The modern Greek word "κλήτοι" (KLEE-tee) ≈ "called" is related to the English word "call".

Note that the Latin "c" was what today in English is a "k" sound. The Latin "c" and later English "c" often softened to a "s" or "ch" sound.

The PIE (Proto Indo-European) root is "*gal" ≈ "call"

• call
• clatter
• Gallic
• gallium (Chemical element)
• "gallus" ≈ "cock or rooster"

Note: I could not find anything about this, but it appears that the "g" in "gal" for "call" in "galexander" could have disappeared over time so that "Alexander" could mean "calling out gathered men".

The chemical element Gallium, element number 31, was discovered/named by the French chemist French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875.

On a warm day, gallium will melt - such as a spoon of gallium melting in hot water.

de Boisbaudran is said to have named the element Gallium in honor of his country of France, from the Latin Gallia, but his firs name in French is the word "le coq" ≈ "the rooster". The Latin word "gallus" ≈ "rooster". He denied doing this. Perhaps it was just a coincidence.

The hard "c" as a "k" can easily, over time, change to a hard "g" sound. Either sound can change to a more breathy sound as "kh" or "gh" as in the Greek letter «χ». Over time, only the "h" breathy sound can remain and that may eventually disappear altogether.

• dough

Note that the "c" as in "k", or "g" can add an "l" to get "kl" or "gl". The root of the word "call" is related to the following.

• die Klage (German for "complaint").
• Glagotitic (early Russian Slavic alphabet/language)
• The Russian word "гласн" (glasn) ≈ "say or call"

The Russian prefix "со" has the connotation of "together" so that "agree" is to "say together". From the modern Greek word "συμφωνούσιν" (seem-fo-NU-seen) ≈ "agree" comes the English word "symphony", literally to "say together".

That Russian root is the basis for the Russian word "гла́сность" (glast-nost) ≈ "Glastnost" which tends to mean "openness" and/or "transparency" and was popularized by Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980's although used by Lenin earlier.

The prefix "ex", from Latin, usually means "out of".

The GNT (Greek New Testament) word "εκλέκτον" (eh-KLEH-kton) ≈ "elect, chosen" starts with the prefix «εκ». Note that there is a small linguistic effect from "ex" which can be written as "eks" to "ek" (just the "s").

So "ek" and "ex", or "eks", has the meaning of "out of".

This name of the Greek letter «ξ», is pronounced "ski" and has the sound "ks" as in the "ks" in "lacks", or "Jackson".

The Greek Ξ or ξ with the "ks" sound was written in some variants of ancient Greek as Χ or χ. It was this symbol that was brought into Latin as the letter X or x.

In English, an "x" at the beginning of a word has a "z" sound as starting a word with the "ks" sound is difficult for most English speakers. For example, consider the following Greek words starting with the "ks" sound.

The company name "Xerox", is in a "Xerox copy", originates from the modern Greek word "ξηρός" (ksee-ROS) ≈ "dry" since the product that made Xerox successful was a "dry copy" process.

A "xylophone" is a musical instrument with (originally) wooden bars that are struck by a mallet to sound musical notes.

The English word "xylophone" comes from the Greek "ξύλο" (KSEE-lo) ≈ "wood" and "φωνή" (fo-NEE) ≈ "sound, voice, articulate speech".

The modern Greek word is "ξυλόφωνο" (ksee-LO-fo-no) ≈ "xylophone".

The English word "xenophobia", literally fear of strangers, comes from the Greek "ξένος" (KSEH-nos) ≈ "stranger, guest" and "φόβος" (FO-vos) ≈ "fear" or "φοβία" (fo-VEE-a) ≈ "fear, phobia".

The modern Greek word is "ξενοφοβία" (kseh-no-fo-VEE-a) ≈ "xenophobia".

The ancient modern Greek word "πανδοχείον" (pan-tho-KHEE-on) ≈ "hotel" is literally, an "everything container".

The modern Greek word "ξενοδοχείο" (kseh-no-tho-KHEE-o) ≈ "hotel" is literally, a "stranger container".

Whenever the letter "x" ends a word in English, it is pronounced as a "ks".

• The English word "fox".
• The English word "box" which is related to the ancient Greek word "πυξ" (peeks) ≈ "box"
• The Greek word for "six" is "εξ" (ehks) ≈ "six" from which we get the English word "six".With breathing at the beginning, one gets "hex" for "six", as in "hexadecimal" (base 16, or base 6 plus 10).

Note that the Latin "c" was what today in English is a "k" sound. The Greek «κ» and the (hard) Latin "c" can change to/from a hard "g" sound over time.

This may be the case with "leg" (as in gather, as in a legion) and "lek" (as in gather).

The modern Greek word "αλέκτωρ" (a-LEH-ktor) ≈ "rooster" appears many times in the Bible. In the NT the roster is associated with Peter denying Christ.

The name "Αλέξανδρος" (A-LEH-ksan-thros) ≈ "Alexander", as in "Alexander the Great", literally means one who gives orders to (or calls out, or protects) men where "ανδρός" (an-THROS) ≈ "man" appears 134 times in the LXX and GNT while "αλέκτωρ" (a-LEH-ktor) ≈ "rooster" is related to "αλέκω" (a-LEH-ko) ≈ "protect, defend" which does not appear in the Bible but a variant does appear in the next section.

In some English notations for ancient Greek, the following are used.

• "(" is the left parentheses character and represents rough breathing (at the beginning of a word).
• ")" is the right parentheses character and represents smooth breathing (at the beginning of a word).

In ancient Greek, the "χ" or "chi" sound was more like a hard "kh" sound but not the "k" sound used by pastors or those who have learned the Middle Age pronunciation system invented by the Dutchman Erasmus (and pronounced differently in different parts of the world). This pronunciation system used by pastors is sometimes called "cowboy Greek".

In modern Greek, the "χ" or "chi" sound in the middle of a word is like a softened but still somewhat hard "kh" sound. However, the "χ" or "chi" at the beginning of a word is like an English "h" sound. If that aspiration were to disappear, that "χ" or "chi" at the beginning of a word would become silent.