- *G4664 *1 σμαράγδινος (smar-ag'-dee-nos) : from G4665 σμάραγδος; consisting of emerald:--emerald.
- σμαραγδινω
- Revelation 4:3 ... the throne, in sight like unto an emerald.
- *G4665 *1 σμάραγδος (smar'-ag-dos) : of uncertain derivation; the emerald or green gem so called:--emerald.
- σμαραγδος
- Revelation 21:19 ... the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald;
46. Revelation 4:3
KJV: And he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like unto an emerald.
Greek: και ο καθημενος ην ομοιος ορασει λιθω ιασπιδι και σαρδινω σαρδιω και ιρις κυκλοθεν του θρονου ομοιος ορασει σμαραγδινω
Latin: et qui sedebat similis erat aspectui lapidis iaspidis et sardini et iris erat in circuitu sedis similis visioni zmaragdinae
47. Revelation 10:1
KJV: And I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud: and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire:
Greek: και ειδον αλλον αγγελον ισχυρον καταβαινοντα εκ του ουρανου περιβεβλημενον νεφελην και η ιρις επι της κεφαλης την κεφαλην αυτου και το προσωπον αυτου ως ο ηλιος και οι ποδες αυτου ως στυλοι πυρος
Latin: et vidi alium angelum fortem descendentem de caelo amictum nube et iris in capite eius et facies eius erat ut sol et pedes eius tamquam columna ignis
48. Revelation 21:19
Revelation 21:19 And the foundations of the wall of the city were garnished with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald; [kjv]
οι θεμελιοι του τειχους της πολεως παντι λιθω τιμιω κεκοσμημενοι ο θεμελιος ο πρωτος ιασπις ο δευτερος σαπφειρος ο τριτος χαλκηδων ο τεταρτος σμαραγδος [gnt]
… zmaragdus [v]
This
"emerald" here appears to refer to an actual stone rather than just the color.
*G4664 *1 σμαράγδινος (smar-ag'-dee-nos) : from G4665; consisting of emerald:--emerald.
*G4665 *1 σμάραγδος (smar'-ag-dos) : of uncertain derivation; the emerald or green gem so called:--emerald.
49. Revelation 21:19
KJV: And the foundations of the wall of the city were garnished with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald;
Greek: και οι θεμελιοι του τειχους της πολεως παντι λιθω τιμιω κεκοσμημενοι ο θεμελιος ο πρωτος ιασπις ο δευτερος σαπφειρος ο τριτος χαλκηδων ο τεταρτος σμαραγδος
Latin: fundamenta muri civitatis omni lapide pretioso ornata fundamentum primum iaspis secundus sapphyrus tertius carcedonius quartus zmaragdus
50. Wizard of Oz: Emerald City
Emerald City is the destination of Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz.
There they will find the Wizard and a horse of a different color.
Emeralds have a range of color from yellow-green to green.
Reading into what Aristotle said about the rainbow, what we call yellow may have appeared, to some, as green.
51. Ruth 3:2 Threshing floors and halos
The use of the word rainbow in Revelation appears to mean halo and could be the source of the Christian use of the existing word halo from the threshing floor origin.
Ruth 3:2 And now is not Boaz of our kindred, with whose maidens thou wast? Behold, he winnoweth barley to night in the threshingfloor. [kjv]
και νυν ουχι βοος γνωριμος ημων ου ης μετα των κορασιων αυτου ιδου αυτος λικμα τον αλωνα των κριθων ταυτη τη νυκτι [lxx]
The ancient Greek word
"ἅλως" ≈ "threshing floor" and is the source of the English word
"halo" since there tended to be a disk appearing as the sun or moon on the threshing floor.
The
"threshing floor" would have been at a place on a hill that had sufficient wind to blow the chaff away. Boaz would have been there to work into the night and the sleep there to keep the grain safe from being stolen and then continue threshing in the morning.
52. Aristotle and rainbows and halos
Aristotle considers the phenomena of
"halos" and
"rainbows" to be related.
