A hard look at soft ideas

Bricks are hard.

Feathers are soft.
In English:

The word hard can mean "difficult", "rigid", etc.
The word soft can mean "easy", "not rigid", etc.

A device is a piece of hardware. Originally, hardware was hard to change. Today, hardware is easy to change (the price of hardware keep decreasing).
Software in the form of programs are the instructions that allow a computer to push it's own buttons. Originally, software was easy to change (i.e., as in molded). Today, software is hard to change (once millions of people start using that software).

Hardware is "hard" because it is difficult to change. Software was originally called "soft" because it was easy to change. ... this notion that software is easy to change has become one of the most pernicious ideas in software development. ... requirements changes - attempts to take advantage of software's supposed softness ... can destabilize a product to such a degree that it can't be finished at all.

After the gold rush: creating a true profession of software engineering

Phrases and saying:

soft/hard on crime
soft/hard touch, sounds, job, etc.
hard on the outside but soft on the inside
soft/hard ball (baseball, etc.)
software/hardware
go soft

Genesis 35:17 And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; thou shalt have this son also. [kjv]

εγενετο δε εν τω σκληρως αυτην τικτειν ειπεν αυτη η μαια θαρσει και γαρ ουτος σοι εστιν υιος [lxx]

… difficultatem … [v]

… hart … [lu]

The English word "hard" is related to the German word "hart" ≈ "hard, severe, unyielding" and is related to the ancient Greek word "κρατύς" ≈ "strong" and is the source of the end of English word "democracy".

The ancient Greek word "σκληρός" ≈ "hard, harsh" as in a "hard" heart and is the source of the English word "arteriosclerosis" as a "hardening of the arteries".

*G4642 *5 σκληρός (sklay-ros') : from the base of G4628; dry, i.e. hard or tough (figuratively, harsh, severe):--fierce, hard.

Usage

All

σκληρος *2

Matthew 25:24 ... that thou art an hard man, reaping where ...
John 6:60 ... This is an hard saying; who can ...

σκληρων *2

James 3:4 ... and are driven of fierce winds, yet are they turned about with ...
Jude 1:15 ... and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners ...

σκληρον

Acts 26:14 ... why persecutest thou me? it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.

*G4642 *5 σκληρός (sklay-ros') : from the base of G4628; dry, i.e. hard or tough (figuratively, harsh, severe):--fierce, hard.

Words: σκληρον σκληρος=2 σκληρων=2

The ancient Greek word "σκληρός" ≈ "hard, harsh" as in a "hard" heart and is the source of the English word "arteriosclerosis" as a "hardening of the arteries".

Genesis 35:17

All

KJV: And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; thou shalt have this son also.

Hebrew: ויהי בהקשתה בלדתה ותאמר לה המילדת אל תיראי כי גם זה לך בן׃

Greek: εγενετο δε εν τω σκληρως αυτην τικτειν ειπεν αυτη η μαια θαρσει και γαρ ουτος σοι εστιν υιος

Latin: ob difficultatem partus periclitari coepit dixitque ei obsetrix noli timere quia et hunc habebis filium

Luther: Und es kam sie hart an über der Geburt. Da es ihr aber so sauer ward in der Geburt, sprach die Wehmutter zu ihr: Fürchte dich nicht, denn diesen Sohn wirst du auch haben.

Matthew 11:30 For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light. [kjv]

ο γαρ ζυγος μου χρηστος και το φορτιον μου ελαφρον εστιν [gnt]

… suave … [v]

… winsum … [wes]

… softe… [wy]

… easy … [ty]

… sanft… [lu]

The English word "soft" is related to the German word "sanft" ≈ "soft, yielding". The Old English word "winsum" ≈ "beautiful, pleasing".

The ancient Greek word "χρηστός" ≈ "useful, good" and is sometimes used in the GNT (Greek New Testament) as a play on words with"χριστός" ≈ "anointed one, Christ" as in the English word "christen".

The Latin word "suavis" ≈ "sweet, pleasant, delicious" and is the source of the English word "suave" and related "sweet".

More: Romans 16 A belly-ache pun on useful Christ-like words

More: Punishment by punny puns

More: Matthew 11:28-30 Restful and useful yoke that is not easy

The temptations of Jesus by Satan form most of chapter 4 of Matthew. Jesus acquires some disciples, starts to preach the gospel of the kingdom, heal the sick and diseased, etc.

Matthew 4:23 And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people. [kjv]

και περιηγεν εν ολη τη γαλιλαια διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν εν τω λαω [gnt]

… sanans … languorem … infirmitatem … [v]

The ancient Greek word "μαλακός" ≈ "soft, tender, gentle, mild". Of persons, in a bad sense, it means "faint-hearted", "effeminate", "cowardly", "incapable of bearing pain". It can mean "effeminate" and, for sexual partners, the "passive" or "receptive" side of such a relationship.

This word is used in the GNT and LXX (Septuagint) is translated in various and interesting ways. What is the range of meanings for this Greek word? Aristotle to the rescue!

Aristotle use the example of "indivisibles", not using the "atomic" word of Democritus, to refer to "indivisibles" (implied) in terms of "hard" and "soft".

English: Again, if an indivisible can be hard it can also be soft; and the soft is always so-called because it can be acted upon; for that which yields to pressure is soft. (Loeb#400, p. 245)

Greek: Ἀλλὰ μὴν εἰ σκληρόν, καὶ μαλακόν.Τὸ δὲ μαλακὸν ἤδη τῷ πάσχειν τι λέγεται· τὸ γὰρ ὑπεικτικὸν μαλακόν. [Aristotle: On coming to be and passing away [326a]

Applying this to people, people who are "soft" would "yield to pressure" and not be "firm" or "hard" in certain ways.

More: Aristotle

English: For the soft is that which can be pressed in upon itself, and the hard is that which cannot; and anything which can be pressed in is divisible. (Loeb#338, p. 265)

Greek: ... Μαλακὸν μὲν γὰρ τὸ εἰς ἑαυτὸ ὑπεῖκον, σκληρὸν δὲ τὸ μὴ ὑπεῖκον· τὸ δὲ ὑπεῖκον διαιρετόν. Aristotle: On the heavens [299b]

English: for the dense and the rare under that aspect are the causes of movement, whereas under their aspect of hard and soft they are the cause of readiness or unreadiness to yield, an so of qualitative modification rather than of local movement. (Loeb#228, p. 371)

Greek: τὸ γὰρ πυκνὸν καὶ τὸ μανὸν κατὰ ταύτην τὴν ἐναντίωσιν φορᾶς ποιητικά, κατὰ δὲ τὸ σκληρὸν καὶ μαλακὸν πάθους καὶ ἀπαθείας, καὶ οὐ φορᾶς ἀλλ' ἑτεροιώσεως μᾶλλον. Aristotle: Physics [217b]

More: Aristotle

Aristotle goes though a long discussion to conclude that "hard" and "soft" can be absolute or relative to some standard and that relative standard is based on the sensation of "touch".

