Exodus 12: Passover

The Hebrew calendar was a lunar calendar based on the phases of the moon.
A lunar cycle (today) is about 29.53 days. The Hebrew Passover was at the full moon, or about day 14 or 15 of a 29.5 day cycle. The name goes back to Hebrew slavery in Egypt and the story of the Exodus or, literally, "way out", during the full moon. Early Christians referred to "the way".

Obviously it would be hard to get an exact timing, but, over time, one could get fairly close in order to establish religious festivals, etc.

What is a full moon?

A crazy guy acting like a cow. Or, better yet (obiter): Why is it called a full moon when you can only see half of it?

[Jesus: No one gets there except by me].

The name "Passover" comes from the night before the Hebrews departed from Egypt and the angel of death "passed over" them (if they did what they were supposed to have done).

The Hebrew word "פסח" (pe-sach) ≈ "passover".

Most languages, with the notable exceptions of English and German, use a name that originates in the Hebrew for "Passover".

The English name for "Easter" is based, not on "Passover", but on "east" which is related to the golden egg (sun, fertility, etc.) of "Astarte".

More: Easter: Passover compass directions

Exodus 12:21 Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover. [kjv]

εκαλεσεν δε μωυσης πασαν γερουσιαν υιων ισραηλ και ειπεν προς αυτους απελθοντες λαβετε υμιν εαυτοις προβατον κατα συγγενειας υμων και θυσατε το πασχα [lxx]

Who is the "passover" "lamb" born in the "House of Bread" who "broke the rules" for you and me?

John 1:29 The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. [kjv]

τη επαυριον βλεπει τον ιησουν ερχομενον προς αυτον και λεγει ιδε ο αμνος του θεου ο αιρων την αμαρτιαν του κοσμου [gnt]

More: Bethlehem: house of bread

Exodus 12:21

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KJV: Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover.

Hebrew: ויקרא משה לכל זקני ישראל ויאמר אלהם משכו וקחו לכם צאן למשפחתיכם ושחטו הפסח׃

Greek: εκαλεσεν δε μωυσης πασαν γερουσιαν υιων ισραηλ και ειπεν προς αυτους απελθοντες λαβετε υμιν εαυτοις προβατον κατα συγγενειας υμων και θυσατε το πασχα

Latin: vocavit autem Moses omnes seniores filiorum Israhel et dixit ad eos ite tollentes animal per familias vestras immolate phase

Luther: Und Mose forderte alle Ältesten in Israel und sprach zu ihnen: Leset aus und nehmet Schafe jedermann für sein Gesinde und schlachtet das Passah.

Slavonic: Созва же Моисей вся старцы сынов Израилевых и рече им: шедше поимите себе овча по сродством вашым и пожрите пасху:

Spanish: Y Moisés convocó a todos los ancianos de Israel, y les dijo: Sacad, y tomaos corderos por vuestras familias, y sacrificad la pascua.

John 1:29

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KJV: The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.

Greek: τη επαυριον βλεπει ο ιωαννης τον ιησουν ερχομενον προς αυτον και λεγει ιδε ο αμνος του θεου ο αιρων την αμαρτιαν του κοσμου

Exodus 12:22 And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning. [kjv]

λημψεσθε δε δεσμην υσσωπου και βαψαντες απο του αιματος του παρα την θυραν καθιξετε της φλιας και επ αμφοτερων των σταθμων απο του αιματος ο εστιν παρα την θυραν υμεις δε ουκ εξελευσεσθε εκαστος την θυραν του οικου αυτου εως πρωι [lxx]

… tinguite sanguine … [v]

The Latin word "tingo" ≈ "wet, moisten, dip, dye" and is the source of the English word "tincture", "tinge" and "intinction" as a means of communion by "dipping" the bread in the wine.

The Hebrew instructions for "splashing the blood" for "Passover" have the effect of creating an optical illusion of the "cross". The Greek for "dip" in the LXX (Septuagint) is the same word as for "baptize".

