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Matthew 5:27-28,31-32 Adulterated hearts
1. Matthew 5:21-26 Divorcing the brotherly gift agreement
2. Matthew 5:27-28,31-32 Adulterated hearts
3. Matthew 5:27
KJV: Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery:
Greek: ηκουσατε οτι ερρεθη τοις αρχαιοις ου μοιχευσεις
4. Matthew 5:28
KJV: But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart.
Greek: εγω δε λεγω υμιν οτι πας ο βλεπων γυναικα προς το επιθυμησαι αυτης αυτην ηδη εμοιχευσεν αυτην εν τη καρδια αυτου
Wessex: soðlice ic segge eow. þaet aelc þare þe wif geseohð aend hire gewilneð. eallunge þaet se gesinegað on his heorte.
5. Matthew 5:31
KJV: It hath been said, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement:
Greek: ερρεθη δε οτι ος αν απολυση την γυναικα αυτου δοτω αυτη αποστασιον
6. Matthew 5:32
KJV: But I say unto you, That whosoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery: and whosoever shall marry her that is divorced committeth adultery.
Greek: εγω δε λεγω υμιν οτι ος αν απολυση πας ο απολυων την γυναικα αυτου παρεκτος λογου πορνειας ποιει αυτην μοιχασθαι μοιχευθηναι και και ος εαν απολελυμενην γαμηση μοιχαται
7. Matthew 5:27-28 Adultery
8. Matthew 5:28 See
Matthew 5:28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. [kjv]
εγω δε λεγω υμιν οτι πας ο βλεπων γυναικα προς το επιθυμησαι αυτην ηδη εμοιχευσεν αυτην εν τη καρδια αυτου [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"βλέπω" ≈ "see, observe" (a pre-Greek word). That is
"seeing" or
"observing" but not (yet) "
knowing" or "
understanding".
There are many Greek words for "
see". The word used here is that of
"observing" without really needing to "
understand".
Let us go beyond the somewhat obvious literal interpretation (with logical issues, see below). From the context of the past few verses, would a "
bird", representing a "
man", in a
religious establishment, seeing a gullible group representing a "
woman", have "
desire" to take that woman away from the one to whom the group is supposed to be bound to (e.g., God) in order to use that
woman for his own selfish purposes?
9. 2 Samuel 11:2-3
2 Samuel 11:2 And it came to pass in an eveningtide, that David arose from off his bed, and walked upon the roof of the king's house: and from the roof he saw a woman washing herself; and the woman was very beautiful to look upon. [kjv]
και εγενετο προς εσπεραν και ανεστη δαυιδ απο της κοιτης αυτου και περιεπατει επι του δωματος του οικου του βασιλεως και ειδεν γυναικα λουομενην απο του δωματος και η γυνη καλη τω ειδει σφοδρα [lxx]
11:3 And David sent and enquired after the woman. And one said, Is not this Bath–sheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite? [kjv]
David "
saw" and "
wanted".
The Greek word for "
see" used here is that of seeing with "
understanding". It appears that David did not just "
see" Bath-Sheba for the first time.
10. 2 Samuel 11:2
KJV: And it came to pass in an eveningtide, that David arose from off his bed, and walked upon the roof of the king's house: and from the roof he saw a woman washing herself; and the woman was very beautiful to look upon.
Hebrew: ויהי לעת הערב ויקם דוד מעל משכבו ויתהלך על גג בית המלך וירא אשה רחצת מעל הגג והאשה טובת מראה מאד׃
Greek: και εγενετο προς εσπεραν και ανεστη δαυιδ απο της κοιτης αυτου και περιεπατει επι του δωματος του οικου του βασιλεως και ειδεν γυναικα λουομενην απο του δωματος και η γυνη καλη τω ειδει σφοδρα
11. 2 Samuel 11:3
KJV: And David sent and enquired after the woman. And one said, Is not this Bath–sheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?