English: Things which posses these characteristics without qualification are hard and soft absolutely; things which possess them in relation to something else are hard and soft relatively . ... (Loeb#397, p. 315)

Greek: ἁπλῶς μὲν οὖν σκληρὸν ἢ μαλακὸν τὸ ἁπλῶς τοιοῦτον, πρὸς ἕτερον δὲ τὸ πρὸς ἐκεῖνο τοιοῦτον. ... Aristotle: Meteorologica [382a]

English: … it is clear that both hard and soft are defined absolutely with reference to touch, which we use as a mean saying that what exceeds it is hard and what falls short of it is soft. (Loeb#397, p. 315)

Greek: … δῆλον ὅτι καὶ τὸ σκληρὸν καὶ τὸ μαλακὸν ἁπλῶς πρὸς τὴν ἁφὴν ὡρίκαμεν, ὡς μεσότητι χρώμενοι τῇ ἁφῇ· διὸ τὸ μὲν ὑπερβάλλον αὐτὴν σκληρόν, τὸ δ' ἐλλεῖπον μαλακὸν εἶναί φαμεν. Aristotle: Meteorologica [382a.13]

More: Aristotle

English: We call men good boxers or runners not in virtue of some disposition but owing to a natural capacity to do this or that thing with ease. When we speak of the healthy, we mean that such people have powers of resistance, ready, innate, constitutional, against all the commoner ills; when we speak of sickness, we mean those who seem to posses no such powers. [Loeb#325, p. 67]

Greek: [9a.10] οἷον πυκτικοὶ ἢ δρομικοὶ λέγονται οὐ τῷ διακεῖσθαί πως ἀλλὰ τῷ δύναμιν ἔχειν φυσικὴν τοῦ ποιῆσαί τι ῥᾳδίως, ὑγιεινοὶ δὲ λέγονται τῷ δύναμιν ἔχειν φυσικὴν τοῦ μηδὲν πάσχειν ὑπὸ τῶν τυχόντων ῥᾳδίως, νοσώδεις δὲ τῷ ἀδυναμίαν ἔχειν τοῦ μηδὲν πάσχειν. Aristotle: Categories, [9a]

In his opening work called Categories, Aristotle uses "health" and "disease" or "sickness" as a setup for defining "hardness" and "softness".

More: Aristotle

English: It is thus, too, with hardness and softness. We predicate hardness of that which resists disintegration and softness of that which does not. [Loeb#325, p. 67]

Greek: ὁμοίως δὲ τούτοις καὶ τὸ σκληρὸν καὶ τὸ μαλακὸν ἔχει· τὸ μὲν γὰρ σκληρὸν λέγεται τῷ δύναμιν ἔχειν τοῦ μὴ ῥᾳδίως διαιρεῖσθαι, τὸ δὲ μαλακὸν τῷ ἀδυναμίαν ἔχειν τοῦ αὐτοῦ τούτου. Aristotle: Categories, [9a]

Relative opposites
hardness	softness
whiteness	blackness
coldness	warmth
sweetness	bitterness/sourness
moistness	dryness

Thus, "hardness" and "softness" are, in a sense, relative opposites where there is not a clear dividing line between the two extremes. Aristotle goes on to list other such relative opposites which are sometimes translated as "alterations".

More: Aristotle

Given the background on "hard" and "soft" from Aristotle, let us look at some verses in the GNT, some early church fathers, and the LXX. In many cases, the translation is "disease" but that appears to be a specific instance of the general idea of "soft"

Matthew 4:23 And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people. [kjv]

και περιηγεν εν ολη τη γαλιλαια διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν εν τω λαω [gnt]

… sanans … languorem … infirmitatem … [v]

9:35 And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every disease among the people. [kjv]

και περιηγεν ο ιησους τας πολεις πασας και τας κωμας διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν [gnt]

… curans … languorem … infirmitatem [v]

10:1 And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease. [kjv]

και προσκαλεσαμενος τους δωδεκα μαθητας αυτου εδωκεν αυτοις εξουσιαν πνευματων ακαθαρτων ωστε εκβαλλειν αυτα και θεραπευειν πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν [gnt]

… curarent … languorem … infirmitatem [v]

Matthew 4:23

All

KJV: And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people.

Greek: και περιηγεν ολην την γαλιλαιαν ο ιησους εν ολη τη γαλιλαια διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν εν τω λαω

Latin: et circumibat Iesus totam Galilaeam docens in synagogis eorum et praedicans evangelium regni et sanans omnem languorem et omnem infirmitatem in populo

Matthew 9:35

All

KJV: And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every disease among the people.

Greek: και περιηγεν ο ιησους τας πολεις πασας και τας κωμας διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν εν τω λαω

Latin: et circumibat Iesus civitates omnes et castella docens in synagogis eorum et praedicans evangelium regni et curans omnem languorem et omnem infirmitatem

Matthew 10:1

All

KJV: And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease.

Greek: και προσκαλεσαμενος τους δωδεκα μαθητας αυτου εδωκεν αυτοις εξουσιαν πνευματων ακαθαρτων ωστε εκβαλλειν αυτα και θεραπευειν πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν

Latin: et convocatis duodecim discipulis suis dedit illis potestatem spirituum inmundorum ut eicerent eos et curarent omnem languorem et omnem infirmitatem

Matthew 10:1 And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease. [kjv]

και προσκαλεσαμενος τους δωδεκα μαθητας αυτου εδωκεν αυτοις εξουσιαν πνευματων ακαθαρτων ωστε εκβαλλειν αυτα και θεραπευειν πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν [gnt]

… curarent … languorem … infirmitatem [v]

Luke 9:1 Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power and authority over all devils, and to cure diseases. [kjv]

συγκαλεσαμενος δε τους δωδεκα εδωκεν αυτοις δυναμιν και εξουσιαν επι παντα τα δαιμονια και νοσους θεραπευειν [gnt]

For some reason, Luke leaves out the ancient Greek word "μαλακία" ≈ "softness, effeminacy, unmanliness, feebleness, faint-hardheartedness". Why might this word have been omitted?

Luke does use the word in connection with those in palaces so the word was in the vocabulary used by Luke.

Luke 9:1

All

KJV: Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power and authority over all devils, and to cure diseases.

Greek: συγκαλεσαμενος δε τους δωδεκα μαθητας αυτου εδωκεν αυτοις δυναμιν και εξουσιαν επι παντα τα δαιμονια και νοσους θεραπευειν

Luke 4:40 Now when the sun was setting, all they that had any sick with divers diseases brought them unto him; and he laid his hands on every one of them, and healed them. [kjv]

δυνοντος δε του ηλιου απαντες οσοι ειχον ασθενουντας νοσοις ποικιλαις ηγαγον αυτους προς αυτον ο δε ενι εκαστω αυτων τας χειρας επιτιθεις εθεραπευεν αυτους [gnt]

5:15 But so much the more went there a fame abroad of him: and great multitudes came together to hear, and to be healed by him of their infirmities. [kjv]

διηρχετο δε μαλλον ο λογος περι αυτου και συνηρχοντο οχλοι πολλοι ακουειν και θεραπευεσθαι απο των ασθενειων αυτων [gnt]

For some reason, Luke leaves out the ancient Greek word "μαλακία" ≈ "softness, effeminacy, unmanliness, feebleness, faint-hardheartedness". Why might this word have been omitted?

In Luke 5:15, the word translated by the KJV (King James Version) as "fame" is the ancient Greek word "λόγος" ≈ "rational explanation, word" is in "In the beginning was the word" (John 1:1)

Luke 4:40

All

KJV: Now when the sun was setting, all they that had any sick with divers diseases brought them unto him; and he laid his hands on every one of them, and healed them.

Greek: δυνοντος δε του ηλιου παντες απαντες οσοι ειχον ασθενουντας νοσοις ποικιλαις ηγαγον αυτους προς αυτον ο δε ενι εκαστω αυτων τας χειρας επιθεις εθεραπευσεν επιτιθεις εθεραπευεν αυτους

Luke 5:15

All

KJV: But so much the more went there a fame abroad of him: and great multitudes came together to hear, and to be healed by him of their infirmities.

Greek: διηρχετο δε μαλλον ο λογος περι αυτου και συνηρχοντο οχλοι πολλοι ακουειν και θεραπευεσθαι υπ αυτου απο των ασθενειων αυτων

Matthew 9:35 And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every disease among the people. [kjv]

και περιηγεν ο ιησους τας πολεις πασας και τας κωμας διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν [gnt]

… curans … languorem … infirmitatem [v]

Matthew uses similar phrases and words three times. Twice Jesus does the actions. Then Jesus gives the disciples power to do this as he sends them out. Let us look at three words, one at a time, in the one phrase near the end.

Some of the words do not use the primary meaning and some of the words have been translated over time using a meaning found nowhere else than in the GNT.

In many cases, the Latin translation four centuries later established the Bible meaning going forward of these words.