The blood is to be splashed, as in "strike", on the "lintel" and the two "side posts". [Moses and the rock]

More: Kanizsa triangle: seeing what is not there

Exodus 12:22

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KJV: And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning.

Hebrew: ולקחתם אגדת אזוב וטבלתם בדם אשר בסף והגעתם אל המשקוף ואל שתי המזוזת מן הדם אשר בסף ואתם לא תצאו איש מפתח ביתו עד בקר׃

Greek: λημψεσθε δε δεσμην υσσωπου και βαψαντες απο του αιματος του παρα την θυραν καθιξετε της φλιας και επ αμφοτερων των σταθμων απο του αιματος ο εστιν παρα την θυραν υμεις δε ουκ εξελευσεσθε εκαστος την θυραν του οικου αυτου εως πρωι

Latin: fasciculumque hysopi tinguite sanguine qui est in limine et aspergite ex eo superliminare et utrumque postem nullus vestrum egrediatur ostium domus suae usque mane

Exodus 12:23 For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you. [kjv]

και παρελευσεται κυριος παταξαι τους αιγυπτιους και οψεται το αιμα επι της φλιας και επ αμφοτερων των σταθμων και παρελευσεται κυριος την θυραν και ουκ αφησει τον ολεθρευοντα εισελθειν εις τας οικιας υμων παταξαι [lxx]

The separation is not by:

The separation is by those whose door is washed in the blood., whether Hebrew or Egyptian (non-Hebrews).

Moses, as a type of Jesus, leads the Hebrews on the "way out" to the land of "milk and honey".

Exodus 12:23

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KJV: For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you.

Hebrew: ועבר יהוה לנגף את מצרים וראה את הדם על המשקוף ועל שתי המזוזת ופסח יהוה על הפתח ולא יתן המשחית לבא אל בתיכם לנגף׃

Greek: και παρελευσεται κυριος παταξαι τους αιγυπτιους και οψεται το αιμα επι της φλιας και επ αμφοτερων των σταθμων και παρελευσεται κυριος την θυραν και ουκ αφησει τον ολεθρευοντα εισελθειν εις τας οικιας υμων παταξαι

Latin: transibit enim Dominus percutiens Aegyptios cumque viderit sanguinem in superliminari et in utroque poste transcendet ostium et non sinet percussorem ingredi domos vestras et laedere

Luther: Denn der, Herr wird umhergehen und die Ägypter plagen. Und wenn er das Blut sehen wird an der Überschwelle und an den zween Pfosten, wird er vor der Tür übergehen und den Verderber nicht in eure Häuser kommen lassen zu plagen.

Slavonic: и мимо пройдет Господь избити Египтяны, и узрит кровь на празе и на обою подвою, и минет Господь двери, и не попустит погубляющему внити в домы вашя убивати:

Exodus 12:24 And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever. [kjv]

και φυλαξεσθε το ρημα τουτο νομιμον σεαυτω και τοις υιοις σου εως αιωνος [lxx]

The "passover" is to be remembered as a "tradition".

The LXX uses the word the ancient Greek word "νομος" ≈ "law" is a tradition and, according to Aristotle, an opinion.

Does this "tradition" carry the same weight as the original "Sabbath" at the end of the creation week?

More: Romans: Under the law as in sewer pipes

Exodus 12:24

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KJV: And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever.

Hebrew: ושמרתם את הדבר הזה לחק לך ולבניך עד עולם׃

Greek: και φυλαξεσθε το ρημα τουτο νομιμον σεαυτω και τοις υιοις σου εως αιωνος

Latin: custodi verbum istud legitimum tibi et filiis tuis usque in aeternum

Wycliffe: Kepe thou this word; it schal be a lawful thing to thee and to thi sones til in to with outen ende.

Luther: Darum so halte diese Weise für dich und deine Kinder ewiglich.

Slavonic: и сохраните слово сие законно себе и сыном вашым до века:

Russian: Храните сие, как закон для себя и для сынов своих на веки.

