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James: Use of male-specific words
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1. James: Use of male-specific words

2. James
Here is content related to the book of James.

3. James: Use of male-specific words
The ancient Greek word "ἄνθρωπος""person, humanity, man" and is the source of the English word "anthropology".

The context determines if it refers to a "man" or to a generic "person" who could be "male" or "female".

James uses the ancient Greek word "ἀνήρ""man, husband" four times.

4. Mark 10:6 Male and female
Verse routeMark 10:6 But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and female. [kjv]
Verse routeαπο δε αρχης κτισεως αρσεν και θηλυ εποιησεν αυτους [gnt]

In ancient and modern Greek, and in many languages, there are specific words that refer to a male and other words that refer to a female.
Mark 10:6
Strong Used Unique Word Part of speech
G730 9 5 αρσεν adjective accusative singular neuter
G2338 5 3 θηλυ adjective accusative singular neuter
*G730 *9 ἄρῥην (ar'-hrane) : or arsen ar'-sane probably from G142; male (as stronger for lifting):--male, man.
*G2338 *5 θήλυς (thay'-loos) : from the same as G2337; female:--female, woman.

5. Strongs - male

6. Usage - male
*G730 *9 ἄρῥην (ar'-hrane) : or arsen ar'-sane probably from G142; male (as stronger for lifting):--male, man.
Word usage per chapter Words: αρρενες=2 αρρεσιν αρσεν=5 αρσενα


7. Strongs - female

8. Usage - female
*G2338 *5 θήλυς (thay'-loos) : from the same as G2337; female:--female, woman.
Word usage per chapter Words: θηλειαι θηλειας θηλυ=3


9. Matthew 19:4
   Matthew 19:4 
 All 
KJV: And he answered and said unto them, Have ye not read, that he which made them at the beginning made them male and female,
Greek: ο δε αποκριθεις ειπεν αυτοις ουκ ανεγνωτε οτι ο ποιησας κτισας απ αρχης αρσεν και θηλυ εποιησεν αυτους

10. Mark 10:6
   Mark 10:6 
 All 
KJV: But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and female.
Greek: απο δε αρχης κτισεως αρσεν και θηλυ εποιησεν αυτους ο θεος

11. Male and husband
Verse routeMatthew 1:19 Then Joseph her husband, being a just man, and not willing to make her a publick example, was minded to put her away privily. [kjv]
Verse routeιωσηφ δε ο ανηρ αυτης δικαιος ων και μη θελων αυτην δειγματισαι εβουληθη λαθρα απολυσαι αυτην [gnt]

Verse routeLuke 23:50 And, behold, there was a man named Joseph, a counsellor; and he was a good man, and a just: [kjv]
Verse routeκαι ιδου ανηρ ονοματι ιωσηφ βουλευτης υπαρχων ανηρ αγαθος και δικαιος [gnt]

*G435 *216 ἀνήρ (an'-ayr) : a primary word (compare G444); a man (properly as an individual male):--fellow, husband, man, sir.
The ancient Greek word "ἀνήρ""man, husband" and can, depending on context, mean a human as opposed to a god.
Matthew 1:19
Strong Used Unique Word Part of speech
G435 216 51 ανηρ noun nominative singular masculine
G1165 2 1 δειγματισαι verb aorist active infinitive

12. Matthew 1:19
   Matthew 1:19 
 All 
KJV: Then Joseph her husband, being a just man, and not willing to make her a publick example, was minded to put her away privily.
Greek: ιωσηφ δε ο ανηρ αυτης δικαιος ων και μη θελων αυτην παραδειγματισαι δειγματισαι εβουληθη λαθρα απολυσαι αυτην

13. Strongs - man

14. Usage - man
*G435 *216 ἀνήρ (an'-ayr) : a primary word (compare G444); a man (properly as an individual male):--fellow, husband, man, sir.
Word usage per chapter Words: ανδρα=31 ανδρας=21 ανδρασιν=7 ανδρες=63 ανδρι=19 ανδρος=16 ανδρων=7 ανερ ανηρ=51


