- *G5331 *0 φαρμακεία (far-mak-i'-ah) : from G5332 φαρμακεύς; medication ("pharmacy"), i.e. (by extension) magic (literally or figuratively):--sorcery, witchcraft.
- φαρμακεια
- Galatians 5:20 Idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, ...
- φαρμακιων
- Revelation 9:21 Neither repented they of their murders, nor ...
- φαρμακια
- Revelation 18:23 ... for by thy sorceries were all nations deceived.
- *G5332 φαρμακεύς (far-mak-yoos') : from pharmakon (a drug, i.e. spell-giving potion); a druggist ("pharmacist") or poisoner, i.e. (by extension) a magician:--sorcerer.
- *G5333 *2 φαρμακός (far-mak-os') : the same as G5332 φαρμακεύς:--sorcerer.
- φαρμακοις
- Revelation 21:8 But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, ...
- φαρμακοι
- Revelation 22:15 For without are dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and ...
9. Revelation 9:21 Sorcery
Revelation 9:21 Neither repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts. [kjv]
και ου μετενοησαν εκ των φονων αυτων ουτε εκ των φαρμακων αυτων ουτε εκ της πορνειας αυτων ουτε εκ των κλεμματων αυτων [gnt]
… homicidiis … veneficiis … fornicatione … [v]
The "
end times" prophecies of Revelation use the Greek word for
"drugs" or
"sorcery" four times.
What "
murders" might be intended? The Greek for "
fornication" is the source of the English word
"pornography".
10. Revelation 9:21
KJV: Neither repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.
Greek: και ου μετενοησαν εκ των φονων αυτων ουτε εκ των φαρμακειων φαρμακων αυτων ουτε εκ της πορνειας αυτων ουτε εκ των κλεμματων αυτων
Latin: et non egerunt paenitentiam ab homicidiis suis neque a veneficiis suis neque a fornicatione sua neque a furtis suis
11. Revelation 18:23 Sorcery
Revelation 18:23 And the light of a candle shall shine no more at all in thee; and the voice of the bridegroom and of the bride shall be heard no more at all in thee: for thy merchants were the great men of the earth; for by thy sorceries were all nations deceived. [kjv]
και φως λυχνου ου μη φανη εν σοι ετι και φωνη νυμφιου και νυμφης ου μη ακουσθη εν σοι ετι οτι οι εμποροι σου ησαν οι μεγιστανες της γης οτι εν τη φαρμακεια σου επλανηθησαν παντα τα εθνη [gnt]
What "
light" might not "
shine". What great merchant power who were the "
greatest" of the "
earth" might have "
deceived" the "
nations"?
12. Revelation 18:23
KJV: And the light of a candle shall shine no more at all in thee; and the voice of the bridegroom and of the bride shall be heard no more at all in thee: for thy merchants were the great men of the earth; for by thy sorceries were all nations deceived.
Greek: και φως λυχνου ου μη φανη εν σοι ετι και φωνη νυμφιου και νυμφης ου μη ακουσθη εν σοι ετι οτι οι εμποροι σου ησαν οι μεγιστανες της γης οτι εν τη φαρμακεια σου επλανηθησαν παντα τα εθνη
Latin: et lux lucernae non lucebit tibi amplius et vox sponsi et sponsae non audietur adhuc in te quia mercatores tui erant principes terrae quia in veneficiis tuis erraverunt omnes gentes
13. Revelation 21:8 Sorcery
Revelation 21:8 But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death. [kjv]
τοις δε δειλοις και απιστοις και εβδελυγμενοις και φονευσιν και πορνοις και φαρμακοις και ειδωλολατραις και πασιν τοις ψευδεσιν το μερος αυτων εν τη λιμνη τη καιομενη πυρι και θειω ο εστιν ο θανατος ο δευτερος [gnt]
The ancient Greek word
"μέρος" ≈ "part, portion, share" and is the source of the ancient Greek word
"μέριμνα" ≈ "portion, part" and is related to the ancient Greek words for "
care" is in the "
cares of this world" and "
anxious" is an about getting one's share or part.
