Waltzing out of chains

What exactly does "waltzing" have to do with chains? One broken link in a chain can cause serious issues to a theory, but here we are interested in physical chains.

The "waltz" is a dance of Bohemian origin from about 1800. Bohemia is a Slavic region in the Czech Republic near Bavaria. Literally, Bohemia is the "Land of the Bohe". The German name is Bayern, or Bavaria.

Bohemia is now part of the Czech Republic.

Bayern: German name

Bavaria

Bohemia: Slavic and English name
The coat of arms for the Czech Republic contains the "Crown of Wenceslas" (origin of the Christmas carol). The Czech name for "Wenceslas" is "Václav".

More: Song: Good King Wenceslas - Saint Stephen's Day

Matthew 28:2 And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door, and sat upon it. [kjv]

και ιδου σεισμος εγενετο μεγας αγγελος γαρ κυριου καταβας εξ ουρανου και προσελθων απεκυλισεν τον λιθον και εκαθητο επανω αυτου [gnt]

… revolvit lapidem … [v]

… turnede … stoon… [wy]

… wälzte … Stein … [lu]

The German word "walzen" (val-tsen) ≈ "to roll" came through French to the English "waltz" as the dance gained popularity. The waltz is a three step dance so a pattern repeats (on the same foot) every 6 steps instead of every 2 or 4 steps.

The Luther German Bible uses "wälzte" for the rolling away of the stone on Resurrection Sunday.

Matthew 28:2

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KJV: And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door, and sat upon it.

Greek: και ιδου σεισμος εγενετο μεγας αγγελος γαρ κυριου καταβας εξ ουρανου και προσελθων απεκυλισεν τον λιθοναπο της θυρας και εκαθητο επανω αυτου

Latin: et ecce terraemotus factus est magnus angelus enim Domini descendit de caelo et accedens revolvit lapidem et sedebat super eum

Wycliffe: And lo! ther was maad a greet ertheschakyng; for the aungel of the Lord cam doun fro heuene, and neiyede, and turnede awei the stoon, and sat theron.

Luther: Und siehe, es geschah ein groß Erdbeben. Denn der Engel des Herrn kam vom Himmel herab, trat hinzu und wälzte den Stein von der Tür und setzte sich darauf.

Luke 24:2 And they found the stone rolled away from the sepulchre. [kjv]

ευρον δε τον λιθον αποκεκυλισμενον απο του μνημειου [gnt]

… lapidem revolutum … [v]

… turned awei … [wy]

… rouled awaye … [ty]

… abgewälzet … [lu]

Luke 24:2

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KJV: And they found the stone rolled away from the sepulchre.

Greek: ευρον δε τον λιθον αποκεκυλισμενον απο του μνημειου

Latin: et invenerunt lapidem revolutum a monumento

Wycliffe: And thei founden the stoon turned awei fro the graue.

Tyndale: And they founde the stone rouled awaye fro the sepulcre

Luther: Sie fanden aber den Stein abgewälzet von dem Grabe

Acts 12:7 And, behold, the angel of the Lord came upon him, and a light shined in the prison: and he smote Peter on the side, and raised him up, saying, Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands. [kjv]

και ιδου αγγελος κυριου επεστη και φως ελαμψεν εν τω οικηματι παταξας δε την πλευραν του πετρου ηγειρεν αυτον λεγων αναστα εν ταχει και εξεπεσαν αυτου αι αλυσεις εκ των χειρων [gnt]

… velociter … catenae … [v]

… swiftli… cheynes … [wy]

… quyckly… cheynes … [ty]

… Ketten … [lu]

So what does the "waltz" have to do with chains. There are (at least) two types of chains in the Bible, those that lawfully or mentally bind and those that physically bind. Here we are interested in physical chains.

The first instance is when Peter is in prison by Herod and an angel releases him from his chains during the night.

Acts 12:7

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KJV: And, behold, the angel of the Lord came upon him, and a light shined in the prison: and he smote Peter on the side, and raised him up, saying, Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands.

Greek: και ιδου αγγελος κυριου επεστη και φως ελαμψεν εν τω οικηματι παταξας δε την πλευραν του πετρου ηγειρεν αυτον λεγων αναστα εν ταχει και εξεπεσον εξεπεσαν αυτου αι αλυσεις εκ των χειρων

Latin: et ecce angelus Domini adstitit et lumen refulsit in habitaculo percussoque latere Petri suscitavit eum dicens surge velociter et ceciderunt catenae de manibus eius

Wycliffe: And lo! an aungel of the Lord stoode nyy, and liyt schoon in the prisoun hous. And whanne he hadde smyte the side of Petre, he reiside hym, and seide, Rise thou swiftli. And anoon the cheynes felden doun fro hise hoondis.