15. Luke 23:50
   Luke 23:50 
 All 
KJV: And, behold, there was a man named Joseph, a counsellor; and he was a good man, and a just:
Greek: και ιδου ανηρ ονοματι ιωσηφ βουλευτης υπαρχων ανηρ αγαθος και δικαιος

16. James 1:7-8 Double-minded man
Verse routeJames 1:7 For let not that man think that he shall receive any thing of the Lord. [kjv]
Verse routeμη γαρ οιεσθω ο ανθρωπος εκεινος οτι λημψεται τι παρα του κυριου [gnt]

Verse route1:8 A double minded man is unstable in all his ways. [kjv]
Verse routeανηρ διψυχος ακαταστατος εν πασαις ταις οδοις αυτου [gnt]

Verse 7 uses the generic "man" that can include "male" and "female". Verse 8 uses the specific "male" for "man" that applies only to "male".

17. James 1:8 Parts of speech
Verse routeJames 1:8 A double minded man is unstable in all his ways. [kjv]
Verse routeανηρ διψυχος ακαταστατος εν πασαις ταις οδοις αυτου [gnt]

James 1:8
Strong Used Unique Word Part of speech
G435 216 51 ανηρ noun nominative singular masculine
G1374 2 1 διψυχος adjective nominative singular masculine
G182 2 1 ακαταστατος adjective nominative singular masculine
G3956 1225 6 πασαις adjective dative plural feminine
G3588 19706 200 ταις article dative plural feminine
G3598 101 3 οδοις noun dative plural feminine
NIV (New International Version): Such a person is double-minded and unstable in all they do.
NLT (New Living Translation): Their loyalty is divided between God and the world, and they are unstable in everything they do.

How might one justify changing the Bible from "man" (what it clearly says) to "person" or inclusive "they"?

18. James 1:7
   James 1:7 
 All 
KJV: For let not that man think that he shall receive any thing of the Lord.
Greek: μη γαρ οιεσθω ο ανθρωπος εκεινος οτι ληψεται λημψεται τι παρα του κυριου

19. James 1:8
   James 1:8 
 All 
KJV: A double minded man is unstable in all his ways.
Greek: ανηρ διψυχος ακαταστατος εν πασαις ταις οδοις αυτου
Greek today: Ανθρωπος διγνωμος ειναι ακαταστατος εν πασαις ταις οδοις αυτου.

20. James 1:12
Verse routeJames 1:12 Blessed is the man that endureth temptation: for when he is tried, he shall receive the crown of life, which the Lord hath promised to them that love him. [kjv]
Verse routeμακαριος ανηρ ος υπομενει πειρασμον οτι δοκιμος γενομενος λημψεται τον στεφανον της ζωης ον επηγγειλατο τοις αγαπωσιν αυτον [gnt]
Verse routeανθρωποςπειρασμονδοκιμασθη… [el]

James 1:12
Strong Used Unique Word Part of speech
G435 216 51 ανηρ noun nominative singular masculine
G3986 21 11 πειρασμον noun accusative singular masculine
G1384 7 3 δοκιμος adjective nominative singular masculine
G2983 259 8 λημψεται verb future middle deponent indicative 3rd person singular
G3588 19706 620 τοις article dative plural masculine
NIV: Blessed is the one who perseveres under trial because, having stood the test, that person will receive the crown of life that the Lord has promised to those who love him.

NLT: God blesses those who patiently endure testing and temptation. Afterward they will receive the crown of life that God has promised to those who love him.

21. James 1:12
   James 1:12 
 All 
KJV: Blessed is the man that endureth temptation: for when he is tried, he shall receive the crown of life, which the Lord hath promised to them that love him.
Greek: μακαριος ανηρ ος υπομενει πειρασμον οτι δοκιμος γενομενος ληψεται λημψεται τον στεφανον της ζωης ον επηγγειλατο ο κυριος τοις αγαπωσιν αυτον
Greek today: Μακαριος ο ανθρωπος, οστις υπομενει πειρασμον διοτι αφου δοκιμασθη, θελει λαβει τον στεφανον της ζωης, τον οποιον υπεσχεθη ο Κυριος εις τους αγαπωντας αυτον.