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1

2

3

The Bible dictionary used by pastors, etc. is often explained away as being a different Greek, the Koine Greek, that the people spoke, with special idioms of Greek. Changes are often attributed to:

A problem arises when ancient, medieval and modern Greek, as one continuous language, have the same meaning for the same word but the Koine Greek definition is different and matches the Latin word used to translate that Greek word in the 4th century. This happens with many important words but not so much with less important words. Suspicion arises when the common Greek meaning makes more sense in the Bible text than the English word based on the Latin word.

[Amplified Bible, Berean Bible, Bible Hub]
[language ambiguity, preciseness of Greek language fallacy]

More: An introduction to Bible truth

*G2323 *43 θεραπεύω (ther-ap-yoo'-o) : from the same as G2324; to wait upon menially, i.e. (figuratively) to adore (God), or (specially) to relieve (of disease):--cure, heal, worship.

Usage

All

εθεραπευσεν *13

Matthew 4:24 ... and those that had the palsy; and he healed them.
Matthew 8:16 ... with his word, and healed all that were sick:
Matthew 12:15 ... followed him, and he healed them all;
Matthew 12:22 ... and dumb: and he healed him, insomuch that the blind ...
Matthew 14:14 ... toward them, and he healed their sick.
Matthew 15:30 ... Jesus' feet; and he healed them:
Matthew 19:2 ... followed him; and he healed them there.
Matthew 21:14 ... in the temple; and he healed them.
Mark 1:34 And he healed many that were sick of divers ...
Mark 3:10 For he had healed many; insomuch that they pressed upon him ...
Mark 6:5 ... his hands upon a few sick folk, and healed them.
Luke 7:21 ... that same hour he cured many of their infirmities ...
Luke 13:14 ... because that Jesus had healed on the sabbath day, and said unto the people, There are six days in which men ought to work: in them therefore come and be healed, and not ...

θεραπευσαι *3

Matthew 12:10 ... him, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath days? that they might accuse him.
Matthew 17:16 ... and they could not cure him.
Luke 14:3 ... Pharisees, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath day?

εθεραπευθη *3

Matthew 17:18 ... of him: and the child was cured from that very hour.
Revelation 13:3 ... his deadly wound was healed: and all the world ...
Revelation 13:12 ... whose deadly wound was healed.

εθεραπευοντο *3

Luke 6:18 ... unclean spirits: and they were healed.
Acts 5:16 ... with unclean spirits: and they were healed every one.
Acts 28:9 ... the island, came, and were healed:

θεραπευων *2

Matthew 4:23 ... the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and ...
Matthew 9:35 ... the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and ...

θεραπευειν *2

Matthew 10:1 ... them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and ...
Luke 9:1 ... all devils, and to cure diseases.

θεραπευετε *2

Matthew 10:8 Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, ...
Luke 10:9 And heal the sick that are therein, and say ...

θεραπευει *2

Mark 3:2 And they watched him, whether he would heal him on the sabbath day; that ...
Luke 6:7 ... watched him, whether he would heal on the sabbath day; that ...

θεραπευσω

Matthew 8:7 ... unto him, I will come and heal him.

εθεραπευον

Mark 6:13 ... many that were sick, and healed them.

θεραπευσον

Luke 4:23 ... this proverb, Physician, heal thyself: whatsoever we have heard ...

εθεραπευεν

Luke 4:40 ... on every one of them, and healed them.

θεραπευεσθαι

Luke 5:15 ... came together to hear, and to be healed by him of ...

τεθεραπευμεναι

Luke 8:2 ... women, which had been healed of evil spirits ...

θεραπευθηναι

Luke 8:43 ... physicians, neither could be healed of any,

θεραπευοντες

Luke 9:6 ... the towns, preaching the gospel, and healing every where.

θεραπευεσθε

Luke 13:14 ... because that Jesus had healed on the sabbath day, and said unto the people, There are six days in which men ought to work: in them therefore come and be healed, and not ...

τεθεραπευμενω

John 5:10 The Jews therefore said unto him that was cured, It is the sabbath day: it is ...

τεθεραπευμενον

Acts 4:14 And beholding the man which was healed standing with them, ...

εθεραπευθησαν

Acts 8:7 ... taken with palsies, and that were lame, were healed.

θεραπευεται

Acts 17:25 Neither is worshipped with men's hands, as though he needed ...

Words: εθεραπευεν εθεραπευθη=3 εθεραπευθησαν εθεραπευον εθεραπευοντο=3 εθεραπευσεν=13 θεραπευει=2 θεραπευειν=2 θεραπευεσθαι θεραπευεσθε θεραπευεται θεραπευετε=2 θεραπευθηναι θεραπευοντες θεραπευσαι=3 θεραπευσον θεραπευσω θεραπευων=2 τεθεραπευμεναι τεθεραπευμενον τεθεραπευμενω

*G2323 *43 θεραπεύω (ther-ap-yoo'-o) : from the same as G2324; to wait upon menially, i.e. (figuratively) to adore (God), or (specially) to relieve (of disease):--cure, heal, worship.

The ancient Greek word "θεραπεύω" ≈ "wait on, obey, flatter consult, cure, heal" and is the source of the English word "therapy". The primary meaning is that of attending to or waiting on and not of curing or healing.

Matthew 4:23 And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people. [kjv]

… sanans … languorem … infirmitatem … [v]

9:35 And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every disease among the people. [kjv]

… curans … languorem … infirmitatem [v]

The Latin word "sano" ≈ "heal, cure, restore" and is the source of the English word "sanatorium" as an institution to treat chronic diseases. The Latin word "curans" ≈ "arrange, attend, heal, cure" and is the source of the English word "cure".

Interestingly, both the Greek and the Latin word (used most often in these verses) have the primary idea of attending to and not of healing.

It is not clear why verses that are almost the same have two different Latin words for the Greek word translated as "healing" but which has the primary meaning of "attending to"

*G3554 *11 νόσος (nos'-os) : of uncertain affinity; a malady (rarely figuratively, of moral disability):--disease, infirmity, sickness.

Usage

All

νοσον *3

Matthew 4:23 ... and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease ...
Matthew 9:35 ... and healing every sickness and every disease ...
Matthew 10:1 ... and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease.

νοσοις *3

Matthew 4:24 ... sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments, and ...
Mark 1:34 ... that were sick of divers diseases, and cast out many ...
Luke 4:40 ... had any sick with divers diseases brought them unto ...

νοσους *3

Matthew 8:17 ... infirmities, and bare our sicknesses.
Luke 9:1 ... devils, and to cure diseases.
Acts 19:12 ... or aprons, and the diseases departed from them, ...

νοσων *2

Luke 6:17 ... to be healed of their diseases;
Luke 7:21 ... he cured many of their infirmities and plagues, and ...

Words: νοσοις=3 νοσον=3 νοσους=3 νοσων=2

*G3554 *11 νόσος (nos'-os) : of uncertain affinity; a malady (rarely figuratively, of moral disability):--disease, infirmity, sickness.

The ancient Greek word "νόσος" ≈ "sickness, disease, distress".

Matthew 4:23 And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people. [kjv]

και περιηγεν εν ολη τη γαλιλαια διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν εν τω λαω [gnt]

… sanans … languorem … infirmitatem … [v]

The Latin word "languor" ≈ "faintness, feebleness, apathy" and is the source of the English word "languor". The English word "languish" is, through French, from the Latin word "languere" ≈ "be faint, unwell".

The ancient Greek word "νόσος" ≈ "sickness, disease, distress".

*G3119 *3 μαλακία (mal-ak-ee'-ah) : from G3120; softness, i.e. enervation (debility):--disease.

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μαλακιαν *3

Matthew 4:23 ... sickness and all manner of disease among the people.
Matthew 9:35 ... sickness and every disease among the people.
Matthew 10:1 ... sickness and all manner of disease.

Matthew 9:35 And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every disease among the people. [kjv]

… curans … languorem … infirmitatem [v]

Here the meaning does not match well with the ancient Greek definitions.

The English, from the Latin, appears to repeat the similar meaning of "sickness" as "disease". The Latin word "infirmus" ≈ "week, feeble, unhealthy" and is the source of the English word "infirm" and "infirmity".

