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A concise tome on insect divisions and sections
1. A concise tome on insect divisions and sections
The study of the Greek word for "
insects" is interesting because the second part of the word is used in several words in the
GNT (Greek New Testament). There is one word that is used once in the
GNT and almost nowhere else.
2. Philippians 3:2-3 Possible solecism
Philippians 3:2 Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the concision. [kjv]
βλεπετε τους κυνας βλεπετε τους κακους εργατας βλεπετε την κατατομην [gnt]
… videte concisionem [v]
3:3 For we are the circumcision, which worship God in the spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh. [kjv]
ημεις γαρ εσμεν η περιτομη οι πνευματι θεου λατρευοντες και καυχωμενοι εν χριστω ιησου και ουκ εν σαρκι πεποιθοτες [gnt]
The
KJV (King James Version) uses "
beware" from "
be aware" but the Greek word is "
see" or "
observe". The word "
concision" is from the Latin.
"κατάτομη" ≈ "niche" as in a building or as mutilation in GNT (one time use). What might this word mean in context?
"κατά" ≈ "down, against" and often serves to intensify the word to which it is prefixed as in "get down to business".
"τόμος" ≈ "slice" as in a "section" or "cut" as in a "division".
3. Solecisms
The English word
"solecism" is the use of improper grammar as in a grammatical error in syntax. The word comes from the Greek city
"Σόλοι" ≈ "Soli" in Cilicia near the city of Tarsus. Paul was from Tarsus.
Aristotle uses the word "
solecism" in terms of deception but uses it for creating ambiguity in speech, often by way of pronoun case usage.
Over time, solecisms often became part of a spoken (and written) language.
4. Philippians 3:2 Solecism
Philippians 3:2 Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the concision. [kjv]
βλεπετε τους κυνας βλεπετε τους κακους εργατας βλεπετε την κατατομην [gnt]
Paul could be using a "
solecism" here but that is not clear. To do so, one might change the words as follows.
«κατατομην» as "concision" (Latin)
«κατα το μην» as "according to the month" where the "the" is not in the proper case - a common feature of solecisms (according to Aristotle).
This is pointed out for completeness. To get a better picture, we may need to
think outside the box.
5. Intersection
The ancient Greek word
"τομή" ≈ "notch, cut, intersection".
Job 15:32 It shall be accomplished before his time, and his branch shall not be green. [kjv]
His branch shall not be greene, but shall be cut off before his day. [gb]
η τομη αυτου προ ωρας φθαρησεται και ο ραδαμνος αυτου ου μη πυκαση [lxx]
His harvest shall perish before the time, and his branch shall not flourish. [bs3]
One meaning of the Greek word is a cutting of the harvest tops as a "
cut".
6. Job 15:32
KJV: It shall be accomplished before his time, and his branch shall not be green.
Hebrew: בלא יומו תמלא וכפתו לא רעננה׃
Greek: η τομη αυτου προ ωρας φθαρησεται και ο ραδαμνος αυτου ου μη πυκαση
Brenton: His harvest shall perish before the time, and his branch shall not flourish.
Geneva: His branch shall not be greene, but shall be cut off before his day.
7. Cuts
The English word
"cut" means to create an "
incision", divide with a knife, scissors, etc. A simple idea can acquire many other meanings from the original meaning.
| Abstract ideas using the word cut |
| cut one's losses |
clean cut |
cut class |
cut a deal |
cut and dry |
| cut through the clutter |
clear cut |
cut off |
cut it out |
cut out for |
| cut to the chase |
cut above |
price cut |
cut loose |
cut the action |
| cut to the quick |
cut down |
short cut |
cut corners |
time to cut |
Paul uses the Greek word (used only once in the Bible) that could mean "
incision" or "
cut". It appears more likely that a non-cut and more abstract meaning was intended.
8. Successive verses
Philippians 3:2 Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the concision. [kjv]
βλεπετε τους κυνας βλεπετε τους κακους εργατας βλεπετε την κατατομην [gnt]
… videte concisionem [v]
3:3 For we are the circumcision, which worship God in the spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh. [kjv]
ημεις γαρ εσμεν η περιτομη οι πνευματι θεου λατρευοντες και καυχωμενοι εν χριστω ιησου και ουκ εν σαρκι πεποιθοτες [gnt]
… circumcisio … [v]
Whatever the meaning translated as "
concision" it appears that Paul intended to connect "
concision" with "
circumcision" in the next verse.