English: We must now deal with haloes, rainbows, mock suns and rods, explaining what they are and what are their causes, for the same causes account for all of them. (Loeb#397, p. 241)
Greek: περὶ δὲ ἅλω καὶ ἴριδος, τί τε ἑκάτερον καὶ διὰ τίν' αἰτίαν γίγνεται, λέγωμεν, καὶ περὶ παρηλίων καὶ ῥάβδων· Aristotle: Meteorologica [371b]
53. 2 Chronicles 2:8 Arcs and archers
2 Chronicles 2:8 Send me also cedar trees, fir trees, and algum trees, out of Lebanon: for I know that thy servants can skill to cut timber in Lebanon; and, behold, my servants shall be with thy servants, [kjv]
και αποστειλον μοι ξυλα κεδρινα και αρκευθινα και πευκινα εκ του λιβανου οτι εγω οιδα ως οι δουλοι σου οιδασιν κοπτειν ξυλα εκ του λιβανου και ιδου οι παιδες σου μετα των παιδων μου [lxx]
The Latin word
"arcum" ≈ "bow" as in a rainbow (curved path), hunting bow, etc. From the Latin "
arcum" comes the English word "
archery", the "
arc" of a circle, etc. From the
PIE (Proto Indo-European) root comes "
arrow" as in "
belonging to a bow"
The corresponding Greek root «
αρκευηιν» refers to various types of trees, perhaps trees that could be bent and used to make "
bows".
54. 2 Chronicles 2:8
KJV: Send me also cedar trees, fir trees, and algum trees, out of Lebanon: for I know that thy servants can skill to cut timber in Lebanon; and, behold, my servants shall be with thy servants,
Hebrew: ושלח לי עצי ארזים ברושים ואלגומים מהלבנון כי אני ידעתי אשר עבדיך יודעים לכרות עצי לבנון והנה עבדי עם עבדיך׃
Greek: και αποστειλον μοι ξυλα κεδρινα και αρκευθινα και πευκινα εκ του λιβανου οτι εγω οιδα ως οι δουλοι σου οιδασιν κοπτειν ξυλα εκ του λιβανου και ιδου οι παιδες σου μετα των παιδων μου
55. Lamentations 3:12 Arrows
Lamentations 3:12 He hath bent his bow, and set me as a mark for the arrow. [kjv]
ενετεινεν τοξον αυτου και εστηλωσεν με ως σκοπον εις βελος [lxx]
… arcum … signum … sagittam [v]
Bows are used to shoot arrows.
Sayings:
Get the point! Get the shaft!
An arrow has been used since ancient time for hunting, war, etc. An arrow consists of a point or arrowhead, a shaft, and feathers to help it fly straight.
The
PIE root
"*GELH" ≈ "throw, pierce"and has derivatives as follows.
The ancient Greek word
"βέλος" ≈ "arrow" appears to have been influenced by the ancient Greek word
"βάλλω" ≈ "throw" which is the source of the English word
"ballistic". The Latin word
"volo" ≈ "fly" appears to be related. The modern Greek word
"βέλος" (VEH-los) ≈ "arrow".
56. Thermopylae
At the famous battle of Thermopylae between the Greeks and the Persians in 480 BC, 300 Spartans, made famous in modern times by the movie "
The 300 Spartans", held off the Persian army for many days - sometimes (as reported) in a rain of arrows so dense it blocked the sun.
Finally, on the order of Xerxes, and in a cloud of
arrows, as
darts, they were taken out.
Tearing down part of the wall, Xerxes ordered the hill surrounded, and the Persians rained down arrows until every last Greek was dead. Wikipedia (as of 2023-10-16)
But in losing the battle tactically, the strategic effect was that the war was then won. The Greek city of Ephesus, a short distance across the Aegean Sea, would have known of that battle against the Persians. Paul appears to make an allusion to that (defensive) battle in Ephesians 6.
57. Darts and arrows
Ephesians 6:16 Above all, taking the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked. [kjv]
εν πασιν αναλαβοντες τον θυρεον της πιστεως εν ω δυνησεσθε παντα τα βελη του πονηρου τα πεπυρωμενα σβεσαι [gnt]
… scheld … dartis … [wy]
The Greek word translated
"darts" is from the Greek word for
"arrows".
Due to air resistance and turbulence, etc., a
"dart" as one usually thinks of it, would not fly very well for any distance other than very short range.
