The ninth hour: finished at noon

Matthew 27:45 Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour. [kjv]

απο δε εκτης ωρας σκοτος εγενετο επι πασαν την γην εως ωρας ενατης [gnt]

… sexta … hora tenebrae … horam nonam [v]

What is the "sixth hour"? The Latin phrase "sexta hora" ≈ "sixth hour".

What did the Latin phrase for "sixth hour" become in Spanish?

siesta hour shortened to siesta

What is the "ninth hour"? The Latin word "nonum horam" ≈ "ninth hour". How did this phrase change to what it is today?

The Latin word "tenebrae" ≈ "darkness, shadow of death, prison" and is the name given to religious services before Easter.

More: Tenebrae

Matthew 6:23 But if thine eye be evil, thy whole body shall be full of darkness. If therefore the light that is in thee be darkness, how great is that darkness ! [kjv]

εαν δε ο οφθαλμος σου πονηρος η ολον το σωμα σου σκοτεινον εσται ει ουν το φως το εν σοι σκοτος εστιν το σκοτος ποσον [gnt]

… oculus … nequam … tenebrosum … tenebrae … tenebrae … [v]

The Latin word "tenebrae" ≈ "darkness, shadow of death, prison" and is the name given to religious services before Easter.

Gradual extinguishing of candles
Loud noise, called a "strepitus", near the end of the service, often to mimic the pounding of the nails into the cross. The Latin word "strepo" ≈ "make a loud noise".

Days: Palm Sunday, Holy Monday, Holy Tuesday, Spy Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Holy Saturday, Resurrection (Easter) Sunday

More: Tenebrae

Matthew 27:45

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KJV: Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour.

Greek: απο δε εκτης ωρας σκοτος εγενετο επι πασαν την γην εως ωρας εννατης ενατης

Latin: a sexta autem hora tenebrae factae sunt super universam terram usque ad horam nonam

Matthew 27:46

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KJV: And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?

Greek: περι δε την εννατην ενατην ωραν εβοησεν ανεβοησεν ο ιησους φωνη μεγαλη λεγων ελωι ελωι ηλι ηλι λαμα σαβαχθανι λεμα λεμα σαβαχθανει τουτ εστιν θεε μου θεε μου ινα τι με εγκατελιπες

Mark 15:33 And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour. [kjv]

και γενομενης ωρας εκτης σκοτος εγενετο εφ ολην την γην εως ωρας ενατης [gnt]

Luke 23:44 And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour. [kjv]

Mark 15:33

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KJV: And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.

Greek: και γενομενης δε ωρας εκτης σκοτος εγενετο εφ ολην την γην εως ωρας εννατης ενατης

Luke 23:44

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KJV: And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour.

Greek: και ην δε ηδη ωσει ωρα εκτη και σκοτος εγενετο εφ ολην την γην εως ωρας εννατης ενατης

Latin: erat autem fere hora sexta et tenebrae factae sunt in universa terra usque in nonam horam

Matthew 27:45 Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour. [kjv]

απο δε εκτης ωρας σκοτος εγενετο επι πασαν την γην εως ωρας ενατης [gnt]

… sexta … hora tenebrae … horam nonam [v]

27:46 And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? [kjv]

περι δε την ενατην ωραν εβοησεν ανεβοησεν ο ιησους φωνη μεγαλη λεγων ελωι ελωι ηλι ηλι λεμα λεμα σαβαχθανει τουτ εστιν θεε μου θεε μου ινα τι με εγκατελιπες [gnt]

In the Roman time system, the "ninth" hour is in mid-afternoon in what we would call 3 o'clock.
In the Middle Ages, monks tired of waiting until the Roman ninth hour from sunrise to "noones" or 3:00 P.M. to eat. So the "noones" was moved to midday and that time become known as "noon".

If you ever wonder how many hours there were in a day in Bible times, Jesus provides the answer.

John 11:9 Jesus answered, Are there not twelve hours in the day? If any man walk in the day, he stumbleth not, because he seeth the light of this world. [kjv]

απεκριθη ιησους ουχι δωδεκα ωραιεισιν της ημερας εαν τις περιπατη εν τη ημερα ου προσκοπτει οτι το φως του κοσμου τουτου βλεπει [gnt]

… duodecim horae … [v]

Many younger people today have trouble reading analog clocks. Would you want to use a second hand clock?
In the Rock Hill, SC, library, about 2002, the library replaced their analog clocks with digital clocks because too many people were coming up to them and asking them what time it was. They could not read the analog clocks on the wall.
How many kids know what is mean by "clockwise"? Put a stick in the ground (in the northern hemisphere) and watch the direction of the shadow.

John 11:9

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KJV: Jesus answered, Are there not twelve hours in the day? If any man walk in the day, he stumbleth not, because he seeth the light of this world.

Greek: απεκριθη ο ιησους ουχι δωδεκα εισιν ωραιεισιν της ημερας εαν τις περιπατη εν τη ημερα ου προσκοπτει οτι το φως του κοσμου τουτου βλεπει

Latin: respondit Iesus nonne duodecim horae sunt diei si quis ambulaverit in die non offendit quia lucem huius mundi videt

Gothic: andhof iesus: niu twalif sind hveilos dagis? jabai hvas gaggith in dag, ni gastiggqith, unte liuhath this fairhvaus gasaihvith;

Slavonic: Отвеща Иисус: не два ли надесяте часа еста во дни? Аще кто ходит во дни, не поткнется, яко свет мира сего видит:

Today, the following are observed.