Hebrew: וישלח דוד וידרש לאשה ויאמר הלוא זאת בת שבע בת אליעם אשת אוריה החתי׃
Greek: και απεστειλεν δαυιδ και εζητησεν την γυναικα και ειπεν ουχι αυτη βηρσαβεε θυγατηρ ελιαβ γυνη ουριου του χετταιου
12. Matthew 5:28 Desire
Matthew 5:28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. [kjv]
εγω δε λεγω υμιν οτι πας ο βλεπων γυναικα προς το επιθυμησαι αυτην ηδη εμοιχευσεν αυτην εν τη καρδια αυτου [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"ἐπιθυμία" ≈ "yearning, longing, desire, craving". In context, it
can mean
"lust" (with a negative connotation). This word is used for
"covet".
Can a
man look at a
woman with
"desire" that is not necessarily
"lust"?
Can a
woman look at a
man with
"desire" that is not necessarily
"lust"? Does this verse cover this scenario?
13. Exodus 20:17 Covet
Exodus 20:17 Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's. [kjv]
ουκ επιθυμησεις την γυναικα του πλησιον σου ουκ επιθυμησεις την οικιαν του πλησιον σου ουτε τον αγρον αυτου ουτε τον παιδα αυτου ουτε την παιδισκην αυτου ουτε του βοος αυτου ουτε του υποζυγιου αυτου ουτε παντος κτηνους αυτου ουτε οσα τω πλησιον σου εστιν [lxx]
Can a man
"covet" at a neighbor's
"wife" or
"woman" with
"desire" that is not necessarily
"lust"?
14. Exodus 20:17
KJV: Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.
Hebrew: לא תחמד בית רעך לא תחמד אשת רעך ועבדו ואמתו ושורו וחמרו וכל אשר לרעך׃
Greek: ουκ επιθυμησεις την γυναικα του πλησιον σου ουκ επιθυμησεις την οικιαν του πλησιον σου ουτε τον αγρον αυτου ουτε τον παιδα αυτου ουτε την παιδισκην αυτου ουτε του βοος αυτου ουτε του υποζυγιου αυτου ουτε παντος κτηνους αυτου ουτε οσα τω πλησιον σου εστιν
15. Matthew 5:28 Heart
Matthew 5:28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. [kjv]
εγω δε λεγω υμιν οτι πας ο βλεπων γυναικα προς το επιθυμησαι αυτην ηδη εμοιχευσεν αυτην εν τη καρδια αυτου [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"καρδία" ≈ "heart" as a source of emotion, bout could mean
"mind",
"stomach",
"inner part". It is related to the Latin word
"cor" ≈ "heart".
This idea of
"heart" will come up later in the Sermon on the Mount in the "
treasure" verses.
16. Matthew 6: A treasury of treasures of which to treasure
1 Timothy 6:7 For we brought nothing into this world, and it is certain we can carry no thing out. [kjv]
Can you take your treasure with you? Have you ever seen a hearse (on the way to a graveyard) pulling a U-Haul (with possessions, etc.)? Is treasure mental or physical (or both)? Jesus talks of a way to take you
"treasure" with you.
Matthew 6:19 Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal: [kjv]
6:20 But lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through nor steal: [kjv]
6:21 For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. [kjv]
Many of the words in the
KJV (King James Version) have a different meaning in the Greek. Jesus uses some play on word in these verses.
17. Matthew 5:28 Wife
Matthew 5:28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. [kjv]
εγω δε λεγω υμιν οτι πας ο βλεπων γυναικα προς το επιθυμησαι αυτην ηδη εμοιχευσεν αυτην εν τη καρδια αυτου [gnt]
… wif … [wes]
The Old English word
"wif" ≈ "woman". Thus, saying
my "wife", going back in English etymology, is to say,
my "woman". The Old English word
"wer" ≈ "man, male, husband".
The perception of words tends to change over time. Which term do you prefer:
"world" which, from Old English, is "age of man".
"werewolf" means, literally, "man" "wolf".
"warwick" means, literally, "man" "village".
"mankind", which, from Old English, is "kind of people".