22. James 2:2
Verse routeJames 2:2 For if there come unto your assembly a man with a gold ring, in goodly apparel, and there come in also a poor man in vile raiment; [kjv]
Verse routeεαν γαρ εισελθη εις συναγωγην υμων ανηρ χρυσοδακτυλιος εν εσθητι λαμπρα εισελθη δε και πτωχος εν ρυπαρα εσθητι [gnt]

James 2:2
Strong Used Unique Word Part of speech
G4864 56 12 συναγωγην noun accusative singular feminine
G435 216 51 ανηρ noun nominative singular masculine
G4434 34 3 πτωχος adjective nominative singular masculine
What if a woman comes into the assembly wearing a gold ring? Is James assuming that only men are allowed in the synagogue (a Greek word).

NLT: For example, suppose someone comes into your meeting dressed in fancy clothes and expensive jewelry, and another comes in who is poor and dressed in dirty clothes.

CEV (Contemporary English Version): Suppose a rich person wearing fancy clothes and a gold ring comes to one of your meetings. And suppose a poor person dressed in worn-out clothes also comes.

23. James 2:2-4
Verse routeJames 2:2 For if there come unto your assembly a man with a gold ring, in goodly apparel, and there come in also a poor man in vile raiment; [kjv]
Verse route2:3 And ye have respect to him that weareth the gay clothing, and say unto him, Sit thou here in a good place; and say to the poor, Stand thou there, or sit here under my footstool: [kjv]
Verse route επιβλεψητε δε επι τον φορουντα την εσθητα την λαμπραν και ειπητε συ καθου ωδε καλως και τω πτωχω ειπητε συ στηθι η καθου εκει υπο το υποποδιον μου [gnt]
Verse route2:4 Are ye not then partial in yourselves, and are become judges of evil thoughts? [kjv]


24. James 2:2
   James 2:2 
 All 
KJV: For if there come unto your assembly a man with a gold ring, in goodly apparel, and there come in also a poor man in vile raiment;
Greek: εαν γαρ εισελθη εις την συναγωγην υμων ανηρ χρυσοδακτυλιος εν εσθητι λαμπρα εισελθη δε και πτωχος εν ρυπαρα εσθητι

25. James 2:3
   James 2:3 
 All 
KJV: And ye have respect to him that weareth the gay clothing, and say unto him, Sit thou here in a good place; and say to the poor, Stand thou there, or sit here under my footstool:
Greek: και επιβλεψητε δε επι τον φορουντα την εσθητα την λαμπραν και ειπητε αυτω συ καθου ωδε καλως και τω πτωχω ειπητε συ στηθι εκει η καθου ωδε εκει υπο το υποποδιον μου

26. James 2:4
   James 2:4 
 All 
KJV: Are ye not then partial in yourselves, and are become judges of evil thoughts?
Greek: και ου διεκριθητε εν εαυτοις και εγενεσθε κριται διαλογισμων πονηρων

27. James 2:2
   James 2:2 
 All 
KJV: For if there come unto your assembly a man with a gold ring, in goodly apparel, and there come in also a poor man in vile raiment;
Greek: εαν γαρ εισελθη εις την συναγωγην υμων ανηρ χρυσοδακτυλιος εν εσθητι λαμπρα εισελθη δε και πτωχος εν ρυπαρα εσθητι

28. James: Judge by appearance
Verse routeJames 2:2 For if there come unto your assembly a man with a gold ring, in goodly apparel, and there come in also a poor man in vile raiment; [kjv]
Verse route2:4 Are ye not then partial in yourselves, and are become judges of evil thoughts? [kjv]
Verse route ου διεκριθητε εν εαυτοις και εγενεσθε κριται διαλογισμων πονηρων [gnt]

Note that here James says that one is not to judge by appearance of "apparel". Later, James will make the case that one can judge by appearance of "works" done.