Words: μαλακιαν=3

*G3119 *3 μαλακία (mal-ak-ee'-ah) : from G3120; softness, i.e. enervation (debility):--disease.

*G3120 *4 μαλακός (mal-ak-os') : of uncertain affinity; soft, i.e. fine (clothing); figuratively, a catamite:--effeminate, soft.

From the Cambridge Greek Lexicon (volume 2), the ancient Greek word "μαλακία" ≈ "softness, effeminacy, unmanliness, feebleness, faint-hardheartedness". Only in the GNT is the meaning "infirmity" or "sickness".
What type of "softness" or "effeminacy" or "unmanliness" might Jesus, and here the disciples, have been healing?

Although the words appear to sound similar, the Greek word for "softness" does not appear to be related to the Hebrew word for "angel".

Zechariah 3:6 And the angel of the LORD protested unto Joshua, saying, [kjv]

… מלאך … [he]

και διεμαρτυρατο ο αγγελος κυριου προς ιησουν λεγων [lxx]

… angelus … [v]

The Hebrew word "מלאך" (mal-ak) ≈ "angel".
	This word is the root word for the prophet name "Malachi".

The English word "angel" comes from the Latin word "angelus" ≈ "angel" which comes from the ancient Greek word "ἄγγελος" ≈ "messenger, one that announces" and which appears to go even further back.

More: Touched by an angelic messenger

Zechariah 3:6

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KJV: And the angel of the LORD protested unto Joshua, saying,

Hebrew: ויעד מלאך יהוה ביהושע לאמר׃

Greek: και διεμαρτυρατο ο αγγελος κυριου προς ιησουν λεγων

Latin: et contestabatur angelus Domini Iesum dicens

Matthew 11:8 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses. [kjv]

αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι τα μαλακα φορουντες εν τοις οικοις των βασιλεων [gnt]

From the Cambridge Greek Lexicon (volume 2), the ancient Greek word "μαλακία" ≈ "softness, effeminacy, unmanliness, feebleness, faint-hardheartedness". Only in the GNT is the meaning "infirmity" or "sickness".

The ancient Greek word "μαλακός" ≈ "soft, tender, gentle, mild". Of persons, in a bad sense, it means "faint-hearted", "effeminate", "cowardly", "incapable of bearing pain". It can mean "effeminate" and, for sexual partners, the "passive" or "receptive" side of such a relationship.

More: Matthew 17:24-27 Tacky attacks on a senseless tax

Matthew 11:8 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses. [kjv]

αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι τα μαλακα φορουντες εν τοις οικοις των βασιλεων [gnt]

Luke 6:26 Woe unto you, when all men shall speak well of you! for so did their fathers to the false prophets. [kjv]

ουαι οταν καλως υμας ειπωσιν παντες οι ανθρωποι κατα τα αυτα γαρ εποιουν τοις ψευδοπροφηταις οι πατερες αυτων [gnt]

What type of people are in king's houses? Many kings (and people) prefer those who tell them what they want to hear. Jesus and others refer to these speakers as false prophets.

Matthew 11:8 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses. [kjv]

αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι τα μαλακα φορουντες εν τοις οικοις των βασιλεων [gnt]

Luke 7:25 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they which are gorgeously apparelled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts. [kjv]

αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ιματιοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι εν ιματισμω ενδοξω και τρυφη υπαρχοντες εν τοις βασιλειοις εισιν [gnt]

As usual, Luke changes some of the words to express the literal meaning that was remembered but not any secondary meanings from carefully chosen words that Matthew records.

Some of the words used in Matthew appear to have been back-translated from Luke which obscures the double meanings of some words in the corresponding Matthew verse.

Matthew 11:8 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses. [kjv]

αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι τα μαλακα φορουντες εν τοις οικοις των βασιλεων [gnt]

Luke 20:22 Is it lawful for us to give tribute unto Caesar, or no? [kjv]

εξεστιν ημας καισαρι φορον δουναι η ου [gnt]

The "soft" has meanings that transcend clothing - a word added in some Greek manuscripts. The ancient Greek word "ἀμφινέμομαι" ≈ "dwell around" and starts with "ambi" meaning "both". The word for "clothing" is inferred from the word "carry" which is almost the same word used for a "tax". The tense of the word used by Jesus makes the word for "clothing" a close match with "tax" or "tribute".

"φορέω" ≈ "bear habitually" (used in Matthew 11:8)
"φόρος" ≈ "tribute, tax" (used in Luke 20:22)

Matthew 11:8 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses. [kjv]

αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι τα μαλακα φορουντες εν τοις οικοις των βασιλεων [gnt]

Luke 7:25 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they which are gorgeously apparelled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts. [kjv]

αλλα τι εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ιματιοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι εν ιματισμω ενδοξω και τρυφη υπαρχοντες εν τοις βασιλειοις εισιν [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "τρυφαώ" ≈ "coddled, pampered, indulged". Luke records the "delicately" or "pampered". This detail is not in Matthew.

More: Matthew 11:12-14 Exploring the Kingdom of Heaven

More: 2 Peter 2:1-22 Déjà vu all over again

Matthew 11:8

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KJV: But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses.

Greek: αλλα τι εξηλθετε εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ιματιοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι τα μαλακα φορουντες εν τοις οικοις των βασιλεων εισιν

Matthew 11:9

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KJV: But what went ye out for to see? A prophet? yea, I say unto you, and more than a prophet.

Greek: αλλα τι εξηλθετε ιδειν εξηλθατε προφητην ιδειν ναι λεγω υμιν και περισσοτερον προφητου

Luke 7:25

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KJV: But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they which are gorgeously apparelled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts.

Greek: αλλα τι εξεληλυθατε εξηλθατε ιδειν ανθρωπον εν μαλακοις ιματιοις ημφιεσμενον ιδου οι εν ιματισμω ενδοξω και τρυφη υπαρχοντες εν τοις βασιλειοις εισιν

Luke 20:22

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KJV: Is it lawful for us to give tribute unto Caesar, or no?

Greek: εξεστιν ημιν ημας καισαρι φορον δουναι η ου

Luke 6:26

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KJV: Woe unto you, when all men shall speak well of you! for so did their fathers to the false prophets.

Greek: ουαι υμιν οταν καλως υμας ειπωσιν παντες οι ανθρωποι κατα ταυτα τα αυτα γαρ εποιουν τοις ψευδοπροφηταις οι πατερες αυτων

*G294 *4 ἀμφιέννυμι (am-fee-en'-noo-mee) : from the base of G297 ἀμφότερος and hennumi (to invest); to enrobe:--clothe.

Usage

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ημφιεσμενον *2

Matthew 11:8 ... went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? ...
Luke 7:25 ... went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? ...

αμφιεννυσιν

Matthew 6:30 Wherefore, if God so clothe the grass of the field, which ...

αμφιεζει

Luke 12:28 If then God so clothe the grass, which is to day ...

*G297 *14 ἀμφότερος (am-fot'-er-os) : comparative of amphi (around); (in plural) both:--both.

Usage

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αμφοτεροι *7

Matthew 9:17 ... new bottles, and both are preserved.
Matthew 15:14 ... the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.
Luke 1:6 And they were both righteous before God, ...
Luke 1:7 ... barren, and they both were now well stricken in years.
Luke 6:39 ... the blind? shall they not both fall into the ditch?
Acts 8:38 ... to stand still: and they went down both into the water, both ...
Ephesians 2:18 For through him we both have access by ...

αμφοτερα *4

Matthew 13:30 Let both grow together until the harvest: and ...
Luke 5:7 ... they came, and filled both the ships, so that they began to sink.
Acts 23:8 ... but the Pharisees confess both.
Ephesians 2:14 ... peace, who hath made both one, and hath broken down ...

αμφοτεροις

Luke 7:42 ... nothing to pay, he frankly forgave them both. Tell me therefore, which ...

αμφοτερων

Acts 19:16 And the man in whom the evil spirit ...