18. Matthew 5:28 Whosoever
Matthew 5:28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. [kjv]
εγω δε λεγω υμιν οτι πας ο βλεπων γυναικα προς το επιθυμησαι αυτην ηδη εμοιχευσεν αυτην εν τη καρδια αυτου [gnt]
| * |
Masc.
Sing. |
Masc.
Plural |
Fem.
Sing. |
Fem.
Plural |
Neuter
Sing. |
Neuter
Plural |
| Nom. |
πᾶς |
πᾰ́ντες |
πᾶσᾰ |
πᾶσαι |
πᾶν |
πᾰ́ντᾰ |
| Gen. |
πᾰντός |
πᾰ́ντων |
πᾱ́σης |
πᾱσῶν |
πᾰντός |
πᾰ́ντων |
| Dat. |
́πᾰντῐ́ |
πᾶσῐ(ν) |
πᾱ́σῃ |
πᾱ́σαις |
́πᾰντῐ́ |
πᾶσῐ(ν) |
| Acc. |
πᾰ́ντᾰ |
πᾰ́ντᾰς |
πᾶν |
πᾱ́σᾱς |
πᾶσᾰν |
πᾰ́ντᾰ |
The ancient Greek word
"πᾶς" ≈ "all, every". In the plural this would be as a "
complete" unit. In the singular, as is used here, it is "
each", "
every", "
all" of the domain that fits the
context.
19. Matthew 5:28 Whosoever
Matthew 5:28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. [kjv]
εγω δε λεγω υμιν οτι πας ο βλεπων γυναικα προς το επιθυμησαι αυτην ηδη εμοιχευσεν αυτην εν τη καρδια αυτου [gnt]
The word
"all" could have the literal meaning of
"each" and
"every" "
man". Then what about "
women" looking at "
men" in the same way? [Potiphar's wife looking at Joseph]
From the context, the secondary meaning of the
religious establishment , from the past verses, appears to be a good fit.
20. Christ and the church
Here is the analogy used by Jesus, Paul, etc.
Jesus is the groom (grammatically masculine)
The church as a gathering of believers is the bride (grammatically feminine).
The church is married to Jesus.
Discuss:
Would a "bird" or "wolf" or "wolf-dog" look at those in a "church" as a "man" might look at a "women", wanting with "desire", to use that "church" for their own "desires"?
Might Jesus have had this additional in mind when he spoke these words?
21. Ephesians 5:23
Ephesians 5:23 For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church: and he is the saviour of the body. [kjv]
οτι ανηρ εστιν κεφαλη της γυναικος ως και ο χριστος κεφαλη της εκκλησιας αυτος σωτηρ του σωματος [gnt]
Christ is the "
head" of the "
church" as a "
gathering of believers".
Is Christ
your "
head"?
22. Ephesians 5:23
KJV: For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church: and he is the saviour of the body.
Greek: οτι ο ανηρ εστιν κεφαλη της γυναικος ως και ο χριστος κεφαλη της εκκλησιας και αυτος εστιν σωτηρ του σωματος
23. Hairs on a head revisited
Matthew 5:36 Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair white or black. [kjv]
10:30 But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. [kjv]
As a secondary meaning, Jesus is the "
head" of the "
church" of "
believers". Let us
paraphrase both verses using this insight and using a "
person" (or "
believer") as a "
hair".
Matthew 5:36: Do not swear by Jesus because you cannot make/judge/separate one believer/person as 'white' or 'black'. (or "narrow gate" or "wide gate" or "heaven" or "hell", etc.).
Matthew 10:30: But the very believers/persons of Jesus are all numbered.
24. Hairs and believers
25. Matthew 5:29-30 Members
The discourse and verses in Matthew 5 appear to be concerned with individuals and how they relate to others in some external environment. The meaning of "
body" is important.
Matthew 5:29 And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell. [kjv]
ει δε ο οφθαλμος σου ο δεξιος σκανδαλιζει σε εξελε αυτον και βαλε απο σου συμφερει γαρ σοι ινα αποληται εν των μελων σου και μη ολον το σωμα σου βληθη εις γεενναν [gnt]
5:30 And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell. [kjv]
και ει η δεξια σου χειρ σκανδαλιζει σε εκκοψον αυτην και βαλε απο σου συμφερει γαρ σοι ινα αποληται εν των μελων σου και μη ολον το σωμα σου εις γεενναν απελθη [gnt]
Let us skip these two verses and then come back to them.