Verse route2:18 Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: shew me thy faith without thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my works. [kjv]
Verse routeαλλ ερει τις συ πιστιν εχεις καγω εργα εχω δειξον μοι την πιστιν σου χωρις των εργων καγω σοι δειξω εκ των εργων μου την πιστιν [gnt]

Given what James has said, could one "game" the system by dressing down and pretending to be "poor"? Could one "game" the system by doing great "works" to get the world's "glory" or "opinion" without having "faith"?

29. James 2:4
   James 2:4 
 All 
KJV: Are ye not then partial in yourselves, and are become judges of evil thoughts?
Greek: και ου διεκριθητε εν εαυτοις και εγενεσθε κριται διαλογισμων πονηρων

30. James 2:18
   James 2:18 
 All 
KJV: Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: shew me thy faith without thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my works.
Greek: αλλ ερει τις συ πιστιν εχεις καγω εργα εχω δειξον μοι την πιστιν σου εκ χωρις των εργων σου καγω δειξω σοι δειξω εκ των εργων μου την πιστιν μου

31. Matthew 24:23-26 Context verses
Verse routeMatthew 24:23 Then if any man shall say unto you, Lo, here is Christ, or there; believe it not. [kjv]

Verse route24:24 For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and shall shew great signs and wonders; insomuch that, if it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect. [kjv]

Verse route24:25 Behold, I have told you before. [kjv]

Verse route24:26 Wherefore if they shall say unto you, Behold, he is in the desert; go not forth: behold, he is in the secret chambers; believe it not. [kjv]
Verse routeεαν ουν ειπωσιν υμιν ιδου εν τη ερημω εστιν μη εξελθητε ιδου εν τοις ταμειοις μη πιστευσητε [gnt]



Information sign More: The taste of false teaching
Information sign More: Matthew 24:4-5 False Christs and all of it
Information sign More: Matthew 24:25-31 Told before

32. Matthew 7:21-23 Audience
Verse routeMatthew 7:21 Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven. [kjv]
Verse route7:22 Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out devils? and in thy name done many wonderful works? [kjv]
Verse route7:23 And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity. [kjv]

The Greek for "iniquity" is that of going "against the law". That is, "against the law" of God. The people who need to "depart" think they have been doing good. Were they actually "lawless"? Did they work "iniquity"? Were they in any way "against the law" of God? Did they "misinterpret"?

Information sign More: Against the law: out-law or in-law
Information sign More: Luke 10:1-4 Follow the leader
Information sign More: Matthew 7:21-23 Sermon on the Mount before the summary

33. 1 Corinthians 12:3
Verse route1 Corinthians 12:3 Wherefore I give you to understand, that no man speaking by the Spirit of God calleth Jesus accursed: and that no man can say that Jesus is the Lord, but by the Holy Ghost. [kjv]


34. 1 Corinthians 12:3
 All 
KJV: Wherefore I give you to understand, that no man speaking by the Spirit of God calleth Jesus accursed: and that no man can say that Jesus is the Lord, but by the Holy Ghost.
Greek: διο γνωριζω υμιν οτι ουδεις εν πνευματι θεου λαλων λεγει αναθεμα ιησουν ιησους και ουδεις δυναται ειπειν κυριον ιησουν κυριος ιησους ει μη εν πνευματι αγιω

35. James 3:2 Offenses
Verse routeJames 3:2 For in many things we offend all. If any man offend not in word, the same is a perfect man, and able also to bridle the whole body. [kjv]
Verse routeπολλα γαρ πταιομεν απαντες ει τις εν λογω ου πταιει ουτος τελειος ανηρ δυνατος χαλιναγωγησαι και ολον το σωμα [gnt]