John 13:26 Jesus answered, He it is, to whom I shall give a sop, when I have dipped it. And when he had dipped the sop, he gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon. [kjv]

αποκρινεται ουν ο ιησους εκεινος εστιν ω εγω βαψω το ψωμιον και δωσω αυτω βαψας ουν το ψωμιον λαμβανει και διδωσιν ιουδα σιμωνος ισκαριωτου [gnt]

… intinxisset … [v]

… eintauche … [lu]

Jesus talks to Judas at the Last Supper. The Latin "intinxisset" is the origin of the word for the sacrament of "intinction".

The Latin word "distinguo" ≈ "distinguish" as in to separate.
The Latin word "tinctura" ≈ "act of dying or tingeing".
The Latin word "tinctus" ≈ "dye" from which we get the English word "tincture" which is related to the word "tinge".
The German word "tunken" ≈ "dip, dunk" from which we get the English word "dunk".
The Latin word "extincti" ≈ "extinct" as in quenched.
The Latin word "extinctus" ≈ "extinguish" as in to go out or die out.

So one must be careful to "distinguish" between "extinction" and "intinction".

John 13:26

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KJV: Jesus answered, He it is, to whom I shall give a sop, when I have dipped it. And when he had dipped the sop, he gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon.

Greek: αποκρινεται ουν ο ιησους εκεινος εστιν ω εγω βαψας βαψω το ψωμιον επιδωσω και εμβαψας δωσω αυτω βαψας ουν το ψωμιον λαμβανει και διδωσιν ιουδα σιμωνος ισκαριωτη ισκαριωτου

Latin: respondit Iesus ille est cui ego intinctum panem porrexero et cum intinxisset panem dedit Iudae Simonis Scariotis

Luther: Jesus antwortete: Der ist's, dem ich den Bissen eintauche und gebe. Und er tauchte den Bissen ein und gab ihn Judas, Simons Sohn, dem Ischariot.

The modern Greek word for "Easter" is "Πάσχα" (PA-skha) ≈ "Passover, Easter" which means "the Passover", the Christian religious holiday when Jesus was crucified.

Modern Greek has modifiers for the Jewish passover.

"εβραϊκό Πάσχα" (eh-vra-ee-KO PA-skha) ≈ "passover" literally means the "Hebrew Passover".
"Πάσχα των ιουδαίων" (PA-skha ton ee-u-THEH-on) ≈ "passover" literally means the "Passover of the Jews"
The modern Greek word is "Πάσχα" (PA-skha) ≈ "Passover, Easter", as in the "Passover".
The Latin word "pascha" ≈ "Easter, passover"
The Russian word is "Пасха" ≈ "Easter", as in the "Passover".

We often see or perceive things that are not actually there. Do you see the triangle?

There is no triangle! Your brain makes the triangle that you see. The eye just passed along the image information to the brain which organizes ind recognizes it.
Abstraction involves looking at similarities and differences and filling in missing details - sometimes appropriately, sometimes inappropriately. This abstraction can be used to deceive by providing some details but leaving other details to be filled in by unsuspecting listeners or viewers.

More: Kanizsa triangle: seeing what is not there

Matthew 12:29 Or else how can one enter into a strong man's house, and spoil his goods, except he first bind the strong man? and then he will spoil his house. [kjv]

η πως δυναται τις εισελθειν εις την οικιαν του ισχυρου και τα σκευη αυτου σαι αρπασαι εαν μη πρωτον δηση τον ισχυρον και τοτε την οικιαν αυτου διαρπασει [gnt]

The GNT (Greek New Testament) word for "spoil" is the ancient Greek word "ἁρπάζω" ≈ "snatch away, carry off" and may be related to the ancient Greek word "ἅρπη" ≈ "bird of prey" as a hawk or falcon and which may be related to the PIE (Proto Indo-European) root for "reap", "harvest", "sickle". This word for "snatch" is sometimes translated "rapture" or "ravenous" as in "wolves".
The ancient Greek word "σκευή" ≈ "vessel" as something that is made but can refer to "people" as in a "chosen vessel".

[Last Supper, 1 & 2 Thessalonians]

More: Matthew 12:26-29 Snatching the raptured goods from the strong man