58. Lamentations 3:12 Scope
59. Lamentations 3:12
KJV: He hath bent his bow, and set me as a mark for the arrow.
Hebrew: דרך קשתו ויציבני כמטרא לחץ׃
Greek: ενετεινεν τοξον αυτου και εστηλωσεν με ως σκοπον εις βελος
Latin: DELETH tetendit arcum suum et posuit me quasi signum ad sagittam
60. Genesis 27:3 Quivers
Genesis 27:3 Now therefore take, I pray thee, thy weapons, thy quiver and thy bow, and go out to the field, and take me some venison; [kjv]
νυν ουν λαβε το σκευος σου την τε φαρετραν και το τοξον και εξελθε εις το πεδιον και θηρευσον μοι θηραν [lxx]
The English word
"quail" as in "
waste away". The late Latin word
"quaccola" ≈ "quail" is the source of the English word "
quail" for the bird.
61. Genesis 27:3
KJV: Now therefore take, I pray thee, thy weapons, thy quiver and thy bow, and go out to the field, and take me some venison;
Hebrew: ועתה שא נא כליך תליך וקשתך וצא השדה וצודה לי צידה׃
Greek: νυν ουν λαβε το σκευος σου την τε φαρετραν και το τοξον και εξελθε εις το πεδιον και θηρευσον μοι θηραν
62. 1 Samuel 20:37
1 Samuel 20:37 And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said, Is not the arrow beyond thee? [kjv]
και ηλθεν το παιδαριον εως του τοπου της σχιζης ου ηκοντιζεν ιωναθαν και ανεβοησεν ιωναθαν οπισω του νεανιου και ειπεν εκει η σχιζα απο σου και επεκεινα [lxx]
And the boy came to the place where the arrow was which Jonathan shot; and Jonathan cried out after the lad, and said, The arrow is on that side of you and beyond you. [bs3]
The
LXX does not use the word for "
arrow" but the ancient Greek word
"σχίζα" ≈ "splinter, shaft, dart" which comes from the ancient Greek word
"σχίζω" ≈ "split, cleave, divide" and is related to the ancient Greek word
" σχίσμα" ≈ "division" which is the source of the English word
"schism".
63. 1 Samuel 20:37
KJV: And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said, Is not the arrow beyond thee?
Hebrew: ויבא הנער עד מקום החצי אשר ירה יהונתן ויקרא יהונתן אחרי הנער ויאמר הלוא החצי ממך והלאה׃
Greek: και ηλθεν το παιδαριον εως του τοπου της σχιζης ου ηκοντιζεν ιωναθαν και ανεβοησεν ιωναθαν οπισω του νεανιου και ειπεν εκει η σχιζα απο σου και επεκεινα
Brenton: And the boy came to the place where the arrow was which Jonathan shot; and Jonathan cried out after the lad, and said, The arrow is on that side of you and beyond you.
64. Psalms 64:7
Psalms 64:7 But God shall shoot at them with an arrow; suddenly shall they be wounded. [kjv]
και υψωθησεται ο θεος βελος νηπιων εγενηθησαν αι πληγαι αυτων [lxx]
65. Psalms 64:7
KJV: But God shall shoot at them with an arrow; suddenly shall they be wounded.
Hebrew: וירם אלהים חץ פתאום היו מכותם׃
Greek: και υψωθησεται ο θεος βελος νηπιων εγενηθησαν αι πληγαι αυτων
66. Waldo and needles and haystacks
There is a saying that something is so difficult to find it is like "
finding a needle in a haystack". The computer science take in this is that it is like "
finding a needle in a haystack of needles".
Finding the real Waldo in a page of fake Waldo's is very difficult, as in the book "
Where's Waldo? The Land of Waldos".
How might someone find "
Christ" in a world with many saying "
I am Christ"? Would someone actually say that?
67. Matthew and Luke Eye of the needle
Matthew 19:24 And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. [kjv]
παλιν δε λεγω υμιν ευκοπωτερον εστιν καμηλον δια τρηματος ραφιδος εισελθειν η πλουσιον εις την βασιλειαν του θεου [gnt]
Luke 18:25 For it is easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. [kjv]
ευκοπωτερον γαρ εστιν καμηλον δια τρηματος βελονης εισελθειν η πλουσιον εις την βασιλειαν του θεου εισελθειν [gnt]
Another Greek word for "
eye of the needle" is in Matthew and Luke.