αμφοτερους

Ephesians 2:16 And that he might reconcile both unto God in one ...

*G294 *4 ἀμφιέννυμι (am-fee-en'-noo-mee) : from the base of G297 ἀμφότερος and hennumi (to invest); to enrobe:--clothe.

*G297 *14 ἀμφότερος (am-fot'-er-os) : comparative of amphi (around); (in plural) both:--both.

Words: αμφιεζει αμφιεννυσιν αμφοτερα=4 αμφοτεροι=7 αμφοτεροις αμφοτερους αμφοτερων ημφιεσμενον=2

*G5409 *6 φορέω (for-eh'-o) : from G5411; to have a burden, i.e. (by analogy) to wear as clothing or a constant accompaniment:--bear, wear.

Usage

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φορουντες

Matthew 11:8 ... raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in ...

φορων

John 19:5 Then came Jesus forth, wearing the crown of thorns, and ...

φορει

Romans 13:4 ... that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth not the sword in vain: ...

εφορεσαμεν

1 Corinthians 15:49 And as we have borne the image of the earthy, we shall also bear ...

φορεσωμεν

1 Corinthians 15:49 And as we have borne the image of the earthy, we shall also bear ...

φορουντα

James 2:3 And ye have respect to him that weareth the gay clothing, and ...

*G5409 *6 φορέω (for-eh'-o) : from G5411; to have a burden, i.e. (by analogy) to wear as clothing or a constant accompaniment:--bear, wear.

Words: εφορεσαμεν φορει φορεσωμεν φορουντα φορουντες φορων

*G5411 *5 φόρος (for'-os) : from G5342; a load (as borne), i.e. (figuratively) a tax (properly, an individual assessment on persons or property; whereas G5056 is usually a general toll on goods or travel):--tribute.

Usage

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φορον *3

Luke 20:22 Is it lawful for us to give tribute unto Cæsar, or no?
Romans 13:7 ... to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom ...

φορους *2

Luke 23:2 ... and forbidding to give tribute to Cæsar, saying that he himself ...
Romans 13:6 For for this cause pay ye tribute also: for they are ...

*G5411 *5 φόρος (for'-os) : from G5342; a load (as borne), i.e. (figuratively) a tax (properly, an individual assessment on persons or property; whereas G5056 is usually a general toll on goods or travel):--tribute.

Words: φορον=3 φορους=2

1 Corinthians 6:9 Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? Be not deceived: neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind, [kjv]

η ουκ οιδατε οτι αδικοι θεου βασιλειαν ου κληρονομησουσιν μη πλανασθε ουτε πορνοι ουτε ειδωλολατραι ουτε μοιχοι ουτε μαλακοι ουτε αρσενοκοιται [gnt]

As stated by Paul, "effeminate" is the passive partner and "abusers of themselves with mankind" is the active partner.

The ancient Greek word "μαλακία" ≈ "softness, effeminacy, unmanliness, feebleness, faint-hardheartedness".

1 Corinthians 6:9

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KJV: Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? Be not deceived: neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind,

Greek: η ουκ οιδατε οτι αδικοι βασιλειαν θεου βασιλειαν ου κληρονομησουσιν μη πλανασθε ουτε πορνοι ουτε ειδωλολατραι ουτε μοιχοι ουτε μαλακοι ουτε αρσενοκοιται

*G733 *2 ἀρσενοκοίτης (ar-sen-ok-oy'-tace) : from G730 and G2845; a sodomite:--abuser of (that defile) self with mankind.

Usage

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αρσενοκοιται

1 Corinthians 6:9 ... nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind,

αρσενοκοιταις

1 Timothy 1:10 For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and ...

*G733 *2 ἀρσενοκοίτης (ar-sen-ok-oy'-tace) : from G730 and G2845; a sodomite:--abuser of (that defile) self with mankind.

Words: αρσενοκοιται αρσενοκοιταις

*G730 *9 ἄρῥην (ar'-hrane) : or arsen ar'-sane probably from G142; male (as stronger for lifting):--male, man.

Usage

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αρσεν *5

Matthew 19:4 ... the beginning made them male and female,
Mark 10:6 ... God made them male and female.
Luke 2:23 ... the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called ...
Galatians 3:28 ... free, there is neither male nor female: for ...
Revelation 12:5 And she brought forth a man child, who was to ...

αρρενες *2

Romans 1:27 And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; ...

αρρεσιν

Romans 1:27 And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; ...

αρσενα

Revelation 12:13 ... the woman which brought forth the man child.

*G730 *9 ἄρῥην (ar'-hrane) : or arsen ar'-sane probably from G142; male (as stronger for lifting):--male, man.

Words: αρρενες=2 αρρεσιν αρσεν=5 αρσενα

*G2845 *4 κοίτη (koy'-tay) : from G2749; a couch; by extension, cohabitation; by implication, the male sperm:--bed, chambering, X conceive.

Usage

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κοιτην *2

Luke 11:7 ... with me in bed; I can not rise ...
Romans 9:10 ... Rebecca also had conceived by one, even by ...

κοιταις

Romans 13:13 ... and drunkenness, not in chambering and wantonness, not ...

κοιτη

Hebrews 13:4 ... in all, and the bed undefiled: but whoremongers ...

*G2845 *4 κοίτη (koy'-tay) : from G2749; a couch; by extension, cohabitation; by implication, the male sperm:--bed, chambering, X conceive.

Words: κοιταις κοιτη κοιτην=2

1 Timothy 1:10 For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine; [kjv]

πορνοις αρσενοκοιταις ανδραποδισταις ψευσταις επιορκοις και ει τι ετερον τη υγιαινουση διδασκαλια αντικειται [gnt]

1 Timothy 1:10

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KJV: For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine;

Greek: πορνοις αρσενοκοιταις ανδραποδισταις ψευσταις επιορκοις και ει τι ετερον τη υγιαινουση διδασκαλια αντικειται

*G4205 *10 πόρνος (por'-nos) : from pernemi (to sell; akin to the base of G4097); a (male) prostitute (as venal), i.e. (by analogy) a debauchee (libertine):--fornicator, whoremonger.

Usage

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πορνοις *4

1 Corinthians 5:9 ... an epistle not to company with fornicators:
1 Corinthians 5:10 Yet not altogether with the fornicators of this world, or ...
1 Timothy 1:10 For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and ...
Revelation 21:8 ... and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and ...

πορνος *3

1 Corinthians 5:11 ... that is called a brother be a fornicator, or covetous, or ...
Ephesians 5:5 ... ye know, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person, nor ...
Hebrews 12:16 Lest there be any fornicator, or profane person, as ...

πορνοι *2

1 Corinthians 6:9 ... not deceived: neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor ...
Revelation 22:15 ... and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and ...

πορνους

Hebrews 13:4 ... the bed undefiled: but whoremongers and adulterers God will judge.

*G4205 *10 πόρνος (por'-nos) : from pernemi (to sell; akin to the base of G4097); a (male) prostitute (as venal), i.e. (by analogy) a debauchee (libertine):--fornicator, whoremonger.

Words: πορνοι=2 πορνοις=4 πορνος=3 πορνους

Polycarp uses the words of Paul from 1 Corinthians and 1 Timothy about a hundred years later. The English translation is not word for word.

English: ... neither fornicators nor men who have sex with men (whether as the passive or active partner) will inherit the kingdom of God, nor will those who do perverse things. (Holmes, 2007, p. 287)

Greek: … καὶ οὔτε πόρνοι οὔτε μαλακοὶ οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται βασιλείαν θεοῦ κληρονομήσουσιν, οὔτε οἱ ποιοῦντες τὰ ἄτοπα. [Polycarp to the Philippians, 5:3]

Clement uses the Greek word for "soft" in the sense of not being "hard" as in "weak". Note: This translation appears to change some word meanings and needs to be investigated.