James 3:2
Strong Used Unique Word Part of speech
G4417 5 1 πταιομεν verb present active indicative 1st person plural
G5100 524 231 τις indefinite pronoun nominative singular masculine
G3056 325 44 λογω noun dative singular masculine
G4417 5 1 πταιει verb present active indicative 3rd person singular
G5046 19 3 τελειος adjective nominative singular masculine
G435 216 51 ανηρ noun nominative singular masculine
G5468 2 1 χαλιναγωγησαι verb aorist active infinitive
G4983 141 69 σωμα noun accusative singular neuter

36. Strongs - stumble

37. Usage - stumble
*G4417 *5 πταίω (ptah'-yo) : a form of G4098; to trip, i.e. (figuratively) to err, sin, fail (of salvation):--fall, offend, stumble.
Word usage per chapter Words: επταισαν πταιει πταιομεν πταιση πταισητε


38. James 3:2 Offenses
Verse routeJames 3:2 For in many things we offend all. If any man offend not in word, the same is a perfect man, and able also to bridle the whole body. [kjv]
Verse routeπολλα γαρ πταιομεν απαντες ει τις εν λογω ου πταιει ουτος τελειος ανηρ δυνατος χαλιναγωγησαι και ολον το σωμα [gnt]

The KJV (King James Version) translates as "offend" which, from the Latin, meant "attack"'. The ancient Greek word used here is "πταίω""to stumble" which can be physical or figurative.

Does everyone "stumble" in many ways? A "man" (male, not generic) might not "stumble" in "reasoning" as in the "word"?

The Greek for "perfect" is that of being "complete". What does the physical phenomena of "bridle the body" have to do with the verbal phenomena of "stumble in the reasoning"?

The modern Greek word "πταίω" (PTEH-o) ≈ "to blame". The modern Greek saying "τις πταίει" (tees PTEH-ee) ≈ "who's to blame".

39. James 3:2 Translations
Verse routeJames 3:2 For in many things we offend all. If any man offend not in word, the same is a perfect man, and able also to bridle the whole body. [kjv]
Verse routeπολλα γαρ πταιομεν απαντες ει τις εν λογω ου πταιει ουτος τελειος ανηρ δυνατος χαλιναγωγησαι και ολον το σωμα [gnt]

NIV: We all stumble in many ways. Anyone who is never at fault in what they say is perfect, able to keep their whole body in check.

NLT: For we all stumble in many ways. And if anyone does not stumble in what he says, he is a perfect man, able also to bridle his whole body.

40. James 3:2
   James 3:2 
 All 
KJV: For in many things we offend all. If any man offend not in word, the same is a perfect man, and able also to bridle the whole body.
Greek: πολλα γαρ πταιομεν απαντες ει τις εν λογω ου πταιει ουτος τελειος ανηρ δυνατος χαλιναγωγησαι και ολον το σωμα

41. Ladies and gentlemen
In ancient and modern Greek, and in many languages, there are rules for plurals. Many, such as in ancient and modern Greek, use the following convention.

42. Epistle of Barnabas: Brothers and sisters
The writer of the Epistle of Barnabas uses the plural for sons and the plural for daughters in the first line of the letter.

English: Greetings, sons and daughters, in the name of the Lord who has loved us, in peace. (Holmes, 2007, p. 381)
Greek: Χαίρετε υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες, ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς, ἐν εἰρήνῃ. Epistle of Barnabas [1.1]
Thereafter, only the plural for "brothers" is used. The context, from the first line, however, indicates that this is just to save space writing and all the comments apply to "brothers and sisters".

English: So, brothers and sisters, we ought to give very careful attention to our salvation, lest the evil one should cause some error to slip into our midst and thereby hurl us away from our life (Holmes, 2007, p. 385)
Greek: ἀκριβεύεσθαι οὖν ὀφείλομεν, ἀδελφοί, περὶ τῆς σωτηρίας ἡμῶν, ἵνα μὴ ὁ πονηρὸς παρείσδυσιν πλάνης ποιήσας ἐν ἡμῖν ἐκσφενδονήσῃ ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τῆς ζωῆς ἡμῶν. Epistle of Barnabas [1.1]

43. End of page

by RS  admin@creationpie.org : 1024 x 640