The ancient Greek word
"βελόνη" ≈ "needle".
This word appears once in the
GNT where it means the "
eye of the needle".
68. Luke 18:25
KJV: For it is easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.
Greek: ευκοπωτερον γαρ εστιν καμηλον δια τρυμαλιας ραφιδος τρηματος βελονης εισελθειν η πλουσιον εις την βασιλειαν του θεου εισελθειν
Wessex: eðelicor maeg se olfend gan þurh anre nedle eage. þanne se welige on godes riche.
Wycliffe: for it is liyter a camel to passe thorou a nedlis iye, than a riche man to entre in to the kyngdom of God.
Tyndale: it is easyer for a camell to goo thorow a nedles eye then for a ryche man to enter into the kyngdome of God.
Luther: Es ist leichter, daß ein Kamel gehe durch ein Nadelöhr, denn daß ein Reicher in das Reich Gottes komme.
69. Matthew 19:24
KJV: And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.
Greek: παλιν δε λεγω υμιν ευκοπωτερον εστιν καμηλον δια τρυπηματος τρηματος ραφιδος διελθειν εισελθειν η πλουσιον εις την βασιλειαν του θεου εισελθειν
Wessex: & aeft ich eow segge þaet aeþelicor beoð þam olfende to ganne þurh naedle eage. þanne se welega on heofene riche gä.
Wycliffe: And eftsoone Y seie to you, it is liyter a camel to passe thorou a needlis iye, thanne a riche man to entre in to the kyngdom of heuens.
Tyndale: And moreover I saye vnto you: it is easier for a camell to go through the eye of a nedle then for a ryche man to enter into the kyngdome of God.
Luther: Und weiter sage ich euch: Es ist leichter, daß ein Kamel durch ein Nadelöhr gehe, denn daß ein Reicher ins Reich Gottes komme.
70. Camels and needles
Luke 18:25 For it is easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. [kjv]
ευκοπωτερον γαρ εστιν καμηλον δια τρηματος βελονης εισελθειν η πλουσιον εις την βασιλειαν του θεου εισελθειν [gnt]
Matthew 19:24 And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. [kjv]
παλιν δε λεγω υμιν ευκοπωτερον εστιν καμηλον δια τρηματος ραφιδος η πλουσιον εις την βασιλειαν του θεου [gnt]
The Latin changes the Greek question "
which is a better toil" to a
statement! Matthew uses
"kingdom" of
"God" rather than
"kingdom" of
"heaven/air". Is there a difference? If so, is it important?
Paraphrase:
Which is a better toil or work, to get a camel through the eye of a needle or a rich man into the kingdom of God?
Discuss: Compare and contrast the
KJV statements about a rich man in Luke 18:25 with Jesus and Zacchaeus, a rich man, in Luke 19 (start of the next chapter). Does Zacchaeus keep all or some or none of his wealth?
- Rainbows and the toxic arrow of time (this page)
71. Numbers 24:8
Numbers 24:8 God brought him forth out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn: he shall eat up the nations his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce them through with his arrows. [kjv]
… ראם … [he]
θεος ωδηγησεν αυτον εξ αιγυπτου ως δοξα μονοκερωτος αυτω εδεται εθνη εχθρων αυτου και τα παχη αυτων εκμυελιει και ταις βολισιν αυτου κατατοξευσει εχθρον [lxx]
In this verse, God not only has the "
strength" of a
"unicorn" but has
"arrows".
72. Numbers 24:8
KJV: God brought him forth out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn: he shall eat up the nations his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce them through with his arrows.