English: ... He was a man of stripes and of toil, knowing how to endure weakness, ... (Holmes, 2007,, p. 66)

Greek: … ἄνθρωπος ἐν πληγῇ ὢν καὶ πόνῳ καὶ εἰδὼς φέρειν μαλακίαν, … [Clement 1, 16:5]

The ancient Greek word "μαλακία" ≈ "softness, effeminacy, unmanliness, feebleness, faint-hardheartedness" appears in the LXX.

Genesis 42:4 But Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob sent not with his brethren; for he said, Lest peradventure mischief befall him. [kjv]

… אסון [he]

τον δε βενιαμιν τον αδελφον ιωσηφ ουκ απεστειλεν μετα των αδελφων αυτου ειπεν γαρ μηποτε συμβη αυτω μαλακια [lxx]

But Jacob sent not Benjamin, the brother of Joseph, with his brethren; for he said, Lest, haply, disease befall him. [bs3]

The Hebrew word "אסון" (aws-sone) ≈ "hurt".

*H611 אָסוֹן (aws-sone') : of uncertain derivation; hurt:--mischief.

What type of "mischief" or "disease" might be of concern here for not sending the young Benjamin along?

Genesis 42:4

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KJV: But Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob sent not with his brethren; for he said, Lest peradventure mischief befall him.

Hebrew: ואת בנימין אחי יוסף לא שלח יעקב את אחיו כי אמר פן יקראנו אסון׃

Greek: τον δε βενιαμιν τον αδελφον ιωσηφ ουκ απεστειλεν μετα των αδελφων αυτου ειπεν γαρ μηποτε συμβη αυτω μαλακια

Brenton: But Jacob sent not Benjamin, the brother of Joseph, with his brethren; for he said, Lest, haply, disease befall him.

Genesis 42:38 And he said, My son shall not go down with you; for his brother is dead, and he is left alone: if mischief befall him by the way in the which ye go, then shall ye bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave. [kjv]

ο δε ειπεν ου καταβησεται ο υιος μου μεθ υμων οτι ο αδελφος αυτου απεθανεν και αυτος μονος καταλελειπται και συμβησεται αυτον μαλακισθηναι εν τη οδω η αν πορευησθε και καταξετε μου το γηρας μετα λυπης εις αδου [lxx]

44:29 And if ye take this also from me, and mischief befall him, ye shall bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave. [kjv]

εαν ουν λαβητε και τουτον εκ προσωπου μου και συμβη αυτω μαλακια εν τη οδω και καταξετε μου το γηρας μετα λυπης εις αδου [lxx]

What type of "mischief" or "disease" might be of concern here for not sending the young Benjamin along?

In Boy Scout terms, Benjamin was "soft" as a "tenderfoot", the lowest rank in Boy Scouts.

Genesis 42:38

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KJV: And he said, My son shall not go down with you; for his brother is dead, and he is left alone: if mischief befall him by the way in the which ye go, then shall ye bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave.

Hebrew: ויאמר לא ירד בני עמכם כי אחיו מת והוא לבדו נשאר וקראהו אסון בדרך אשר תלכו בה והורדתם את שיבתי ביגון שאולה׃

Greek: ο δε ειπεν ου καταβησεται ο υιος μου μεθ υμων οτι ο αδελφος αυτου απεθανεν και αυτος μονος καταλελειπται και συμβησεται αυτον μαλακισθηναι εν τη οδω η αν πορευησθε και καταξετε μου το γηρας μετα λυπης εις αδου

Genesis 44:29

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KJV: And if ye take this also from me, and mischief befall him, ye shall bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave.

Hebrew: ולקחתם גם את זה מעם פני וקרהו אסון והורדתם את שיבתי ברעה שאלה׃

Greek: εαν ουν λαβητε και τουτον εκ προσωπου μου και συμβη αυτω μαλακια εν τη οδω και καταξετε μου το γηρας μετα λυπης εις αδου

Exodus 23:25 And ye shall serve the LORD your God, and he shall bless thy bread, and thy water; and I will take sickness away from the midst of thee. [kjv]

και λατρευσεις κυριω τω θεω σου και ευλογησω τον αρτον σου και τον οινον σου και το υδωρ σου και αποστρεψω μαλακιαν αφ υμων [lxx]

Toughened up through boot camp to remove "softness".

Exodus 23:25

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KJV: And ye shall serve the LORD your God, and he shall bless thy bread, and thy water; and I will take sickness away from the midst of thee.

Hebrew: ועבדתם את יהוה אלהיכם וברך את לחמך ואת מימיך והסרתי מחלה מקרבך׃

Greek: και λατρευσεις κυριω τω θεω σου και ευλογησω τον αρτον σου και τον οινον σου και το υδωρ σου και αποστρεψω μαλακιαν αφ υμων

Deuteronomy 7:15 And the LORD will take away from thee all sickness, and will put none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which thou knowest, upon thee; but will lay them upon all them that hate thee. [kjv]

και περιελει κυριος απο σου πασαν μαλακιαν και πασας νοσους αιγυπτου τας πονηρας ας εωρακας και οσα εγνως ουκ επιθησει επι σε και επιθησει αυτα επι παντας τους μισουντας σε [lxx]

What type of "sickness" and/or evil "diseases" might be meant?

Deuteronomy 7:15

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KJV: And the LORD will take away from thee all sickness, and will put none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which thou knowest, upon thee; but will lay them upon all them that hate thee.

Hebrew: והסיר יהוה ממך כל חלי וכל מדוי מצרים הרעים אשר ידעת לא ישימם בך ונתנם בכל שנאיך׃

Greek: και περιελει κυριος απο σου πασαν μαλακιαν και πασας νοσους αιγυπτου τας πονηρας ας εωρακας και οσα εγνως ουκ επιθησει επι σε και επιθησει αυτα επι παντας τους μισουντας σε

Deuteronomy 28:61 Also every sickness, and every plague, which is not written in the book of this law, them will the LORD bring upon thee, until thou be destroyed. [kjv]

και πασαν μαλακιαν και πασαν πληγην την μη γεγραμμενην εν τω βιβλιω του νομου τουτου επαξει κυριος επι σε εως αν εξολεθρευση σε [lxx]

What type of "sickness" and/or evil "plague" might be meant?

The Greek word for "plague" is the source of the English word "plague".

Deuteronomy 28:61

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KJV: Also every sickness, and every plague, which is not written in the book of this law, them will the LORD bring upon thee, until thou be destroyed.

Hebrew: גם כל חלי וכל מכה אשר לא כתוב בספר התורה הזאת יעלם יהוה עליך עד השמדך׃

Greek: και πασαν μαλακιαν και πασαν πληγην την μη γεγραμμενην εν τω βιβλιω του νομου τουτου επαξει κυριος επι σε εως αν εξολεθρευση σε

2 Samuel 13:5 And Jonadab said unto him, Lay thee down on thy bed, and make thyself sick: and when thy father cometh to see thee, say unto him, I pray thee, let my sister Tamar come, and give me meat, and dress the meat in my sight, that I may see it, and eat it at her hand. [kjv]

και ειπεν αυτω ιωναδαβ κοιμηθητι επι της κοιτης σου και μαλακισθητι και εισελευσεται ο πατηρ σου του ιδειν σε και ερεις προς αυτον ελθετω δη θημαρ η αδελφη μου και ψωμισατω με και ποιησατω κατ οφθαλμους μου βρωμα οπως ιδω και φαγω εκ των χειρων αυτης [lxx]

2 Samuel 13:5

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KJV: And Jonadab said unto him, Lay thee down on thy bed, and make thyself sick: and when thy father cometh to see thee, say unto him, I pray thee, let my sister Tamar come, and give me meat, and dress the meat in my sight, that I may see it, and eat it at her hand.

