρκησεν [lxx]
Proverbs 25:15 By long forbearing is a prince persuaded, and a soft tongue breaketh the bone. [kjv]
εν μακροθυμια ευοδια βασιλευσιν γλωσσα δε μαλακη συντριβει οστα [lxx]
Proverbs 26:22 The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly. [kjv]
λογοι κερκωπων μαλακοι ουτοι δε τυπτουσιν εις ταμιεια σπλαγχνων [lxx]
The words of cunning knaves are soft; but they strike even to the inmost parts of the bowels. [bs3]
Isaiah 38:1 In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz came unto him, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Set thine house in order: for thou shalt die, and not live. [kjv]
εγενετο δε εν τω καιρω εκεινω εμαλακισθη εζεκιας εως θανατου και ηλθεν προς αυτον ησαιας υιος αμως ο προφητης και ειπεν προς αυτον ταδε λεγει κυριος ταξαι περι του οικου σου αποθνησκεις γαρ συ και ου ζηση [lxx]
38:9 The writing of Hezekiah king of Judah, when he had been sick, and was recovered of his sickness: [kjv]
προσευχη εζεκιου βασιλεως της ιουδαιας ηνικα εμαλακισθη και ανεστη εκ της μαλακιας αυτου [lxx]
Isaiah 39:1 At that time Merodach–baladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present to Hezekiah: for he had heard that he had been sick, and was recovered. [kjv]
εν τω καιρω εκεινω απεστειλεν μαρωδαχ υιος του λααδαν ο βασιλευς της βαβυλωνιας επιστολας και πρεσβεις και δωρα εζεκια ηκουσεν γαρ οτι εμαλακισθη εως θανατου και ανεστη [lxx]
Isaiah 53:3 He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not. [kjv]
αλλα το ειδος αυτου ατιμον εκλειπον παρα παντας ανθρωπους ανθρωπος εν πληγη ων και ειδως φερειν μαλακιαν οτι απεστραπται το προσωπον αυτου ητιμασθη και ουκ ελογισθη [lxx]
But his form was ignoble, and inferior to that of the children of men; he was a man in suffering, and acquainted with the bearing of sickness, for his face is turned from us: he was dishonoured, and not esteemed. [bs3]
Isaiah 53:5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. [kjv]
αυτος δε ετραυματισθη δια τας ανομιας ημων και μεμαλακισται δια τας αμαρτιας ημων παιδεια ειρηνης ημων επ αυτον τω μωλωπι αυτου ημεις ιαθημεν [lxx]
Daniel 8:27 And I Daniel fainted, and was sick certain days; afterward I rose up, and did the king's business; and I was astonished at the vision, but none understood it. [kjv]
και εγω δανιηλ εκοιμηθην και εμαλακισθην ημερας και ανεστην και εποιουν τα εργα του βασιλεως και εθαυμαζον την ορασιν και ουκ ην ο συνιων [lxx]