Hebrew: אל מוציאו ממצרים כתועפת ראם לו יאכל גוים צריו ועצמתיהם יגרם וחציו ימחץ׃
Greek: θεος ωδηγησεν αυτον εξ αιγυπτου ως δοξα μονοκερωτος αυτω εδεται εθνη εχθρων αυτου και τα παχη αυτων εκμυελιει και ταις βολισιν αυτου κατατοξευσει εχθρον
Latin: Deus eduxit illum de Aegypto cuius fortitudo similis est rinocerotis devorabunt gentes hostes illius ossaque eorum confringent et perforabunt sagittis
Wycliffe: God ledde hym out of Egipt, whos strengthe is lijk an vnicorn; thei schulen deuoure hethene men, enemyes`of hym, that is, of Israel; and thei schulen breke the boonus of hem, and schulen perse with arowis.
Luther: Gott hat ihn aus Ägypten geführet; seine Freudigkeit ist wie eines Einhorns. Er wird die Heiden, seine Verfolger, fressen und ihre Gebeine zermalmen und mit seinen Pfeilen zerschmettern.
Spanish: Dios lo sacó de Egipto; tiene fuerzas como de unicornio; comerá a las naciones sus enemigas, y desmenuzará sus huesos, y asaeteará con sus saetas.
Portuguese: Deus fê-lo sair do Egipto, sendo para ele como a força de um búfalo. Devora os povos seus inimigos, esmaga-lhes os ossos e quebra as suas flechas.
73. Jeremiah 50: Smart weapons
Jeremiah 50:9 For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of a mighty expert man; none shall return in vain. [kjv]
οτι ιδου εγω εγειρω επι βαβυλωνα συναγωγας εθνων εκ γης βορρα και παραταξονται αυτη εκειθεν αλωσεται ως βολις μαχητου συνετου ουκ επιστρεψει κενη [lxx]
In general, arrows as weapons are not very accurate, especially at long distances. Cruise missiles and other "
smart" weapons have the ability to hit their target with great precision on the very first (and only) shot.
The Greek word for
"arrows" as used in Jeremiah 50:9 appears to refer to what today is called a "
smart weapon" - one that hits the target and never misses.
74. Cruise missiles
Cruise missiles can fly thousands of miles and hit their targets within inches.
Newer
GPS (Global Positioning System) technology might be used, but is susceptible to GPS satellite interference.
Mapping technologies using visual recognition (e.g., neural networks) can be used but defenders can move things (e.g., small buildings, telephone poles, etc.) to confuse the visual recognition.
75. Jeremiah 50:9
KJV: For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of a mighty expert man; none shall return in vain.
Hebrew: כי הנה אנכי מעיר ומעלה על בבל קהל גוים גדלים מארץ צפון וערכו לה משם תלכד חציו כגבור משכיל לא ישוב ריקם׃
Greek: οτι ιδου εγω εγειρω επι βαβυλωνα συναγωγας εθνων εκ γης βορρα και παραταξονται αυτη εκειθεν αλωσεται ως βολις μαχητου συνετου ουκ επιστρεψει κενη
76. Babylon
Jeremiah 50:9 For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of a mighty expert man; none shall return in vain. [kjv]
οτι ιδου εγω εγειρω επι βαβυλωνα συναγωγας εθνων εκ γης βορρα και παραταξονται αυτη εκειθεν αλωσεται ως βολις μαχητου συνετου ουκ επιστρεψει κενη [lxx]
What is meant by "
Babylon"? Is it the original city? Is it symbolic of other cities over time?
77. Return
*H2671 חֵץ (khayts) : from H2686; properly, a piercer, i.e. an arrow; by implication, a wound; figuratively, (of God) thunder-bolt; (by interchange for H6086) the shaft of a spear:--+ archer, arrow, dart, shaft, staff, wound.
*H7919 שָׂכַל (saw-kal') : a primitive root; to be (causatively, make or act) circumspect and hence, intelligent:--consider, expert, instruct, prosper, (deal) prudent(-ly), (give) skill(-ful), have good success, teach, (have, make to) understand(-ing), wisdom, (be, behave self, consider, make) wise(- ly), guide wittingly.
How might an "
arrow" be such that it could "
return"? These arrows do not "
return in vain" or "
return empty".
The Hebrew and Greek word in the
LXX indicates "
expert" or something with "
intelligence" in the arrow (or person shooting the arrow). The Greek word is used by Matthew and spoken by Jesus.