Tyndale: And beholde the angell of ye Lorde was there present and a lyght shyned in the lodge. And smote Peter on the syde and steryd him vp sayinge: aryse vp quyckly. And his cheynes fell of fro his hondes.

Luther: Und siehe, der Engel des Herrn kam daher, und ein Licht schien in dem Gemach; und schlug Petrus an die Seite und weckte ihn auf und sprach: Stehe behende auf! Und die Ketten fielen ihm von seinen Händen.

The ancient Greek word "ἅλυσις" ≈ "chain, link in chain mail" and originally meant "winding" from the PIE (Proto Indo-European) root "*WELH" ≈ "turn, wind".

The modern Greek word "αλυσίδα" (a-lee-SEE-tha) ≈ "chain".
The modern Greek word "αλυσίς" (a-lee-SEES) ≈ "chain".

The Latin word "catena" ≈ "chain". The English word comes through French from the Latin word. The word is part of the English word "catenary" as the shape made by a hanging chain.

Note: The hard "c" as "k" sound softened to, in this case, the "ch" sound, just as the German word "die Kirche" ≈ "church" softened to the English word "church".

The German word "die Kette" ≈ "chain".

Mathematically, the catenary curve is the graph of the hyperbolic cosine function. Wikipedia.

Another name for a "catenary" is an "alysoid" from the Greek word for chain.
From the Latin word, the mathematical equation called a "catenary" is name as the shape a chain (or rope) takes when suspended between two points. Power lines take this shape, as do parts of spider webs. A catenary curve appears somewhat like a parabola, but is not exactly a parabola shape.

President Thomas Jefferson is credited with naming the "catenary" curve.

$Hyperbolic cosine function$
In optics and electromagnetics, the hyperbolic cosine and sine functions are basic solutions to Maxwell's equations. Wikipedia.

Exodus 28:25 And the other two ends of the two wreathen chains thou shalt fasten in the two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod before it. [kjv]

… catenarum … [v]

1 Kings 7:17 And nets of checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the other chapiter. [kjv]

… catenarum … [v]

The Latin word "catena" ≈ "chain". The English word comes through French from the Latin word.

Exodus 28:25

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KJV: And the other two ends of the two wreathen chains thou shalt fasten in the two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod before it.

Hebrew: ואת שתי קצות שתי העבתת תתן על שתי המשבצות ונתתה על כתפות האפד אל מול פניו׃

Latin: et ipsarum catenarum extrema duobus copulabis uncinis in utroque latere superumeralis quod rationale respicit

1 Kings 7:17

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KJV: And nets of checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the other chapiter.

Hebrew: שבכים מעשה שבכה גדלים מעשה שרשרות לכתרת אשר על ראש העמודים שבעה לכתרת האחת ושבעה לכתרת השנית׃

Greek: και εποιησεν δυο δικτυα περικαλυψαι το επιθεμα των στυλων και δικτυον τω επιθεματι τω ενι και δικτυον τω επιθεματι τω δευτερω

Latin: et quasi in modum retis et catenarum sibi invicem miro opere contextarum utrumque capitellum columnarum fusile erat septena versuum retiacula in capitello uno et septena retiacula in capitello altero

Revelation 20:1 And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand. [kjv]

και ειδον αγγελον καταβαινοντα εκ του ουρανου εχοντα την κλειν της αβυσσου και αλυσιν μεγαλην επι την χειρα αυτου [gnt]

… catenam … [v]

… chayne … [wy]

… chayne … [ty]

… Kette … [lu]

Revelation 20:1

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KJV: And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand.

Greek: και ειδον αγγελον καταβαινοντα εκ του ουρανου εχοντα την κλειδα κλειν της αβυσσου και αλυσιν μεγαλην επι την χειρα αυτου

Latin: et vidi angelum descendentem de caelo habentem clavem abyssi et catenam magnam in manu sua

Wycliffe: And Y say an aungel comynge doun fro heuene, hauynge the keie of depnesse, and a greet chayne in his hoond.