26. Matthew 5:31
Matthew 5:31 It hath been said, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement: [kjv]
ερρεθη δε ος αν απολυση την γυναικα αυτου δοτω αυτη αποστασιον [gnt]
Jesus will repeat this saying in Matthew 19 and attribute the writing to Moses.
27. Matthew 19:7-9
Matthew 19:7 They say unto him, Why did Moses then command to give a writing of divorcement, and to put her away? [kjv]
λεγουσιν αυτω τι ουν μωυσης ενετειλατο δουναι βιβλιον αποστασιου και απολυσαι [gnt]
19:8 He saith unto them, Moses because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it was not so. [kjv]
λεγει αυτοις οτι μωυσης προς την σκληροκαρδιαν υμων επετρεψεν υμιν απολυσαι τας γυναικας υμων απ αρχης δε ου γεγονεν ουτως [gnt]
19:9 And I say unto you, Whosoever shall put away his wife, except it be for fornication, and shall marry another, committeth adultery: and whoso marrieth her which is put away doth commit adultery. [kjv]
λεγω δε υμιν οτι ος αν απολυση την γυναικα αυτου μη επι πορνεια και γαμηση αλλην μοιχαται [gnt]
28. Matthew 19:7
KJV: They say unto him, Why did Moses then command to give a writing of divorcement, and to put her away?
Greek: λεγουσιν αυτω τι ουν μωσης μωυσης ενετειλατο δουναι βιβλιον αποστασιου και απολυσαι αυτην
29. Matthew 19:8
KJV: He saith unto them, Moses because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it was not so.
Greek: λεγει αυτοις οτι μωσης μωυσης προς την σκληροκαρδιαν υμων επετρεψεν υμιν απολυσαι τας γυναικας υμων απ αρχης δε ου γεγονεν ουτως
30. Matthew 19:9
KJV: And I say unto you, Whosoever shall put away his wife, except it be for fornication, and shall marry another, committeth adultery: and whoso marrieth her which is put away doth commit adultery.
Greek: λεγω δε υμιν οτι ος αν απολυση την γυναικα αυτου ει μη επι πορνεια και γαμηση αλλην μοιχαται και ο απολελυμενην γαμησας μοιχαται
31. Matthew 19:10-12
Matthew 19:10 His disciples say unto him, If the case of the man be so with his wife, it is not good to marry. [kjv]
19:11 But he said unto them, All men cannot receive this saying, save they to whom it is given. [kjv]
19:12 For there are some eunuchs, which were so born from their mother's womb: and there are some eunuchs, which were made eunuchs of men: and there be eunuchs, which have made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake. He that is able to receive it, let him receive it. [kjv]
32. Matthew 19:10
KJV: His disciples say unto him, If the case of the man be so with his wife, it is not good to marry.
Greek: λεγουσιν αυτω οι μαθηται αυτου ει ουτως εστιν η αιτια του ανθρωπου μετα της γυναικος ου συμφερει γαμησαι
33. Matthew 19:11
KJV: But he said unto them, All men cannot receive this saying, save they to whom it is given.
Greek: ο δε ειπεν αυτοις ου παντες χωρουσιν τον λογον τουτον αλλ οις δεδοται
34. Matthew 19:12
KJV: For there are some eunuchs, which were so born from their mother's womb: and there are some eunuchs, which were made eunuchs of men: and there be eunuchs, which have made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake. He that is able to receive it, let him receive it.