78. A prudent approach to a wise understanding
Matthew 11:25 At that time Jesus answered and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes. [kjv]
εν εκεινω τω καιρω αποκριθεις ο ιησους ειπεν εξομολογουμαι σοι πατερ κυριε του ουρανου και της γης οτι εκρυψας ταυτα απο σοφων και συνετων και απεκαλυψας αυτα νηπιοις [gnt]
… sapientibus … prudentibus … revelasti … parvulis [v]
The word translated as "
prudent" is not the usual Greek word for "
prudent". That idea appears to come through the Latin Vulgate which uses the Latin word
"prudentibus" ≈ "prudent" and is the source of the English word "
prudent".
The way Jesus says this, it is clear that being "
wise" and the second Greek word, which appears
not to mean "
prudent", is not a compliment. Jesus repeats the same idea in Matthew 15:16 when talking to the disciples.
15:16 And Jesus said, Are ye also yet without understanding? [kjv]
ο δε ειπεν ακμην και υμεις ασυνετοι εστε [gnt]
… adhuc … sine intellectu … [v]
79. A prudent approach to a wise understanding
It appears that the word "
wise" means that one knows a lot of "
facts" but not necessarily "
rules" and how to apply them with any
consistency.
It appears that the above word as "
understanding" means that one knows a lot of "
rules" but not necessarily "
facts" to go with them.
It appears that the word "
prudent" means knowing how to use some "
facts" and some "
rules" and account for what is not known to balance multiple and sometimes conflicting objectives.
 |
Details are left as a future topic.
|
80. J. R. Tolkien and Legolas
In Tolkien's trilogy Lord of the Rings, Legolas is an archer whose arrow never misses.
In real life, arrows miss. Unless they have some intelligence built into the arrow (or missile).
Tolkien, a devout Catholic, worked many Bible themes and ideas into his writings, just as his colleague and friend C. S. Lewis did with his writing's.
81. Rainbow tables
Question: How do you guess a password from a hash?
Answer: Given the hash, guess passwords.
- Compute the hash for each guessed password.
- See if it matches.
- When it does, you have guessed the password.
This takes time as hashes take a lot of computer time. If we use very large hard drives, we can do the computation once, and use the tables to do reverse lookups. Some (hacker) sites have done this.
A rainbow table is a lookup table offering a time-memory tradeoff used in recovering the plaintext password from a password hash generated by a hash function, often a cryptographic hash function. A common application is to make attacks against hashed passwords feasible. Salt is often employed with hashed passwords to avoid this attack. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_table (as of 1980)
You can get a lot of space. So you can store a lot of tables. Database techniques allow the quick searching and lookup of information. The drives store the hashed values.
Note: This works in practice only when users use easily-guessed passwords and "
salt" is not used in the database.
82. The state of holding together keystone corrections
The idea of a keystone comes from the stone used to hold on arch together and keep it from collapsing.
The state of Pennsylvania is called the "
Keystone" state because it was an important part of the colonies that connected the northeast to the southeast. The keystone in a part of many signs and symbols used in Pennsylvania.
Most presentation projectors have a "
keystone correction" feature to adjust for distortion.
83. Catenary curve
Mathematically, the catenary curve is the graph of the hyperbolic cosine function. Wikipedia.
Another name for a "
catenary" is an "
alysoid" from the Greek word for chain.
From the Latin word, the mathematical equation called a "
catenary" is name as the shape a chain (or rope) takes when suspended between two points. Power lines take this shape, as do parts of spider webs. A catenary curve appears somewhat like a parabola, but is not exactly a parabola shape.
President
Thomas Jefferson is credited with naming the "
catenary" curve.