Tyndale: And I sawe an angell come doune from heven havinge the kaye of the bottomlesse pyt and a gret chayne in his honde.

Luther: Und ich sah einen Engel vom Himmel fahren, der hatte den Schlüssel zum Abgrund und eine große Kette in seiner Hand

In ancient times, Greek had a letter "Ϝ" called digamma that disappeared and that had the sound of an English "v" or "w".

Ϝ ϝ Ϛ ς

The Greek digamma corresponds to the English "F" and had an "f" or "v" or "w". As it was not needed for sound value, it disappeared except for it's numeric value of six (6).

More: Greek digamma

The words above derives from the PIE root "*wel" ≈ "to turn, revolve". Here are some examples.

revolve, evolve, devolve, involve
helix, helicopter
valve, volume, vault
walk, wallet, waltz, well, willow

From this list, let us look at the word "helix".

Hebrews 1:12 And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail. [kjv]

και ωσει περιβολαιον ελιξεις αυτους ως ιματιον και αλλαγησονται συ δε ο αυτος ει και τα ετη σου ουκ εκλειψουσιν [gnt]

A helix is a spiral from the Latin word "helix" ≈ "spiral" from the ancient Greek word "ἕλιξ" ≈ "something twisted or spiral". The modern Greek word "έλιξ" (EH-leeks) ≈ "helix, spiral".

A famous helix is the double helix formed by DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid). The English word "helicopter" comes from the Greek word for "helix".

A Greek word based on "helix" appears twice in the Bible.

Hebrews 1:12 And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail. [kjv]

Revelation 6:14 And the heaven departed as a scroll when it is rolled together; and every mountain and island were moved out of their places. [kjv]

και ο ουρανος απεχωρισθη ως βιβλιον ελισσομενον και παν ορος και νησος εκ των τοπων αυτων εκινηθησαν [gnt]

*G1667 *1 ἑλίσσω (hel-is'-so) : a form of G1507; to coil or wrap:--fold up.

*G1507 εἱλίσσω (hi-lis'-so) : a prolonged form of a primary but defective verb heilo (of the same meaning); to coil or wrap:--roll together.

Revelation 6:14

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KJV: And the heaven departed as a scroll when it is rolled together; and every mountain and island were moved out of their places.

Greek: και ο ουρανος απεχωρισθη ως βιβλιον ειλισσομενον ελισσομενον και παν ορος και νησος εκ των τοπων αυτων εκινηθησαν

The Greek word for "helix" is from the PIE root "*WEIH" ≈ "turn".

Details are left as a future topic.

DNA is a 3 (group) by 4 (nucleotide) code that provides 4³ = 64 instructions used to form proteins. Because of this, DNA is often called the "code of life".

Hebrews 1:12

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KJV: And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail.

Greek: και ωσει περιβολαιον ελιξεις αυτους ως ιματιον και αλλαγησονται συ δε ο αυτος ει και τα ετη σου ουκ εκλειψουσιν

Luther: und wie ein Gewand wirst du sie wandeln, und sie werden sich verwandeln. Du aber bist derselbige, und deine Jahre werden nicht aufhören.

1 Kings 18:38 Then the fire of the LORD fell, and consumed the burnt sacrifice, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench. [kjv]

… בתעלה … [he]

και επεσεν πυρ παρα κυριου εκ του ουρανου και κατεφαγεν το ολοκαυτωμα και τας σχιδακας και το υδωρ το εν τη θααλα και τους λιθους και τον χουν εξελιξεν το πυρ [lxx]

The Greek phase at the end of the verse means something to the effect "and the dust turned/folded the fire".

The modern Greek word "πυρ" (peer) ≈ "fire" is related to the English word "fire", where the sounds "p" and "f" are related due to Grimm's Law (of language sound change).

The modern Greek word "χάος" (HA-os) ≈ "chaos, disorder" is related to the ancient Greek word "χους" ≈ "dust".

1 Kings 18:38 Then the fire of the LORD fell, and consumed the burnt sacrifice, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench. [kjv]

… בתעלה … [he]

*H8585 תְּעָלָה (teh-aw-law') : from H5927; a channel (into which water is raised for irrigation); also a bandage or plaster (as placed upon a wound):--conduit, cured, healing, little river, trench, watercourse.

$בתעלה - in the trench$

The Hebrew word "בתעלה" (teh-aw-law) ≈ "in the trench". The Hebrew for "trench" was directly transliterated into the Greek of the LXX (Septuagint) as "thaala".