Hebrew: ויאמר לו יהונדב שכב על משכבך והתחל ובא אביך לראותך ואמרת אליו תבא נא תמר אחותי ותברני לחם ועשתה לעיני את הבריה למען אשר אראה ואכלתי מידה׃

Greek: και ειπεν αυτω ιωναδαβ κοιμηθητι επι της κοιτης σου και μαλακισθητι και εισελευσεται ο πατηρ σου του ιδειν σε και ερεις προς αυτον ελθετω δη θημαρ η αδελφη μου και ψωμισατω με και ποιησατω κατ οφθαλμους μου βρωμα οπως ιδω και φαγω εκ των χειρων αυτης

2 Chronicles 6:29 Then what prayer or what supplication soever shall be made of any man, or of all thy people Israel, when every one shall know his own sore and his own grief, and shall spread forth his hands in this house: [kjv]

και πασα προσευχη και πασα δεησις η εαν γενηται παντι ανθρωπω και παντι λαω σου ισραηλ εαν γνω ανθρωπος την αφην αυτου και την μαλακιαν αυτου και διαπεταση τας χειρας αυτου εις τον οικον τουτον [lxx]

Then whatever prayer and whatever supplication shall be made by any man and all your people Israel, if a man should know his own plague and his own sickness, and should spread forth his hands towards this house; [bs3]

2 Chronicles 6:29

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KJV: Then what prayer or what supplication soever shall be made of any man, or of all thy people Israel, when every one shall know his own sore and his own grief, and shall spread forth his hands in this house:

Hebrew: כל תפלה כל תחנה אשר יהיה לכל האדם ולכל עמך ישראל אשר ידעו איש נגעו ומכאבו ופרש כפיו אל הבית הזה׃

Greek: και πασα προσευχη και πασα δεησις η εαν γενηται παντι ανθρωπω και παντι λαω σου ισραηλ εαν γνω ανθρωπος την αφην αυτου και την μαλακιαν αυτου και διαπεταση τας χειρας αυτου εις τον οικον τουτον

Brenton: Then whatever prayer and whatever supplication shall be made by any man and all your people Israel, if a man should know his own plague and his own sickness, and should spread forth his hands towards this house;

2 Chronicles 16:12 And Asa in the thirty and ninth year of his reign was diseased in his feet, until his disease was exceeding great: yet in his disease he sought not to the LORD, but to the physicians. [kjv]

και εμαλακισθη ασα εν τω ενατω και τριακοστω ετει της βασιλειας αυτου τους ποδας εως σφοδρα εμαλακισθη και εν τη μαλακια αυτου ουκ εζητησεν κυριον αλλα τους ιατρους [lxx]

And Asa was diseased in his feet in the thirty-ninth year of his reign, until he was very ill: but in his disease he sought not to the Lord, but to the physicians. [bs3]

2 Chronicles 16:12

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KJV: And Asa in the thirty and ninth year of his reign was diseased in his feet, until his disease was exceeding great: yet in his disease he sought not to the LORD, but to the physicians.

Hebrew: ויחלא אסא בשנת שלושים ותשע למלכותו ברגליו עד למעלה חליו וגם בחליו לא דרש את יהוה כי ברפאים׃

Greek: και εμαλακισθη ασα εν τω ενατω και τριακοστω ετει της βασιλειας αυτου τους ποδας εως σφοδρα εμαλακισθη και εν τη μαλακια αυτου ουκ εζητησεν κυριον αλλα τους ιατρους

Brenton: And Asa was diseased in his feet in the thirty-ninth year of his reign, until he was very ill: but in his disease he sought not to the Lord, but to the physicians.

2 Chronicles 21:15 And thou shalt have great sickness by disease of thy bowels, until thy bowels fall out by reason of the sickness day by day. [kjv]

και συ εν μαλακια πονηρα εν νοσω κοιλιας εως ου εξελθη η κοιλια σου μετα της μαλακιας εξ ημερων εις ημερας [lxx]

21:18 And after all this the LORD smote him in his bowels with an incurable disease. [kjv]

και μετα ταυτα παντα επαταξεν αυτον κυριος εις την κοιλιαν μαλακια εν η ουκ εστιν ιατρεια [lxx]

21:19 And it came to pass, that in process of time, after the end of two years, his bowels fell out by reason of his sickness: so he died of sore diseases. And his people made no burning for him, like the burning of his fathers. [kjv]

και εγενετο εξ ημερων εις ημερας και ως ηλθεν καιρος των ημερων ημερας δυο εξηλθεν η κοιλια αυτου μετα της νοσου και απεθανεν εν μαλακια πονηρα και ουκ εποιησεν ο λαος αυτου εκφοραν καθως εκφοραν πατερων αυτου [lxx]

2 Chronicles 21:15

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KJV: And thou shalt have great sickness by disease of thy bowels, until thy bowels fall out by reason of the sickness day by day.

Hebrew: ואתה בחליים רבים במחלה מעיך עד יצאו מעיך מן החלי ימים על ימים׃

Greek: και συ εν μαλακια πονηρα εν νοσω κοιλιας εως ου εξελθη η κοιλια σου μετα της μαλακιας εξ ημερων εις ημερας

2 Chronicles 21:18

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KJV: And after all this the LORD smote him in his bowels with an incurable disease.

Hebrew: ואחרי כל זאת נגפו יהוה במעיו לחלי לאין מרפא׃

Greek: και μετα ταυτα παντα επαταξεν αυτον κυριος εις την κοιλιαν μαλακια εν η ουκ εστιν ιατρεια

2 Chronicles 21:19

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KJV: And it came to pass, that in process of time, after the end of two years, his bowels fell out by reason of his sickness: so he died of sore diseases. And his people made no burning for him, like the burning of his fathers.

Hebrew: ויהי לימים מימים וכעת צאת הקץ לימים שנים יצאו מעיו עם חליו וימת בתחלאים רעים ולא עשו לו עמו שרפה כשרפת אבתיו׃

Greek: και εγενετο εξ ημερων εις ημερας και ως ηλθεν καιρος των ημερων ημερας δυο εξηλθεν η κοιλια αυτου μετα της νοσου και απεθανεν εν μαλακια πονηρα και ουκ εποιησεν ο λαος αυτου εκφοραν καθως εκφοραν πατερων αυτου

2 Chronicles 24:25 And when they were departed from him, (for they left him in great diseases,) his own servants conspired against him for the blood of the sons of Jehoiada the priest, and slew him on his bed, and he died: and they buried him in the city of David, but they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings. [kjv]

και μετα το απελθειν αυτους απ αυτου εν τω εγκαταλιπειν αυτον εν μαλακιαις μεγαλαις και επεθεντο αυτω οι παιδες αυτου εν αιμασιν υιου ιωδαε του ιερεως και εθανατωσαν αυτον επι της κλινης αυτου και απεθανεν και εθαψαν αυτον εν πολει δαυιδ και ουκ εθαψαν αυτον εν τω ταφω των βασιλεων [lxx]

2 Chronicles 24:25

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KJV: And when they were departed from him, (for they left him in great diseases,) his own servants conspired against him for the blood of the sons of Jehoiada the priest, and slew him on his bed, and he died: and they buried him in the city of David, but they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings.

Hebrew: ובלכתם ממנו כי עזבו אתו במחליים רבים התקשרו עליו עבדיו בדמי בני יהוידע הכהן ויהרגהו על מטתו וימת ויקברהו בעיר דויד ולא קברהו בקברות המלכים׃

Greek: και μετα το απελθειν αυτους απ αυτου εν τω εγκαταλιπειν αυτον εν μαλακιαις μεγαλαις και επεθεντο αυτω οι παιδες αυτου εν αιμασιν υιου ιωδαε του ιερεως και εθανατωσαν αυτον επι της κλινης αυτου και απεθανεν και εθαψαν αυτον εν πολει δαυιδ και ουκ εθαψαν αυτον εν τω ταφω των βασιλεων

Job 23:16 For God maketh my heart soft, and the Almighty troubleth me: [kjv]

κυριος δε εμαλακυνεν την καρδιαν μου ο δε παντοκρατωρ εσπουδασεν με [lxx]

Job 23:16

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KJV: For God maketh my heart soft, and the Almighty troubleth me:

Hebrew: ואל הרך לבי ושדי הבהילני׃

Greek: κυριος δε εμαλακυνεν την καρδιαν μου ο δε παντοκρατωρ εσπουδασεν με

Job 24:23 Though it be given him to be in safety, whereon he resteth; yet his eyes are upon their ways. [kjv]

μαλακισθεις μη ελπιζετω υγιασθηναι αλλα πεσειται νοσω [lxx]

When he has fallen sick, let him not hope to recover: but let him perish by disease. [bs3]

Job 24:23

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KJV: Though it be given him to be in safety, whereon he resteth; yet his eyes are upon their ways.