84. End of page
Genesis 9:13 I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a token of a covenant between me and the earth. [kjv]
το τοξον μου τιθημι εν τη νεφελη και εσται εις σημειον διαθηκης ανα μεσον εμου και της γης [lxx]
arcum … [v]
Genesis 9:13 I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a token of a covenant between me and the earth. [kjv]
το τοξον μου τιθημι εν τη νεφελη και εσται εις σημειον διαθηκης ανα μεσον εμου και της γης [lxx]
arcum … [v]
Genesis 9:13 I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a token of a covenant between me and the earth. [kjv]
το τοξον μου τιθημι εν τη νεφελη και εσται εις σημειον διαθηκης ανα μεσον εμου και της γης [lxx]
arcum … [v]
Genesis 9:13 I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a token of a covenant between me and the earth. [kjv]
το τοξον μου τιθημι εν τη νεφελη και εσται εις σημειον διαθηκης ανα μεσον εμου και της γης [lxx]
arcum … [v]
9:14 And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow shall be seen in the cloud: [kjv]
και εσται εν τω συννεφειν με νεφελας επι την γην οφθησεται το τοξον μου εν τη νεφελη [lxx]
… nubibus … arcus … nubibus [v]
9:16 And the bow shall be in the cloud; and I will look upon it, that I may remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is upon the earth. [kjv]
και εσται το τοξον μου εν τη νεφελη και οψομαι του μνησθηναι διαθηκην αιωνιον ανα μεσον εμου και ανα μεσον πασης ψυχης ζωσης εν παση σαρκι η εστιν επι της γης [lxx]
… arcus … nubibus … [v]
Genesis 2:5 And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground. [kjv]
και παν χλωρον αγρου προ του γενεσθαι επι της γης και παντα χορτον αγρου προ του ανατειλαι ου γαρ εβρεξεν ο θεος επι την γην και ανθρωπος ουκ ην εργαζεσθαι την γην [lxx]
2:6 But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground. [kjv]
πηγη δε ανεβαινεν εκ της γης και εποτιζεν παν το προσωπον της γης [lxx]
Aristotle saw 3 colors: red, green and blue or sea-purple. He did notice a fringe of yellow on one side.
Esther 1:6 Where were white, green, and blue, hangings, fastened with cords of fine linen and purple to silver rings and pillars of marble: the beds were of gold and silver, upon a pavement of red, and blue, and white, and black, marble. [kjv]
… בוץ … [he]
κεκοσμημενη βυσσινοις και καρπασινοις τεταμενοις επι σχοινιοις βυσσινοις και πορφυροις επι κυβοις χρυσοις και αργυροις επι στυλοις παρινοις και λιθινοις κλιναι χρυσαι και αργυραι επι λιθοστρωτου σμαραγδιτου λιθου και πιννινου και παρινου λιθου και στρωμναι διαφανεις ποικιλως διηνθισμεναι κυκλω ροδα πεπασμενα [lxx]
which was adorned with hangings of fine linen and flax on cords of fine linen and purple, fastened to golden and silver studs, on pillars of Parian marble and stone: there were golden and silver couches on a pavement of emerald stone, and of pearl, and of Parian stone, and open-worked coverings variously flowered, having roses worked round about; [bs3]
Esther 1:6 Where were white, green, and blue, hangings, fastened with cords of fine linen and purple to silver rings and pillars of marble: the beds were of gold and silver, upon a pavement of red, and blue, and white, and black, marble. [kjv]
… בוץ … [he]
Acts 16:14 And a certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira, which worshipped God, heard us: whose heart the Lord opened, that she attended unto the things which were spoken of Paul. [kjv]
και τις γυνη ονοματι λυδια πορφυροπωλις πολεως θυατειρων σεβομενη τον θεον ηκουεν ης ο κυριος διηνοιξεν την καρδιαν προσεχειν τοις λαλουμενοις υπο παυλου [gnt]
Skin colors are mentioned in the song.