The modern Greek word
"μέρος" (MEH-ros) ≈ "part" and is part of the modern Greek word
"διαμέρισμα" (thee-a-MEH-ree-sma) ≈ "apartment" where one occupies "
part" of a building.
14. Caleb and the canine dogs
The English name
"Caleb" comes, through Late Latin, from the ancient Greek word
"Χάλεβ" ≈ "Caleb" which comes from the Hebrew word
"כלב" ≈ "Caleb, dog".
Throughout times, the name of "
dog" could have good or bad connotations.
Albert Einstein was called a
lazy "
dog" by one of his teachers.
15. Revelation 21:8
KJV: But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death.
Greek: δειλοις τοις δε δειλοις και απιστοις και εβδελυγμενοις και φονευσιν και πορνοις και φαρμακευσιν φαρμακοις και ειδωλολατραις και πασιν τοις ψευδεσιν το μερος αυτων εν τη λιμνη τη καιομενη πυρι και θειω ο εστιν δευτερος ο θανατος ο δευτερος
16. Revelation 22:15 Dogs and sorcerers
Revelation 22:15 For without are dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and maketh a lie. [kjv]
εξω οι κυνες και οι φαρμακοι και οι πορνοι και οι φονεις και οι ειδωλολατραι και πας φιλων και ποιων ψευδος [gnt]
… canes … venefici … inpudici … homicidae … mendacium [v]
17. Revelation 22:15
KJV: For without are dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and maketh a lie.
Greek: εξω δε οι κυνες και οι φαρμακοι και οι πορνοι και οι φονεις και οι ειδωλολατραι και πας ο φιλων και ποιων ψευδος
Latin: foris canes et venefici et inpudici et homicidae et idolis servientes et omnis qui amat et facit mendacium
18. Sayings of the dog and the sow
2 Peter 2:22 But it is happened unto them according to the true proverb, The dog is turned to his own vomit again; and the sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire. [kjv]
συμβεβηκεν αυτοις το της αληθους παροιμιας κυων επιστρεψας επι το ιδιον εξεραμα και υς λουσαμενη εις κυλισμον βορβορου [gnt]
… canis … vomitum … lota … luti [v]
… hound … castyng… sowe … fenne. [wy]
It is often said that "
one cannot teach on old dog new tricks". Over history there have been many sayings that involve animals such as dogs and pigs.
In some sense, both
"dogs" and
"pigs" return to their old ways. Like in Hebrew proverbs, Peter repeats the same idea twice to avoid confusion of meaning.
Who is a "dog"? Who is a "pig"?
19. False teaching as poison
Talking about false teachers, early church father
Ignatius writes the following to the
Trallians (part 6.2, underlining added).
The Greek for "
unsuspecting" is "
ignorant". One needs to study the truth to not be "
ignorant".
English: ... these people, while pretending to be trustworthy, mix Jesus Christ with themselves - like those who administer a deadly drug with honeyed wine, which the unsuspecting victim accepts without fear and so with final pleasure drinks down death. Holmes, M. (2007). The Apostolic Fathers. 3rd Ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, p. 219.
What is the
functional difference between the following?
Someone who says "I am Christ. Do this." (false Christ).
Someone who says "I represent Christ. Christ says to do this.".
20. Puffed up with pride
After warning about the poison of false teachers, Ignatius tells the Trallians in the very next line that being puffed up with pride makes one susceptible to such false teachers (part 7.1).
English: Therefore be on your guard against such people. And you will be provided that you are not puffed up with pride.
Holmes, M. (2007).
The Apostolic Fathers. 3rd Ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, p. 208.
Such prideful people think (know) that they know the answers without even checking to verify them. They will proclaim "
I am" followed by assertions or oaths of their self-exalted position.
Proverbs 25:2 It is the glory of God to conceal a thing: but the honour of kings is to search out a matter. [kjv]
21. Greek word for drugs
The Greek word for "drug" is related to the ideas and Greek words for "virus" and "poison" and "chemistry".
22. Viral origins of the word virus
23. Chemistry of the Bible
24. Ignatius to the Ephesians: Antidote
An
"antidote" is what one takes
"in place of" the "
dose" or what is given as poison.