9. Atomic moment
1 Corinthians 15:52 In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. [kjv]
εν ατομω εν ριπη οφθαλμου εν τη εσχατη σαλπιγγι σαλπισει γαρ και οι νεκροι εγερθησονται αφθαρτοι και ημεις αλλαγησομεθα [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"ἄτομος" ≈ "uncut, indivisible, individual". This word is used by Paul in 1 Corinthians 15:52 in reference to time.
The modern Greek word
"άτομο" (A-to-mo) ≈ "person, atom".
[not Adam and Eve]
10. Democritus
The ancient Greek philosopher and scientist Democritus (c. 460 - c. 370 BC), with some others, proposed an idea that today would be called "
atomic theory". None of his work survives but many written accounts by others fill in some details.
That theory of atoms and molecules was not established until about 1900. Einstein and his 1905 paper on Brownian motion helped finally establish the atomic theory as an accepted reality.
11. Planck length
1 Corinthians 15:52 In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. [kjv]
εν ατομω εν ριπη οφθαλμου εν τη εσχατη σαλπιγγι σαλπισει γαρ και οι νεκροι εγερθησονται αφθαρτοι και ημεις αλλαγησομεθα [gnt]
Some take this "
moment", or "
twinkling of an eye", as a Planck length, named after Max Planck (1858-1947). This length is the smallest measurable length of (quantized) time (or space) that has any meaning. This as about
1.6x1035 meters or about
1020 times the size of a proton.
12. Tome
13. Tome
In Isaiah 8:1 there is mention of a "
tome" as a "
roll", "
scroll", "
book".
Isaiah 8:1 Moreover the LORD said unto me, Take thee a great roll, and write in it with a man's pen concerning Maher–shalal–hash–baz. [kjv]
και ειπεν κυριος προς με λαβε σεαυτω τομον καινου μεγαλου και γραψον εις αυτον γραφιδι ανθρωπου του οξεως προνομην ποιησαι σκυλων παρεστιν γαρ [lxx]
… librum … [v]
And the Lord said to me, Take to yourself a volume of a great new book, and write in it with a man's pen concerning the making a rapid plunder of spoils; for it is near at hand. [bs3]
The Latin word
"librum" ≈ "book" and is the source of the English word
"library".
14. Isaiah 8:1
KJV: Moreover the LORD said unto me, Take thee a great roll, and write in it with a man's pen concerning Maher–shalal–hash–baz.
Hebrew: ויאמר יהוה אלי קח לך גליון גדול וכתב עליו בחרט אנוש למהר שלל חש בז׃
Greek: και ειπεν κυριος προς με λαβε σεαυτω τομον καινου μεγαλου και γραψον εις αυτον γραφιδι ανθρωπου του οξεως προνομην ποιησαι σκυλων παρεστιν γαρ
Brenton: And the Lord said to me, Take to yourself a volume of a great new book, and write in it with a man's pen concerning the making a rapid plunder of spoils; for it is near at hand.
Latin: et dixit Dominus ad me sume tibi librum grandem et scribe in eo stilo hominis Velociter spolia detrahe Cito praedare
15. Aristotle and atoms
Aristotle refers to the atomic theory of Democritus.
Aristotle often uses the ancient Greek word
"ατομος" ≈ "indivisible" to discuss length and time.
 |
Details are left as a future topic.
|
16. Thomas
The word "
tome" is
not related to the name "
Thomas" as in "
doubting Thomas" who, because of his nickname, appears to have been a "
twin".
John 20:24 But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came. [kjv]
θωμας δε εις εκ των δωδεκα ο λεγομενος διδυμος ουκ ην μετ αυτων οτε ηλθεν ιησους [gnt]
Thomas … duodecim … [v]
20:29 Jesus saith unto him, Thomas, because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed. [kjv]
λεγει αυτω ο ιησους οτι εωρακας με πεπιστευκας μακαριοι οι μη ιδοντες και πιστευσαντες [gnt]
17. Thomas
18. Twin
The English word
"Gemini" as a constellation is from the Latin word
"geminus" ≈ "twin".
The idea of a twin is translated as the ancient Greek word
"δίδυμος" ≈ "double, twofold, twin"which is a reduplication of the ancient Greek word
"δύο" ≈ "two"
Genesis 38:27 And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb. [kjv]
εγενετο δε ηνικα ετικτεν και τηδε ην διδυμα εν τη γαστρι αυτης [lxx]
… gemini … [v]
… תאומים … [he]
19. Genesis 38:27
KJV: And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb.
