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Word pair translation conflicts
1. Word pair translation conflicts
2. Word pair translation conflicts
One way that a word pair translation conflict becomes readily apparent is when one word is translated differently in Latin or English from the original Greek word. Then, at some point, a Greek word that means what had been used and the other Greek word appear in the same verse. Both Latin and English then have to do a side-step the issue and come up with a third word to use in that verse.
3. Over-fitting the data
Some of the word pair translation issues can be compared to the idea of "over-fitting the data" from the field of data science.
Over-fitting is memorizing the provided example data so that that data is recognized but other data is not recognized as well is it should be recognized.
4. Inductive bias
The inductive bias, or learning bias, of a (machine) learning algorithm is the bias in the form of assumptions prior-knowledge. This bias can effect the predicted outcome of the algorithm.
To avoid an inductive bias, data is often (randomly) divided into training data (where the result is known) and test data (where the result is to be predicted without bias).
Over-fitting the data is an inductive bias where the answers have, essentially, been memorized. Any data different than what is "memorized" will not be recognized or predicted well.
5. Examples of inductive bias
Students over-fit when they memorize answers but cannot solve problems if anything changes.
Musicians who "
memorize" a piece of music may sound great playing that one piece of music. Give them any other piece of music and it becomes apparent that they are what is sometimes called a "
one trick pony".
Theologians, commentators, pastors, etc., who fit what they think is the meaning of each verse into an overall framework, tightening the meaning the slightest issue creates contradictions that would not be present if the more general meaning in the original text had been preserved.
6. Authentic
How does not determine if what is seen is "
authentic"?
"memorizing the answers" rather than learning the underlying concepts and how to apply them
"say the desired talking points" over and over again (vain repetitions)
"over-fitting the data", a common problem in data science. One solution: train on part of the data, test on the another part of the data.
"one trick pony"
only being able to play one tune on a piano
7. Unification and resolution
Instead of "
over-fitting the data", one should try to find the "
most general unifier" which is an idea from the field of constraint logic programming.
8. Verse comparison
1 Timothy 2:1 I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men; [kjv]
παρακαλω ουν πρωτον παντων ποιεισθαι δεησεις προσευχας εντευξεις ευχαριστιας υπερ παντων ανθρωπων [gnt]
… obsecrationes orationes postulationes gratiarum … [v]
4:5 For it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer. [kjv]
αγιαζεται γαρ δια λογου θεου και εντευξεως [gnt]
sanctificatur … verbum … orationem [v]
… waurd … bida. [got]
If Paul had intended to mean
"prayer" in verse 4:5, he would have used that word - which is in verse 2:1. Instead, Paul uses the Greek word for
"interaction". In verse 2:1, both Latin and English use a different word to avoid repetition.
9. Romans 14:13 Occasion to fall
Romans 14:13 Let us not therefore judge one another any more: but judge this rather, that no man put a stumblingblock or an occasion to fall in his brother's way. [kjv]
μηκετι ουν αλληλους κρινωμεν αλλα τουτο κρινατε μαλλον το μη τιθεναι προσκομμα τω αδελφω η σκανδαλον [gnt]
The KJV (King James Version) uses "stumbling block" for "trip up" in an active sense.
The KJV uses "occasion to fall" for "stumbling block" in a passive sense.
This verse shows the problem of translating the Greek word for "
trap" or "
ensnare" or "
misinterpret" as "
stumbling block" when the Greek has a word for "
stumbling block".
10. James 4:16 Word conflict
James 4:16 But now ye rejoice in your boastings: all such rejoicing is evil. [kjv]
νυν δε καυχασθε εν ταις αλαζονειαις υμων πασα καυχησις τοιαυτη πονηρα εστιν [gnt]
… exultatis … superbiis … exultatio … maligna … [v]
The Latin word
"superbia" ≈ "pride, conceit, rudeness". Which fits better here?
☐
"boastings"
☐
"pretense to superior knowledge"
Which makes more sense here?
☐ To
"rejoice" in
"boastings" (talk about talk).
☐ To
"rejoice" in
"pretense to superior knowledge" (talk about actions or deceptions).
In this verse, James uses the common word for
"boast" two times. The
KJV translates this word as
"rejoice" so that it can translate the word for
"pretense to superior knowledge" as
"boastings".
11. Prayer requests
Philippians 1:4 Always in every prayer of mine for you all making request with joy, [kjv]
παντοτε εν παση δεησει μου υπερ παντων υμων μετα χαρας την δεησιν ποιουμενος [gnt]
… orationibus … deprecationem … [v]
A "
prayer" is a "
request". Here we have the same Greek word being translated in both ways to avoid any English word repetition. This appears to have started with the Latin. When Paul uses this word with the usual Greek word for "
prayer", another word is used. The usual Greek word for "
requests" is used creating a double-translation issue. Again this appears to have started with the Latin translation.
4:6 Be careful for nothing; but in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God. [kjv]
μηδεν μεριμνατε αλλ εν παντι τη προσευχη και τη δεησει μετ ευχαριστιας τα αιτηματα υμων γνωριζεσθω προς τον θεον [gnt]
… solliciti … oratione … obsecratione … gratiarum … petitiones … [v]
12. Philippians 4:6
KJV: Be careful for nothing; but in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God.
Greek: μηδεν μεριμνατε αλλ εν παντι τη προσευχη και τη δεησει μετα μετ ευχαριστιας τα αιτηματα υμων γνωριζεσθω προς τον θεον
Latin: nihil solliciti sitis sed in omni oratione et obsecratione cum gratiarum actione petitiones vestrae innotescant apud Deum
13. Philippians 1:4
KJV: Always in every prayer of mine for you all making request with joy,
Greek: παντοτε εν παση δεησει μου υπερ παντων υμων μετα χαρας την δεησιν ποιουμενος
Latin: semper in cunctis orationibus meis pro omnibus vobis cum gaudio deprecationem faciens
... more to be added ...
14. End of page