Hebrew: יתן לו לבטח וישען ועיניהו על דרכיהם׃

Greek: μαλακισθεις μη ελπιζετω υγιασθηναι αλλα πεσειται νοσω

Brenton: When he has fallen sick, let him not hope to recover: but let him perish by disease.

Job 33:19 He is chastened also with pain upon his bed, and the multitude of his bones with strong pain: [kjv]

παλιν δε ηλεγξεν αυτον εν μαλακια επι κοιτης και πληθος οστων αυτου εναρκησεν [lxx]

Job 33:19

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KJV: He is chastened also with pain upon his bed, and the multitude of his bones with strong pain:

Hebrew: והוכח במכאוב על משכבו וריב עצמיו אתן׃

Greek: παλιν δε ηλεγξεν αυτον εν μαλακια επι κοιτης και πληθος οστων αυτου εναρκησεν

Proverbs 25:15 By long forbearing is a prince persuaded, and a soft tongue breaketh the bone. [kjv]

εν μακροθυμια ευοδια βασιλευσιν γλωσσα δε μαλακη συντριβει οστα [lxx]

Proverbs 25:15

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KJV: By long forbearing is a prince persuaded, and a soft tongue breaketh the bone.

Hebrew: בארך אפים יפתה קצין ולשון רכה תשבר גרם׃

Greek: εν μακροθυμια ευοδια βασιλευσιν γλωσσα δε μαλακη συντριβει οστα

Proverbs 26:22 The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly. [kjv]

λογοι κερκωπων μαλακοι ουτοι δε τυπτουσιν εις ταμιεια σπλαγχνων [lxx]

The words of cunning knaves are soft; but they strike even to the inmost parts of the bowels. [bs3]

Proverbs 26:22

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KJV: The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly.

Hebrew: דברי נרגן כמתלהמים והם ירדו חדרי בטן׃

Greek: λογοι κερκωπων μαλακοι ουτοι δε τυπτουσιν εις ταμιεια σπλαγχνων

Brenton: The words of cunning knaves are soft; but they strike even to the inmost parts of the bowels.

Isaiah 38:1 In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz came unto him, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Set thine house in order: for thou shalt die, and not live. [kjv]

εγενετο δε εν τω καιρω εκεινω εμαλακισθη εζεκιας εως θανατου και ηλθεν προς αυτον ησαιας υιος αμως ο προφητης και ειπεν προς αυτον ταδε λεγει κυριος ταξαι περι του οικου σου αποθνησκεις γαρ συ και ου ζηση [lxx]

38:9 The writing of Hezekiah king of Judah, when he had been sick, and was recovered of his sickness: [kjv]

προσευχη εζεκιου βασιλεως της ιουδαιας ηνικα εμαλακισθη και ανεστη εκ της μαλακιας αυτου [lxx]

Isaiah 38:1

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KJV: In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz came unto him, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Set thine house in order: for thou shalt die, and not live.

Hebrew: בימים ההם חלה חזקיהו למות ויבוא אליו ישעיהו בן אמוץ הנביא ויאמר אליו כה אמר יהוה צו לביתך כי מת אתה ולא תחיה׃

Greek: εγενετο δε εν τω καιρω εκεινω εμαλακισθη εζεκιας εως θανατου και ηλθεν προς αυτον ησαιας υιος αμως ο προφητης και ειπεν προς αυτον ταδε λεγει κυριος ταξαι περι του οικου σου αποθνησκεις γαρ συ και ου ζηση

Isaiah 38:9

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KJV: The writing of Hezekiah king of Judah, when he had been sick, and was recovered of his sickness:

Hebrew: מכתב לחזקיהו מלך יהודה בחלתו ויחי מחליו׃

Greek: προσευχη εζεκιου βασιλεως της ιουδαιας ηνικα εμαλακισθη και ανεστη εκ της μαλακιας αυτου

Isaiah 39:1 At that time Merodach–baladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present to Hezekiah: for he had heard that he had been sick, and was recovered. [kjv]

εν τω καιρω εκεινω απεστειλεν μαρωδαχ υιος του λααδαν ο βασιλευς της βαβυλωνιας επιστολας και πρεσβεις και δωρα εζεκια ηκουσεν γαρ οτι εμαλακισθη εως θανατου και ανεστη [lxx]

Isaiah 39:1

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KJV: At that time Merodach–baladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present to Hezekiah: for he had heard that he had been sick, and was recovered.

Hebrew: בעת ההיא שלח מרדך בלאדן בן בלאדן מלך בבל ספרים ומנחה אל חזקיהו וישמע כי חלה ויחזק׃

Greek: εν τω καιρω εκεινω απεστειλεν μαρωδαχ υιος του λααδαν ο βασιλευς της βαβυλωνιας επιστολας και πρεσβεις και δωρα εζεκια ηκουσεν γαρ οτι εμαλακισθη εως θανατου και ανεστη

Isaiah 53:3 He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not. [kjv]

αλλα το ειδος αυτου ατιμον εκλειπον παρα παντας ανθρωπους ανθρωπος εν πληγη ων και ειδως φερειν μαλακιαν οτι απεστραπται το προσωπον αυτου ητιμασθη και ουκ ελογισθη [lxx]

But his form was ignoble, and inferior to that of the children of men; he was a man in suffering, and acquainted with the bearing of sickness, for his face is turned from us: he was dishonoured, and not esteemed. [bs3]

Isaiah 53:3

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KJV: He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not.

Hebrew: נבזה וחדל אישים איש מכאבות וידוע חלי וכמסתר פנים ממנו נבזה ולא חשבנהו׃

Greek: αλλα το ειδος αυτου ατιμον εκλειπον παρα παντας ανθρωπους ανθρωπος εν πληγη ων και ειδως φερειν μαλακιαν οτι απεστραπται το προσωπον αυτου ητιμασθη και ουκ ελογισθη

Brenton: But his form was ignoble, and inferior to that of the children of men; he was a man in suffering, and acquainted with the bearing of sickness, for his face is turned from us: he was dishonoured, and not esteemed.

Isaiah 53:5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. [kjv]

αυτος δε ετραυματισθη δια τας ανομιας ημων και μεμαλακισται δια τας αμαρτιας ημων παιδεια ειρηνης ημων επ αυτον τω μωλωπι αυτου ημεις ιαθημεν [lxx]

Isaiah 53:5

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KJV: But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.

Hebrew: והוא מחלל מפשענו מדכא מעונתינו מוסר שלומנו עליו ובחברתו נרפא לנו׃

Greek: αυτος δε ετραυματισθη δια τας ανομιας ημων και μεμαλακισται δια τας αμαρτιας ημων παιδεια ειρηνης ημων επ αυτον τω μωλωπι αυτου ημεις ιαθημεν

Daniel 8:27 And I Daniel fainted, and was sick certain days; afterward I rose up, and did the king's business; and I was astonished at the vision, but none understood it. [kjv]

και εγω δανιηλ εκοιμηθην και εμαλακισθην ημερας και ανεστην και εποιουν τα εργα του βασιλεως και εθαυμαζον την ορασιν και ουκ ην ο συνιων [lxx]

Daniel 8:27

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KJV: And I Daniel fainted, and was sick certain days; afterward I rose up, and did the king's business; and I was astonished at the vision, but none understood it.

Hebrew: ואני דניאל נהייתי ונחליתי ימים ואקום ואעשה את מלאכת המלך ואשתומם על המראה ואין מבין׃

Greek: και εγω δανιηλ εκοιμηθην και εμαλακισθην ημερας και ανεστην και εποιουν τα εργα του βασιλεως και εθαυμαζον την ορασιν και ουκ ην ο συνιων