Hebrew: ויהי בעת לדתה והנה תאומים בבטנה׃
Greek: εγενετο δε ηνικα ετικτεν και τηδε ην διδυμα εν τη γαστρι αυτης
Latin: instante autem partu apparuerunt gemini in utero atque in ipsa effusione infantum unus protulit manum in qua obsetrix ligavit coccinum dicens
20. Strongs - twins
- *H8380 תָּאוֹם תָּאוֹם (taw-ome') : or taom {taw-ome'}; from H8382; a twin (in plural only), literally or figuratively:--twins.
21. John 20:24
KJV: But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came.
Greek: θωμας δε εις εκ των δωδεκα ο λεγομενος διδυμος ουκ ην μετ αυτων οτε ηλθεν ο ιησους
Latin: Thomas autem unus ex duodecim qui dicitur Didymus non erat cum eis quando venit Iesus
22. John 20:29
KJV: Jesus saith unto him, Thomas, because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed.
Greek: λεγει αυτω ο ιησους οτι εωρακας με θωμα πεπιστευκας μακαριοι οι μη ιδοντες και πιστευσαντες
23. Context
The context of the ancient Greek word
"κατάτομη" ≈ "niche" (as in a building) which became translated as the Latin word
"concisio" ≈ "to cut, destroy, mutilate" is at the start of Philippians 3.
Part of the context of the verse is that Paul starts all three categories with the Greek letter "
K" or "
Kappa". Sometimes to get a word pattern, one must invent or stretch words.
Paul invents many words, sometimes as a play-on-word or a pun, sometimes for other effects. Like Jesus, Paul uses a lot of double meanings that depend on the words used, the way the words are used, the context, etc.
24. Philippians 3:2 Roman k sound
Philippians 3:2 Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the concision. [kjv]
βλεπετε τους κυνας βλεπετε τους κακους εργατας βλεπετε την κατατομην [gnt]
videte canes videte malos operarios videte concisionem [v]
The three word groups all start with the Greek "
K" or "
Kappa" letter. The "
beware" means "
see" or "
observe".
"κυνας" ≈ "dogs" (apparent reference to the Cynics).
"κακους εργατας" ≈ "bad workers" (faith by required works).
"κατατομην" ≈ "concision" (Jews with extra required rules).
In Roman times, the letter "
k" was considered sinister and, in most cases, the Roman "
c", with the same "
k" sound, was used. Thus, "
Caesar" was pronounced as "
Kaiser". Carthage: Latin "
Karthago" as "
new Tyre", "
Punic" as "
Phoenician".
Later, the hard Latin "
c" as "
k" changed to the softer "
c" as "
s" or "
ch" as in "
church". The German word
"die Kirche" ≈ "church".
25. Circumcision
26. Acrobats
27. Acropolis and temple
Like many cities, Colossae had an acropolis - a (high) point at the end of a mountain ridge.
Colossae had a theater, temple, etc.
28. Cornerstone and acropolis
Ephesians 2:20 And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone; [kjv]
εποικοδομηθεντες επι τω θεμελιω των αποστολων και προφητων οντος ακρογωνιαιου αυτου χριστου ιησου [gnt]
Paul makes the connection with Jesus explicit in Ephesians 2:10, though Paul uses a more explicit and literal word for "
corner stone" that would be recognized by his Greek audience - using the prefix of "
acro" as in "
acropolis".
29. Acumen
The Latin word
"acuo" ≈ "make pointed, sharpen" as in the English word "
acumen" and is related to the (first part of the) words for "
acropolis" and "
acrobat" (from Greek). It is also the source of the English word "
acid".
30. 1 Corinthians 7:19
KJV: Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but the keeping of the commandments of God.
Greek: η περιτομη ουδεν εστιν και η ακροβυστια ουδεν εστιν αλλα τηρησις εντολων θεου
31. Strongs - circumcision
Insects such as mosquitoes and gnats, that could fly and had four feet, were unclean.
The modern Greek word "κεραία" (keh-REH-a) ≈ "antenna"is from the ancient Greek word "κεραία" ≈ "little horn, antennae of an insect" and anything projecting as a (small) horn. This word is found 2 times in the GNT and both times translated as "tittle".
These words derive from the ancient Greek word "κέρας" ≈ "horn" which is related to the English word "cornet".