Matthew 27:28 And they stripped him, and put on him a scarlet robe. [kjv]
και εκδυσαντες αυτον χλαμυδα κοκκινην περιεθηκαν αυτω [gnt]
27:29 And when they had platted a crown of thorns, they put it upon his head, and a reed in his right hand: and they bowed the knee before him, and mocked him, saying, Hail, King of the Jews ! [kjv]
και πλεξαντες στεφανον εξ ακανθων επεθηκαν επι της κεφαλης αυτου και καλαμον εν τη δεξια αυτου και γονυπετησαντες εμπροσθεν αυτου ενεπαιξαν αυτω λεγοντες χαιρε βασιλευ των ιουδαιων [gnt]
Mark 15:17 And they clothed him with purple, and platted a crown of thorns, and put it about his head, [kjv]
και ενδιδυσκουσιν αυτον πορφυραν και περιτιθεασιν αυτω πλεξαντες ακανθινον στεφανον [gnt]
15:20 And when they had mocked him, they took off the purple from him, and put his own clothes on him, and led him out to crucify him. [kjv]
και οτε ενεπαιξαν αυτω εξεδυσαν αυτον την πορφυραν και ενεδυσαν αυτον τα ιματια αυτου και εξαγουσιν αυτον ινα σταυρωσωσιν αυτον [gnt]
John 19:2 And the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on his head, and they put on him a purple robe, [kjv]
και οι στρατιωται πλεξαντες στεφανον εξ ακανθων επεθηκαν αυτου τη κεφαλη και ιματιον πορφυρουν περιεβαλον αυτον [gnt]
19:5 Then came Jesus forth, wearing the crown of thorns, and the purple robe. And Pilate saith unto them, Behold the man ! [kjv]
εξηλθεν ουν ο ιησους εξω φορων τον ακανθινον στεφανον και το πορφυρουν ιματιον και λεγει αυτοις ιδου ο ανθρωπος [gnt]
Luke 16:19 There was a certain rich man, which was clothed in purple and fine linen, and fared sumptuously every day: [kjv]
ανθρωπος δε τις ην πλουσιος και ενεδιδυσκετο πορφυραν και βυσσον ευφραινομενος καθ ημεραν λαμπρως [gnt]
Revelation 17:4 And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication: [kjv]
και η γυνη ην περιβεβλημενη πορφυρουν και κοκκινον και κεχρυσωμενη χρυσιω και λιθω τιμιω και μαργαριταις εχουσα ποτηριον χρυσουν εν τη χειρι αυτης γεμον βδελυγματων και τα ακαθαρτα της πορνειας αυτης [gnt]
Exodus 25:4 And blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen, and goats' hair, [kjv]
ותכלת וארגמן … שני … [he]
και υακινθον και πορφυραν και κοκκινον διπλουν και βυσσον κεκλωσμενην και τριχας αιγειας [lxx]
26:1 Moreover thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work shalt thou make them. [kjv]
ואת המשכן תעשה עשר יריעת שש משזר ותכלת וארגמן ותלעת שני כרבים מעשה חשב תעשה אתם׃ [he]
Exodus 31:4 To devise cunning works, to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, [kjv]
διανοεισθαι και αρχιτεκτονησαι εργαζεσθαι το χρυσιον και το αργυριον και τον χαλκον και την υακινθον και την πορφυραν και το κοκκινον το νηστον και την βυσσον την κεκλωσμενην [lxx]
and to frame works, to labour in gold, and silver, and brass, and blue, and purple, and spun scarlet, [bs3]
35:6 And blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen, and goats' hair, [kjv]
υακινθον πορφυραν κοκκινον διπλουν διανενησμενον και βυσσον κεκλωσμενην και τριχας αιγειας [lxx]
blue, purple, double scarlet spun, and fine linen spun, and goats' hair, [bs3]
Revelation 4:3 And he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like unto an emerald. [kjv]
και ο καθημενος ομοιος ορασει λιθω ιασπιδι και σαρδιω και ιρις κυκλοθεν του θρονου ομοιος ορασει σμαραγδινω [gnt]
… iris … zmaragdinae [v]
10:1 And I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud: and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire: [kjv]
και ειδον αλλον αγγελον ισχυρον καταβαινοντα εκ του ουρανου περιβεβλημενον νεφελην και η ιρις επι την κεφαλην αυτου και το προσωπον αυτου ως ο ηλιος και οι ποδες αυτου ως στυλοι πυρος [gnt]
… iris … [v]
Revelation 4:3 And he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like unto an emerald. [kjv]
και ο καθημενος ομοιος ορασει λιθω ιασπιδι και σαρδιω και ιρις κυκλοθεν του θρονου ομοιος ορασει σμαραγδινω [gnt]
… iris … zmaragdinae [v]
Lamentations 3:12 He hath bent his bow, and set me as a mark for the arrow. [kjv]
ενετεινεν τοξον αυτου και εστηλωσεν με ως σκοπον εις βελος [lxx]
… arcum … signum … sagittam [v]