The
"antidote" for sin in general is mentioned by
Ignatius in his letter to the
Ephesians (part 20.2)
English: ... breaking one bread, which is the medicine of immortality, the antidote we take in order not to die but to live forever in Jesus Christ.
Greek: … ἕνα ἄρτον κλῶντες, ὅς ἐστιν φάρμακον ἀθανασιας, ἀντίδοτος τοῦ μὴ ἀποθανεῖν, ἀλλὰ ζῆν ἐν Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ διὰ παντός. Ignatius to the Ephesians [20]
Holmes, M. (2007).
The Apostolic Fathers. 3rd Ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, p. 199.
25. Deleterious
26. Delete
Colossians 2:14 Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross; [kjv]
εξαλειψας το καθ ημων χειρογραφον τοις δογμασιν ο ην υπεναντιον ημιν και αυτο ηρκεν εκ του μεσου προσηλωσας αυτο τω σταυρω [gnt]
delens … [v]
The ancient Greek word for "
poison" may be related to the Latin word
"deleo" ≈ "destroy, finish" which is the source of the English word
"delete" and used in the Latin Vulgate by Paul as "
blotting out".
27. Colossians 2:14
KJV: Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross;
Greek: εξαλειψας το καθ ημων χειρογραφον τοις δογμασιν ο ην υπεναντιον ημιν και αυτο ηρκεν εκ του μεσου προσηλωσας αυτο τω σταυρω
Latin: delens quod adversum nos erat chirografum decretis quod erat contrarium nobis et ipsum tulit de medio adfigens illud cruci
Wycliffe: foryyuynge to you alle giltis, doynge awei that writing of decre that was ayens vs, that was contrarie to vs; and he took awei that fro the myddil, pitchinge it on the cros;
Geneva: And putting out the hand writing of ordinances that was against vs, which was contrarie to vs, hee euen tooke it out of the way, and fastened it vpon the crosse,
Gothic: afswairbands thos ana uns wadjabokos raginam seinaim, thatei was andaneitho uns, jah thata usnam us midumai ganagljands ita du galgin,
Luther: und ausgetilget die Handschrift, so wider uns war, welche durch Satzungen entstund und uns entgegen war, und hat sie aus dem Mittel getan und an das Kreuz geheftet.
Spanish: rayendo el manuscrito de las ordenanzas que había contra nosotros, que nos era contrario, quitándolo de en medio y clavándolo en la cruz;
Portuguese: anulou o documento que, com os seus decretos, era contra nós; aboliu-o inteiramente, e cravou-o na cruz.
28. Sorcery
Sorcery is often attributed to witches and warlords. A witch in the Bible is Saul and the witch of Endor.
29. Aristotle
Here are some things Aristotle says in passing about drugs, usually used as an example in his work
Topics.
Topica 2 3:8 [111b] ἐπιθυμία τούτου ἢ ὡς τέλους, οἷον ὑγιείας, ἢ ὡς τῶν πρὸς τὸ τέλος, οἷον τοῦ φαρμακευθῆναι, ἢ ὡς τοῦ κατὰ συμβεβηκός, καθάπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ οἴνου ὁ φιλόγλυκυς, οὐχ ὅτι οἶνος ἀλλ´ ὅτι γλυκύς ἐστιν. [aristotle]
11:13 Πάλιν ποτὲ μὲν συμφέρει φαρμακεύεσθαι, οἷον ὅταν νοσῇ, ἁπλῶς δ´ οὔ. [aristotle]
Topica 6 13:11 Μάλιστα δὲ καταφανὲς τὸ νῦν ῥηθὲν ἐπὶ τῶν ὑγιεινῶν καὶ νοσωδῶν· ἔνια γὰρ τῶν φαρμάκων οὕτως ἔχει ὥσθ´ ἑκάτερον μὲν εἶναι ἀγαθόν, ἐὰν δ´ ἄμφω δοθῇ μειχθέντα, κακόν. [aristotle]
details to be added
30. End of page
In today's society, there are "legal" and "illegal" "drugs". Drugs as medicine are somewhat like a vitamin.
Whenever Paul makes a statement, command or mandate, it is like a "vitamin". The important question is the following. What problem might exist for Paul to recommend this vitamin?