A solar year is about 365.2422 days.
A lunar month is about 29.531 days.

Was this always true in the past?

Days in a year (before): 360
Hours in a day: 24
Minutes in an hour: 60
Minutes in a day: 24 * 60 = 1440
Minutes in 5 degrees: 1440 * (5 / 360) = 20.00
Days change per year = 20.00 * 360 / 1440 = 5.00
Days in a year (after): 365

It is not clear how much is "ten steps" at the time of Hezekiah.

More: Sundials and the long day of Hezekiah

In the Middle Ages, monks would break their nightly fast in the morning, in what is called breakfast, for "breaking the fast".

The monks would fast until the ninth hour, the fast being broken about mid-afternoon for the mid-day meal, called the "nones".

This ninth hour fast breaking called the "nones" become "noon" and eventually moved towards the sixth hour but was still called "nones" or "noon".

The month name of "November" comes from the Latin meaning "ninth month". The Latin calendar started with "March" as the first month.

#	Latin months	English	#
1	Martius	March	3	after Mars, God of War
2	Aprilis	April	4	after Apru or Aphrodite
3	Maius	May	5	after Maia
4	Iunius	June	6	after Juno
5	Quintilis Iulius	July	7	after Julius Caesar 44 BC
6	Sextilis Augustus	August	8	after Augustus Caesar 8 BC
7		September	9	Latin septa, Greek hepta
8		October	10	octagon ‑ eight sided figure
9		November	11	noon ‑ ninth hour, later 12 noon
10		December	12	decimal = based on 10
11	Ianuarius	January	1	Latin Ianus
12	Februarius	February	2	Latin Februa

The months of the year are one aspect of calendars. The original Roman calendar started with March, with no (winter) months after December.

More: Months

John 19:30 When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost. [kjv]

οτε ουν ελαβεν το οξος ο ιησους ειπεν τετελεσται και κλινας την κεφαλην παρεδωκεν το πνευμα [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "τέλειος" ≈ "purposed, complete, perfected" and not the modern English idea of "perfect" as "without error".
At the "end", Jesus says "it is finished". The Greek word had a meaning of "paid in full". In Revelation, Jesus shows up to redeem the deed that was paid on the cross.

John 19:30

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KJV: When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.

Greek: οτε ουν ελαβεν το οξος ο ιησους ειπεν τετελεσται και κλινας την κεφαλην παρεδωκεν το πνευμα

Latin: cum ergo accepisset Iesus acetum dixit consummatum est et inclinato capite tradidit spiritum

Wessex: þa se haelend ge-feng þas aisiles þa cwaeð he. hyt ys ge-endeð. & he a-helte his heafod. & a-gef his gast.

Wycliffe: Therfor whanne Jhesus hadde `takun the vynegre, he seid, It is endid. And `whanne his heed was bowid doun, `he yaf vp the goost.

Tyndale: Assone as Iesus had receaved of the veneger he sayd: It is fynesshed and bowed his heed and gaue vp the goost.

Luther: Da nun Jesus den Essig genommen hatte, sprach er: Es ist vollbracht! Und neigete das Haupt und verschied.

Spanish: Y cuando Jesús tomó el vinagre, dijo: Consumado es. Y habiendo inclinado la cabeza, entregó el espíritu.

Portuguese: Quando tomou o vinagre, Jesus disse: «Tudo está consumado.» E, inclinando a cabeça, entregou o espírito.

Acts 16:27 And the keeper of the prison awaking out of his sleep, and seeing the prison doors open, he drew out his sword, and would have killed himself, supposing that the prisoners had been fled. [kjv]

We see this in Philippians. If the prisoner's escape ,the jailer must pay the dept of those who escaped.

Acts 16:27

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KJV: And the keeper of the prison awaking out of his sleep, and seeing the prison doors open, he drew out his sword, and would have killed himself, supposing that the prisoners had been fled.

Greek: εξυπνος δε γενομενος ο δεσμοφυλαξ και ιδων ανεωγμενας τας θυρας της φυλακης σπασαμενος την μαχαιραν εμελλεν ημελλεν εαυτον αναιρειν νομιζων εκπεφευγεναι τους δεσμιους

Revelation 5:4 And I wept much, because no man was found worthy to open and to read the book, neither to look thereon. [kjv]

5:5 And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Juda, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof. [kjv]

Jesus paid it all. John is present to see the ultimate escrow closing in Revelation.
Question: If Jesus paid it all, do we need to keep paying the religious establishment? Can we just go out and do what Jesus asks us to do?

More: Song: Jesus paid it all

More: Matthew 5:25-26 Adversarial agreement

Revelation 5:4

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KJV: And I wept much, because no man was found worthy to open and to read the book, neither to look thereon.

Greek: και εγω εκλαιον πολλα πολυ οτι ουδεις αξιος ευρεθη ανοιξαι και αναγνωναι το βιβλιον ουτε βλεπειν αυτο

Revelation 5:5

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KJV: And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Juda, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof.

Greek: και εις εκ των πρεσβυτερων λεγει μοι μη κλαιε ιδου ενικησεν ο λεων ο ων εκ της φυλης ιουδα η ριζα δαβιδ δαυιδ ανοιξαι το βιβλιον και λυσαι τας επτα σφραγιδας αυτου