More: Genesis 1: A gaping gap between chasm and chaos

1 Kings 18:38

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KJV: Then the fire of the LORD fell, and consumed the burnt sacrifice, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench.

Hebrew: ותפל אש יהוה ותאכל את העלה ואת העצים ואת האבנים ואת העפר ואת המים אשר בתעלה לחכה׃

Greek: και επεσεν πυρ παρα κυριου εκ του ουρανου και κατεφαγεν το ολοκαυτωμα και τας σχιδακας και το υδωρ το εν τη θααλα και τους λιθους και τον χουν εξελιξεν το πυρ

1 Kings 6:8 The door for the middle chamber was in the right side of the house: and they went up with winding stairs into the middle chamber, and out of the middle into the third. [kjv]

και ο πυλων της πλευρας της υποκατωθεν υπο την ωμιαν του οικου την δεξιαν και ελικτη αναβασις εις το μεσον και εκ της μεσης επι τα τριωροφα [lxx]

Ezekiel 36:19 And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them. [kjv]

και διεσπειρα αυτους εις τα εθνη και ελικμησα αυτους εις τας χωρας κατα την οδον αυτων και κατα την αμαρτιαν αυτων εκρινα αυτους [lxx]

The modern Greek word "ελικοειδή" (eh-lee-ko-ee-THEE) ≈ "helical" from which the English word "helicopter" derives.

Note the "k" sound as Greek "κ" (kappa) rather than the combined sound "ks" as Greek "ξ" (ski).

This form appears twice in the LXX.

1 Kings 6:8

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KJV: The door for the middle chamber was in the right side of the house: and they went up with winding stairs into the middle chamber, and out of the middle into the third.

Hebrew: פתח הצלע התיכנה אל כתף הבית הימנית ובלולים יעלו על התיכנה ומן התיכנה אל השלשים׃

Greek: και ο πυλων της πλευρας της υποκατωθεν υπο την ωμιαν του οικου την δεξιαν και ελικτη αναβασις εις το μεσον και εκ της μεσης επι τα τριωροφα

Luther: Eine Tür aber war zur rechten Seite mitten am Hause, daß man durch Wendelsteine hinaufging auf den Mittelgang und vom Mittelgang auf den dritten.

Ezekiel 36:19

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KJV: And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them.

Hebrew: ואפיץ אתם בגוים ויזרו בארצות כדרכם וכעלילותם שפטתים׃

Greek: και διεσπειρα αυτους εις τα εθνη και ελικμησα αυτους εις τας χωρας κατα την οδον αυτων και κατα την αμαρτιαν αυτων εκρινα αυτους

Latin: et dispersi eos in gentes et ventilati sunt in terris iuxta vias eorum et adinventiones iudicavi eos

Luther: Und ich zerstreuete sie unter die Heiden und zerstäubte sie in die Länder und richtete sie nach ihrem Wesen und Tun.

Spanish: Y los esparcí por las naciones, y fueron dispersados por las tierras; conforme a sus caminos y conforme a sus obras los juzgué.

2 Peter 2:4 For if God spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down to hell, and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment; [kjv]

ει γαρ ο θεος αγγελων αμαρτησαντων ουκ εφεισατο αλλα σειροις ζοφου ταρταρωσας παρεδωκεν εις κρισιντηρουμενους [gnt]

… inferni … tartarum … iudicium … [v]

Peter uses a different word that is translated as "chains".

Details are left as a future topic.

2 Peter 2:4

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KJV: For if God spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down to hell, and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment;

Greek: ει γαρ ο θεος αγγελων αμαρτησαντων ουκ εφεισατο αλλα σειραις σειροις ζοφου ταρταρωσας παρεδωκεν εις κρισιντετηρημενους τηρουμενους

Latin: si enim Deus angelis peccantibus non pepercit sed rudentibus inferni detractos in tartarum tradidit in iudicium cruciatos reservari

Wycliffe: For if God sparide not aungels synnynge, but bitook hem to be turmentid, and to be drawun doun with boondis of helle in to helle, to be kept in to dom;

Luther: Denn so Gott der Engel, die gesündiget haben, nicht verschonet hat, sondern hat sie mit Ketten der Finsternis zur Hölle verstoßen und übergeben, daß sie zum Gerichte behalten werden;