Greek: εισιν γαρ ευνουχοι οιτινες εκ κοιλιας μητρος εγεννηθησαν ουτως και εισιν ευνουχοι οιτινες ευνουχισθησαν υπο των ανθρωπων και εισιν ευνουχοι οιτινες ευνουχισαν εαυτους δια την βασιλειαν των ουρανων ο δυναμενος χωρειν χωρειτω
35. Matthew 5:32
Matthew 5:32 But I say unto you, That whosoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery: and whosoever shall marry her that is divorced committeth adultery. [kjv]
εγω δε λεγω υμιν οτι πας οαπολυων την γυναικα αυτου παρεκτος λογου πορνειας ποιει αυτην μοιχευθηναι και και ος εαν απολελυμενην γαμηση μοιχαται [gnt]
Discuss:
Has the "church", in any way throughout history, committed "fornication"?
Would "fornication" by a church provide reason for that church to be "put away" by the "groom" or "husband"?
Jesus says this in some of the Letters to the Seven Churches at the beginning of Revelation. These are things Jesus has "
against you" referring to that church.
Jesus states more instances later in the book of Revelation.
36. Revelation 2:20-21 Thyatira
Revelation 2:20 Notwithstanding I have a few things against thee, because thou sufferest that woman Jezebel, which calleth herself a prophetess, to teach and to seduce my servants to commit fornication, and to eat things sacrificed unto idols. [kjv]
αλλα εχω κατα σου οτι αφεις την γυναικα ιεζαβελ ηλεγουσα εαυτην προφητιν και διδασκει καιπλανα τους εμους δουλους πορνευσαι και φαγειν ειδωλοθυτα [gnt]
2:21 And I gave her space to repent of her fornication; and she repented not. [kjv]
και εδωκα αυτη χρονον ινα μετανοηση και ουθελει μετανοησαι εκ της πορνειας αυτης [gnt]
37. Revelation 2:22-23 Thyatira
Revelation 2:22 Behold, I will cast her into a bed, and them that commit adultery with her into great tribulation, except they repent of their deeds. [kjv]
ιδου βαλλω αυτην εις κλινην και τους μοιχευοντας μετ αυτης εις θλιψιν μεγαλην εαν μη μετανοησουσιν εκ των εργων αυτης [gnt]
2:23 And I will kill her children with death; and all the churches shall know that I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts: and I will give unto every one of you according to your works. [kjv]
και τα τεκνα αυτης αποκτενω εν θανατω και γνωσονται πασαι αι εκκλησιαι οτι εγω ειμι ο εραυνων νεφρους και καρδιας και δωσω υμιν εκαστω κατα τα εργα υμων [gnt]
38. Revelation 2:20
KJV: Notwithstanding I have a few things against thee, because thou sufferest that woman Jezebel, which calleth herself a prophetess, to teach and to seduce my servants to commit fornication, and to eat things sacrificed unto idols.
Greek: αλλ αλλα εχω κατα σου ολιγα οτι εας αφεις την γυναικα ιεζαβηλ την λεγουσαν ιεζαβελ η λεγουσα εαυτην προφητιν διδασκειν και πλανασθαι διδασκει και πλανα τους εμους δουλους πορνευσαι και φαγειν ειδωλοθυτα φαγειν
39. Revelation 2:21
KJV: And I gave her space to repent of her fornication; and she repented not.
Greek: και εδωκα αυτη χρονον ινα μετανοηση και ου θελει μετανοησαι εκ της πορνειας αυτης και ου μετενοησεν
40. Revelation 2:22
KJV: Behold, I will cast her into a bed, and them that commit adultery with her into great tribulation, except they repent of their deeds.
Greek: ιδου εγω βαλλω αυτην εις κλινην και τους μοιχευοντας μετ αυτης εις θλιψιν μεγαλην εαν μη μετανοησωσιν μετανοησουσιν εκ των εργων αυτων αυτης
41. Revelation 2:23
KJV: And I will kill her children with death; and all the churches shall know that I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts: and I will give unto every one of you according to your works.
Greek: και τα τεκνα αυτης αποκτενω εν θανατω και γνωσονται πασαι αι εκκλησιαι οτι εγω ειμι ο ερευνων εραυνων νεφρους και καρδιας και δωσω υμιν εκαστω κατα τα εργα υμων
42. End of page
